Ancud ( Spanish pronunciation: [aŋˈkuð] ) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé , in Los Lagos Region . It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro . The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982. Founded as bulwark against foreign powers in colonial times , the city played an important role in the Chilean colonization of Patagonia in the 19th century.
19-530: Numerous glaciations have dredged the Chacao Channel to the north, separating Chiloé Island from mainland Chile to the north, marking the border between two natural regions of Chile , Zona Sur to the north and Zona Austral to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies on the west as the Chilean Coastal Range continues as a chain of islands. To the southeast of the commune is Quemchi and Dalcahue to
38-524: A July average of 7.5 °C (45.5 °F). Precipitation during this time of the year is very high, averaging around 350 millimetres (14 in) and humidity is high, averaging around 87-88%. Summers are mild with a January average of 15.0 °C (59.0 °F) and during this time, precipitation is lower though still significant, averaging 125 millimetres (5 in) in January. Temperatures rarely exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F). The average annual precipitation
57-461: A woman. As a commune , Ancud is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council , headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Federico Krüger Finterbüch. Within the electoral divisions of Chile , Ancud is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Mr. Gabriel Ascencio ( PDC ) and Mr. Alejandro Santana ( RN ) as part of
76-437: Is 2,540 millimetres (100 in) and there are 200 days with measureable precipitation. However, precipitation is highly variable from year to year with 1993 being the driest, recording only 759 millimetres (30 in) and 1977 being the wettest at 3,712 millimetres (146 in). The record high was 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) on January 27, 1975, and the record low was −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) on June 30, 1970. According to
95-448: Is the main religious temple of the city, and it is a building built after the 1960 earthquake, in the same place as the temple destroyed during that event. The fort system of Ancud together with nearby the forts of Agüi one of the four fort systems that existed in colonial Chiloé . The fort system of Ancud is made up of two forts and four batteries . Fuerte Real de San Carlos was built as late as 1824 by orders of Antonio de Quintanilla ,
114-839: The Captaincy General of Chile into a direct dependency of the Viceroyalty of Peru . As with other 18th-century forts in Chile, the establishment of Ancud led through the new Ancud-Castro road to an expansion on local trade and agriculture . Between 1839 and 1864 the Chilean Navy ran the Ancud Nautic School ( Spanish : Escuela Náutica de Ancud ) in the town. Among its alumni was Francisco Hudson . Ancud has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) with significant precipitation in each month. Winters are cool and wet with
133-711: The Tian Shan ) Jomolungma (in the Himalayas ), and Llanquihue (in Chile ). The glacial advance reached the Last Glacial Maximum about 26,500 BP . In Europe , the ice sheet reached Northern Germany . Over the last 650,000 years, there have been on average seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat. Since orbital variations are predictable, computer models that relate orbital variations to climate can predict future climate possibilities. Work by Berger and Loutre suggests that
152-496: The 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute , Ancud spans an area of 1,252.4 km (484 sq mi) and has 39,946 inhabitants (19,793 men and 20,153 women). Of these, 27,292 (68.3%) lived in urban areas and 12,654 (31.7%) in rural areas . The population grew by 6.5% (2,430 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. The demonym of a person from Ancud is Ancuditano for a man and Ancuditana for
171-518: The 58th electoral district, together with Castro , Quemchi , Dalcahue , Curaco de Vélez , Quinchao , Puqueldón , Chonchi , Queilén , Quellón , Chaitén , Hualaihué , Futaleufú and Palena . The commune is represented in the Senate by Camilo Escalona Medina ( PS ) and Carlos Kuschel Silva (RN) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region). Previously the area had a German school, Deutsche Schule Ancud-Chiloe. The Cathedral of Ancud
190-521: The current warm climate may last another 50,000 years. The amount of heat trapping (greenhouse) gases being emitted into the Earth's oceans and its atmosphere may delay the next glacial period by an additional 50,000 years. Christian Democratic Party Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy. The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th-century Europe, largely under
209-505: The environment, generally supporting a social market economy . Christian democracy can be seen as either conservative, centrist, or liberal / left of, right of, or center of the mainstream political parties depending on the social and political atmosphere of a given country and the positions held by individual Christian democratic parties. In Europe, where their opponents have traditionally been secularist socialists, Christian democratic parties are moderately conservative overall, whereas in
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#1732848864892228-888: The glacial period covered many areas of the Northern Hemisphere and have different names, depending on their geographic distributions: Wisconsin (in North America ), Devensian (in Great Britain ), Midlandian (in Ireland ), Würm (in the Alps ), Weichsel (in northern Central Europe ), Dali (in East China ), Beiye (in North China ), Taibai (in Shaanxi ) Luoji Shan (in southwest Sichuan ), Zagunao (in northwest Sichuan ), Tianchi (in
247-560: The influence of Catholic social teaching and Neo-Calvinist theology. Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secularisation . In practice, Christian democracy is often considered centre-right on cultural , social and moral issues , but centre-left "with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy" as well as
266-700: The last 740,000 years alone. The Penultimate Glacial Period (PGP) is the glacial period that occurred before the Last Glacial Period . It began about 194,000 years ago and ended 135,000 years ago, with the beginning of the Eemian interglacial. The last glacial period was the most recent glacial period within the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pleistocene , and began about 110,000 years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago. The glaciations that occurred during
285-424: The last Spanish governor of Chiloé. The arsenal (polvorín) of this can still be seen at the centre of a small plaza. The battery of San Antonio is the best preserved part of the fort system. Glaciations A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation ) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials , on
304-438: The other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state . Within the Quaternary , which started about 2.6 million years before present , there have been a number of glacials and interglacials. At least eight glacial cycles have occurred in
323-438: The south. The commune has a surface area of 1,752.4 km (677 sq mi). To the west are the coastal villages of Pumillahue and Quetalmahue, among others. 25 kilometers west of Ancud lies Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument , a group of preserved islands that provide habitat to various penguin species. Prior to its establishment as a Spanish settlement the site of Ancud was known as Puerto Inglés (lit. English port). It
342-463: The very different cultural and political environment of Latin America they tend to lean to the left . It is the dominant centre-right political movement in Europe, but by contrast, Christian democratic parties in Latin America tend to be left-leaning. Christian democracy includes elements common to several other political ideologies, including conservatism , liberalism , and social democracy . In
361-593: Was on here that Hendrik Brouwer , the leader of the Dutch expedition to Valdivia died on August 7, 1643, before reaching Valdivia . As consequence of the Seven Years' War the Spanish authorities had the coastal fortification system of Chile updated and expanded. Inspired in the recommendations of former governor Antonio Narciso de Santa María , the Spanish founded the "city-fort" of Ancud in 1767–1768 and separated Chiloé from
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