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60-779: The Anchor Bar, on Main Street in Buffalo, New York, was established in 1935 by Frank and Teressa Bellissimo. It became famous for trademarking the Buffalo-style chicken wing. Frank Bellissimo died in October 1980 at the age of 84. Teressa Bellissimo, who opened the Anchor Bar with her husband Frank, and is credited with inventing the Buffalo Wing, died in her apartment above the bar in November 1985. She

120-696: A French dish, are a popular deep-fried pastry in the U.S. city of New Orleans . Deep-fried food has been a core part of the culture of the American South with many restaurants solely serving deep-fried foods. The owner of one such restaurant has said of deep-fried food that "in the South it's a way of life". Fast food is one of the most common ways to consume deep-fried food in North America. Novelty deep-fried foods are popular today in American fairs , especially those in

180-716: A Peruvian bread made of flour, salt and yeast , known as chipá cuerito in Paraguay and Torta frita in Argentina and Uruguay , made of flour, salt and yeast, sometimes addition with milk and animal fat and fried in cow fat, the churro , a fried dough popular in Spain is a popular fried snack and street food in Argentina and Uruguay, milanesa a deep fried breaded veal beef from Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Deep fat frying involves heating oil to temperatures in excess of 180 °C in

240-463: A couple of tablespoons per 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 cups of oil" used. This oil absorption rate is around the same as occurs with shallow frying, such as in a pan. However, if the food is cooked in the oil for too long, much of the water will be lost and the oil will begin to penetrate the food. The correct frying temperature depends on the thickness and type of food, but in most cases it lies between 350–375 °F (177–191 °C). An informal test for

300-423: A detriment to health and in some cases have positive effects on insulin levels. Oil can be reused a few times after original use after straining out solids. However, excessive use of the same oil can cause it to break down and release compounds into the food that may be carcinogenic, affect liver health, or influence the body's ability to absorb vitamins. Some European countries have set public health standards for

360-623: A fried dough ball popular in Central America and Greece, is a popular deep-fried snack and street food in South America. Picarone , a Peruvian dessert originated in the colonial period, are deep-fried doughs made with pumpkin and sweet potatoes, popular in Peru and Chile, especially during harvest festivals., a family of deep fried cakes is well known across, sopaipillas a Chilean bread are deep fried in oil or butter also made with pumpkin, Chancay

420-465: A higher risk for some cancers . Eating deep-fried foods has also been linked to higher cholesterol levels, obesity , heart attacks , and diabetes . Deep-fried foods cooked at certain temperatures can also contain acrylamide . This discovery in 2002 led to international health concerns. Subsequent research has however found that it is not likely that the acrylamides in burnt or well-cooked food cause cancer in humans; Cancer Research UK categorizes

480-512: A part of the cuisine. A common food in this region is the deep-fried fritter , also referred to as "sponges". In East Africa deep fried food is common, cooked in cast iron or earthenware pots. Frying in batter is common. A Ugandan specialty is a kind of doughnut called Mandazi. In areas of Southern Africa, street foods include deep-fried potato and cassava chips. Deep-fried foods in the country of South Africa include fish and chips, vetkoek and koeksisters , among others. Japanese tempura

540-495: A project to enhance and restore the historic downtown district. This project included significant infrastructure and streetscape improvements, such as the installation of brick pavers, sidewalks, landscaping, and decorative streetlights and benches. Hudson Crossing Park, located along the Fox River, opened in October 2004 where many children and families enjoy the scenery. The Waubonsee Creek Promenade, which stretches from Main Street to

600-750: A temperature close to this range involves adding a tiny amount of flour into the oil and watching to see if it sizzles without immediately burning. A second test involves adding one piece of food to deep fry and watching it sink somewhat and rise back up. Sinking without resurfacing indicates that the oil is too cold; not sinking at all indicates that the oil is too hot. It is recommended that deep fryers be cleaned often to prevent contamination. The process of cooking with oil can also contaminate nearby surfaces as oil may splatter on adjacent areas. Oil vapors can also condense on more distant surfaces such as walls and ceilings. Supplies such as dish detergent and baking soda can effectively clean affected surfaces. Deep frying

660-806: A third location opened in Round Rock . In September 2018 the first Michigan location opened in the city of Rochester Hills . It closed in 2020. In May 2019, Anchor Bar opened a location in Frederick, Maryland . A location in Kennesaw, Georgia became the first location in the Southeast in June 2020. A short-lived location opened as the first one in California in January 2021 in Orange , but

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720-552: Is a popular deep-fried food that generally consists of battered and fried seafood and vegetables. Japanese deep-fried dishes, or Agemono , include other styles besides tempura, such as Karaage , Korokke , Kushikatsu , and Tonkatsu . In areas of Southeast Asia such as Thailand, insects are commonly deep-fried for human consumption. Western-style fast food items such as donuts, deep-fried chicken, and deep-fried potatoes are also becoming popular in Asia. In Indonesia deep fried food

780-630: Is a popular food. In South Asia , popular deep fried snacks are samosa , jalebi , and pakora . Many countries such as the United Kingdom use pure or hydrogenated rapeseed oil for deep-frying. Fish and chips is a very popular deep-fried dish in England since it originated in London in the 19th century and became popular among the working class. Its popularity continues with 229 million portions of fish and chips being sold annually in England. There

840-608: Is absorbed by the food in the process. Research indicates that virgin olive oil is unique among other cooking oils because it is very rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and contains beneficial micronutrients. The deep-fried Mars bar originated in Scotland, with The Carron Fish Bar in Stonehaven claiming to have invented it in the early 1990s. In the United States, soybean oil is often used for deep-frying. Beignets , originally

900-550: Is added after the wing has been cooked. “Wings,” as they are called in Buffalo (versus “Buffalo Wings) are traditionally served with chunky blue cheese dressing and celery (freshly cut carrots are often served, as well). Today, Anchor Bar sauces are sold in the United States at Tops Friendly Markets , Wegmans and in Canada at Sobey's and Metro stores. In 2007, Iron Chef and Food Network personality Bobby Flay appeared at

960-553: Is also used to make several kinds of bánh , including bánh rán (fried rice ball), bánh cam (sesame ball), bánh tiêu (hollow doughnut), bánh rế (sweet potato pancake), bánh chuối chiên (banana fritter), Hồ Tây –style bánh tôm (shrimp fritter), and bánh gối (pillow cake). Deep-fried sticks of dough, known as youtiao in Chinese, are eaten in many East and Southeast Asian cuisines. In Hong Kong, deep-fried intestine of pigs

1020-497: Is an annual trade fair devoted to deep-fried foods called the International Symposium on Deep-Fat Frying which features discussions on deep fat frying as well as exhibitions by companies involved with the process. Belgian tradition requires French fries to be deep-fried in filtered fat of cattle , locally called blanc de boeuf or ossewit . The Mediterranean diets traditionally use olive oil for deep-frying, which it

1080-552: Is bordered to the north by Boulder Hill and Montgomery , to the east by Aurora , and to the west by Yorkville , the Kendall county seat . According to the 2010 census, the village of Oswego has a total area of 15.63 square miles (40.5 km ), of which 15.53 square miles (40.2 km ) (or 99.36%) is land and 0.11 square miles (0.28 km ) (or 0.70%) is water. Downtown Oswego is home to historic buildings and homes, as well as shops and restaurants. The Village of Oswego launched

1140-468: Is done with a deep fryer , a pan such as a wok or chip pan , a Dutch oven , or a cast-iron pot. Additional tools include fry baskets, which are used to contain foods in a deep fryer and to strain foods when removed from the oil, and cooking thermometers , used to gauge oil temperature. Tongs, slotted spoons , wooden spoons , and sieves may be used to remove or separate foods from the hot oil. Japanese deep frying tools include long metal chopsticks;

1200-405: Is fried with food than when fat or oil is tested on its own in a laboratory. Deep-frying under vacuum helps to significantly reduce acrylamide formation, but this process is not widely used in the food industry due to the high investment cost involved. Some useful tests and indicators of excessive oil deterioration are the following: Instruments that indicate total polar compounds, currently

1260-682: Is quite common, serving as either a main dish or a snack. The ingredients are usually deep fried in palm oil , the most widely used cooking oil in the country. Some popular deep fried foods include ayam goreng (chicken), pecel lele (catfish), pempek (fishcake) and tempeh . Fritters in Indonesia is generally identified as gorengan , the most popular one including pisang goreng (banana fritter), bakwan jagung (corn) and tahu goreng (tofu). Deep-fried fish, tofu , and chả giò are commonly eaten in Vietnamese cuisine . Deep frying

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1320-430: Is used for this; industrially, a pressure fryer or vacuum fryer may be used. Deep frying may also be performed using oil that is heated in a pot. Deep frying is classified as a hot-fat cooking method. Typically, deep frying foods cook quickly since oil has a high rate of heat conduction and all sides of the food are cooked simultaneously. The term "deep frying" and many modern deep-fried foods were not invented until

1380-980: The agemono-nabe deep frying pot, which is heavy for retaining heat and deep for holding oil; the ami-shakushi net ladle used for scooping out batter debris; and the abura-kiri oil drying rack pan. Deep-fried foods are common in many countries, and have also been described as "a staple of almost all street cuisines on all continents". There are hundreds of dishes that are associated with deep frying as most foods can be deep-fried. Examples of food that can be deep-fried include meat, poultry, fish and vegetables. Fish and chips , for instance, combines deep-fried fish and deep-fried potatoes . French fries, doughnuts , onion rings , and hushpuppies are common deep-fried foods. Other common deep-fried foods include Chinese you Bing deep-fried pancakes , Southeast Asian jin deui , and Japanese tempura. Less common deep-fried foods include maple leaves , peanut butter and jelly sandwiches , pizza , Mars and Snickers bars. In

1440-632: The Texas State Fair , where they hold an annual contest for the most creative deep-fried food. Notable past winners have included fried Coke and deep-fried butter , both invented by Abel Gonzales . Since 2013, an American reality competition show called deep-fried Masters , produced by Discovery Networks , holds deep frying competitions at several state fairs across the country. Fish and chip shops in Australia may purvey several types of deep-fried foods, along with other food types. The buñuelo ,

1500-929: The "AB Sports Bar." In September 2016 a third Ontario location opened in Toronto, Ontario located at Dixon and Martin Grove roads. (This location closed by mid-2020.) In June 2018, a fourth Ontario location opened in Mississauga, Ontario on Hurontario Street . (This location closed approximately one year after opening.) The Anchor Bar has a restaurant location in the Main Terminal at Buffalo Niagara International Airport . There are three locations in Texas . The San Antonio location opened in July 2017. The Schertz location opened in Sep 2018. In late 2021

1560-500: The 13th century, and deep-fried fish recipes have been found in cookbooks in Spain and Portugal at around the same time. Falafel arrived in the Middle East from Egypt as early as the 14th century. French fries , invented in the late 18th century, became popular in the early 19th century western Europe. In 1860, Joseph Malin combined deep fried fish with chips (french fries) to open

1620-491: The 19th century, but the practice has been around for millennia. Early records and cookbooks suggest that the practice began in certain European countries before other countries adopted the practice. Deep frying is popular worldwide, with deep-fried foods accounting for a large portion of global caloric consumption. The English expression deep-fried is attested from the early 20th century. Deep-fried dough known as Zalabiyeh

1680-427: The American South. Hundreds of items are served at these fairs. Some of them include deep-fried beer, butter, and bubblegum. Additionally, deep frying can be used as a form of artwork by frying non-edible objects, such as electronics . Artists such as Henry Hargreaves have deep-fried replicas of electronic items such as iPads , Game Boys , and laptops . Deep-fried food contests are frequently held at fairs such as

1740-578: The Anchor Bar for a Buffalo wing " throwdown " with the self-proclaimed "Wing King", Drew Cerza. In the summer of 2012, it was announced that a second location would open in Hamilton, Ontario . It is located in the Jackson Square mall. In 2013, a quick service version of The Anchor Bar opened at the Darien Lake amusement park about half an hour away from Buffalo. This location has a limited menu compared to

1800-603: The Fox River in the town allowed Oswego to grow economically and as a town, eventually incorporated in 1852 with its village boundaries at the time being Harrison Street to the northwest, Jefferson Street to the northeast, Monroe Street to the southeast, and Benton Street to the southwest. At the advent of the automobile, Oswego continued to see growth as it became a hub for three different state highways ( Illinois Route 25 , Illinois Route 71 , and Illinois Route 31 ). Major community developments began when Caterpillar Inc. and Western Electric built industrial plants near Oswego in

1860-492: The Little White School Museum, the park district provides offerings for the community of 20,000 households as well as visitors from farther away. The Oswego area holds several races for fitness enthusiasts. Several area festivals are coordinated by the park district, such as the annual PrairieFest. As of the census of 2019, there were 36,252 people, 11,215 families living in the village. The population density

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1920-519: The United States, the Chicago Tribune notes that "you can deep fry almost anything". The American South has been noted as a modern center of innovation in the area of deep-fried food. According to the owner of a deep frying restaurant in the South, "If something is edible, you can bet that someone south of the Mason-Dixon line has tried to cook it in oil". In Northern Africa, deep-fried dishes are

1980-442: The age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 10.58% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.2% were non-families. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.43. In the village, the population was spread out, with 34.7% under the age of 20, 17.0% from 20 to 34, 33.2% from 35 to 54, 8.3% from 55 to 64, and 6.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

2040-624: The area now known as Oswego. The land belonged to the local Potawatomi , Ottawa , and Chippewa tribes, but the United States government removed the Native Americans when the government started surveying the land along the Fox River in Kendall County. In 1842, the federal government placed the land for sale at an established price of $ 1.25 an acre. After the sale of the land, Lewis Brinsmaid Judson and Levi F. Arnold from New York laid out

2100-421: The best single gauge of how deep-fried an object is, are available with sufficient accuracy for restaurant and industry use. Cooking oil is not flammable at room temperature but can become flammable when used at high temperatures. Fires ensue if it gets ignited under these conditions. Further, attempts to extinguish an oil fire with water can cause an extremely dangerous condition (a slopover ) as they cause

2160-481: The creation of fatbergs , overflow sewage systems, bind to the walls of sewage pipes, and interfere with sewage treatment. Waste oil from deep frying is increasingly being recycled and refined into biodiesel . The heating element in a deep fryer consumes enormous energy, electricity or otherwise. According to one source, an average home appliance deep fryer draws 2,000 watts. Potatoes that are stored in artificially humidified warehouses contain more water, which makes

2220-495: The early 20th century. In recent years, the growth of fast food has expanded the reach of deep-fried foods, especially french fries. Deep frying food is defined as a process where food is submerged in hot oil at temperatures typically between 350 °F (177 °C) and 375 °F (191 °C), but deep frying oil can reach temperatures of over 400 °F (205 °C).   One common method for preparing food for deep frying involves adding multiple layers of batter around

2280-508: The early 21st century, non-hydrogenated vegetable oils that have lifespans exceeding that of the frying shortenings became available. As fast-food chains routinely use different fats in different locations, trans fat levels in fast food can have large variations. The amount of trans fat that is formed during frying appears to increase with frying temperature, frying time, oil oxidation, and oil reuse. Some studies have found that deep frying in olive and sunflower oils has been found to be less of

2340-571: The ester linkage of triacylglycerols, resulting in mono- and diglycerols, glycerol, and free fatty acids (a type of hydrolysis reaction). The aforementioned hydrolysis reaction is enhanced by the produced fatty acids and other low molecular weight acid compounds. Overheating or over-using the frying oil leads to formation of rancid-tasting products of oxidation , polymerization , and other deleterious, unintended or even toxic compounds such as acrylamide (from starchy foods). Recent research suggests fat deterioration may be worse when fat or oil

2400-461: The first fish and chip shop in London. Modern deep frying in the United States began in the 19th century with the growing popularity of cast iron , particularly around the American South which led to the development of many modern deep-fried dishes. Doughnuts were invented in the mid-18th century, with foods such as onion rings , deep-fried turkey , and corn dogs all being invented in

2460-469: The food, such as cornmeal, flour, or tempura ; breadcrumbs may also be used. While most foods need batter coatings for protection, it is not as necessary for cooked noodles and potatoes because their high starch content enables them to hold more moisture and not shrink. Meats are sometimes cooked before deep frying to ensure that they are done inside while keeping juiciness. When performed properly, deep frying does not make food excessively greasy, because

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2520-474: The idea that burnt food causes cancer as a "myth". Additionally, fat degradation processes ( lipid peroxidation ) during deep frying results in the loss of nutritional value in deep-fried foods. Cooking oil that has been used for too long may in addition cause blood pressure elevation and vascular hypertrophy. Trans fats are used in shortenings for deep-frying in restaurants, as they can be used for longer than most conventional oils before becoming rancid. In

2580-432: The mid-1950s. This initially allowed nearby Boulder Hill to develop. The next major development arrived in the mid-1980s during the suburban homebuilding boom, which allowed houses and buildings to populate the village. The rapid growth of the village allowed its limits to expand west of the Fox River into today's boundaries. Oswego is known to some Chicago-area residents for the town dragstrip on State Route 34, which

2640-466: The moisture in the food repels the oil. The hot oil heats the water within the food, steaming it; oil cannot go against the direction of this powerful flow because (due to its high temperature) the water vapor pushes the bubbles toward the surface. As long as the oil is hot enough and the food is not immersed in the oil for too long, oil penetration will be confined to the outer surface. Foods deep-fried at proper temperatures typically absorb "no more than

2700-513: The new park, is the final phase of the downtown enhancements. In 2008, the village celebrated its 175th anniversary. The Oswego area is home to over 1,100 acres (450 ha) of open land, trails, and parks maintained by the Oswegoland Park District. Established in 1950, this governmental agency is guided to "create opportunities for a healthy community". Overseeing 63 parks, 16 miles (26 km) of walking trails, two aquatic parks, and

2760-616: The original, but still offers the original wing sauce both on wings and sold in bottles along with other menu choices. On October 1, 2014, another Anchor Bar location opened on Transit Road outside of the Eastern Hills Mall . On October 22, 2015, an Anchor Bar location opened in the Millcroft Shopping Plaza, located at Appleby Line and Upper Middle Street in Burlington, Ontario . However, this location has since rebranded as

2820-603: The poverty line. Major highway transportation corridors are: The Oswego Community Unit School District 308 serves Oswego, Boulder Hill , Montgomery , Plainfield , Aurora , Yorkville and Joliet . It operates 22 schools, including one early learning center, 14 elementary schools for grades K-5, 5 junior high schools for grades 6–8, 2 high schools, and one opportunity school . Portions of Oswego are within Yorkville Community Unit School District 115 , which operates Yorkville High School . Oswego

2880-465: The presence of moisture and air. These conditions can induce a series of complex chemical reactions which may impact the quality of both the food and the oil it is cooked in. Examples of different chemical reactions include the production of free radicals , oxidation , hydrolysis , isomerization and polymerization . The exact reactions are dependent upon factors such as the oil type, frying conditions, and food being cooked. When frying, water can attack

2940-547: The safety of frying oil. Oswego, Illinois Oswego ( / ɒ s ˈ w iː ɡ oʊ / ) is a village in Kendall and Will counties, Illinois , United States. Per the 2020 census , the population was 34,485. Oswego is the largest municipality in Kendall County. Part of the Chicago metropolitan area , it is an exurb of Chicago . In 1833, William Smith Wilson, his wife Rebecca, and his brother-in-law Daniel Pearce moved to

3000-469: The time required to deep fry them into chips longer. This increases the carbon dioxide footprint of commercially producing chips because more energy is required for frying over a longer time. The process of deep frying food is generally detrimental to its nutritional value. The oils that foods absorb in their batter typically contain large amounts of saturated fats and trans fats . Consumption of large amounts of saturated and trans fats has been linked to

3060-423: The village and named it "Hudson". However, when a post office was established, its location was given as "Lodi". Confusion over the official name of the area led to a decision in January 1837, when the citizens gathered and voted "Oswego" as the permanent name of the village by a single vote. The village was named after Oswego, New York , "Oswego" being an Iroquois word meaning "mouth of the stream". The ford across

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3120-761: The water to flash into steam due to the high heat of the oil, in turn sending the burning oil in all directions and thus aggravating the fire. This is the leading cause of house fires in the United Kingdom. Instead, oil fires must be extinguished with a class F fire extinguisher or by starving the fire of oxygen, such as can be accomplished by putting a lid back on the pan or using a fire blanket . Other means of extinguishing an oil fire include application of dry powder (e.g., baking soda , salt) or firefighting foam . Most commercial deep fryers are equipped with automatic fire suppression systems using foam. Spilled hot cooking oil can also cause severe third degree burns , In

3180-614: The worst-case scenario, severe burns can be fatal. The higher temperatures and tendency of oil to stick to the skin make spilled hot cooking oil far more dangerous than spilled hot water. Children can accidentally place their hands on top of the stove, play with the materials while being cooked, or accidentally pull the pot down, which can cause significant injury. If children are present, the utmost care should be used when deep frying so that their safety can be protected at all times. Deep frying produces large amounts of waste oil , which must be disposed of properly. Waste oil can contribute to

3240-442: Was 2,025/mi (782/km ). There were 10,388 housing units at an urban density of 668.9/mi (258.3/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 82.0% White , 5.6% African American , 0.24% Native American , 4.79% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 3.24% from other races , and 2.24% from two or more races. 17.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 9,935 households, out of which 50.3% had children under

3300-460: Was 33.9 years. As of the 2019 census, the median income for a household in the village was $ 117,624, and the median income for a family was $ 102,110. Males had a median income of $ 75,849 versus $ 56,164 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 37,839. 1.49% of the population and 1% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 1.49% of those under the age of 18 and 1.56% of those 65 and older were living below

3360-503: Was 84. Dominic, the son of Frank and Teressa, who later owned the establishment and actively promoted the bar and its wings, died in March 1991 at the age of 68. On November 20, 2018, Ivano Toscani, owner of the Anchor Bar, died from a long illness eight days before his 69th birthday. Toscani began working for the Bellissimos at the bar in the mid-1970s. On March 4, 1964, Dominic Bellissimo

3420-446: Was closed in mid-2022. The first Illinois location opened 2022 in Oswego . Deep-fried Deep frying (also referred to as deep fat frying ) is a cooking method in which food is submerged in hot fat , traditionally lard but today most commonly oil , as opposed to the shallow frying used in conventional frying done in a frying pan . Normally, a deep fryer or chip pan

3480-563: Was eaten as early as the late 2nd millennium BC in Canaan . Frying food in olive oil is attested in Classical Greece from about the 5th century BCE. The, 5th century CE, Roman cookbook Apicius offers a recipe for deep fried chicken in a cream sauce " Pullus leucozomus ". The practice of deep frying spread to other parts of Europe and America in the following centuries. Deep-fried foods such as funnel cakes arrived in northern Europe by

3540-522: Was open from 1955 until 1979, where muscle cars were raced by drivers from all over the Midwest . The drag days are still celebrated even though the strip has been closed for decades. Although evidence of the drag strip, including parts of the track, still remain, the site is off limits to the public. Oswego is located in northeastern Kendall County on the Fox River with a small portion in Will County. It

3600-640: Was tending bar. Late that evening, a group of Bellissimo's friends arrived at the bar. He asked his mother, Teressa, to prepare something for his friends to eat. With little food left, Teressa took some chicken wings, which were normally used for soups or thrown out, deep-fried them and flavored them using a mixture of butter , cayenne pepper and other ingredients on them. She brought out some cut celery and blue cheese for dipping as hors d'oeuvres . The wings were initially offered free of charge. Authentic Buffalo Wings are never battered. They are not grilled, but only deep-fried and slightly crispy. The sauce

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