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47-761: Gustaitis was born in the village of Obelinė , in Javaravas county, in the Marijampolė district. He attended high school in Yaroslavl , and from there studied at the Institute of Engineering and School of Artillery in Petrograd . After joining the Lithuanian Army in 1919, he graduated from the School of Military Aviation as a Junior Lieutenant in 1920. Later that year, he saw action in

94-536: A community active in the church's service. At the beginning, the Marian Fathers lived an eremitical rule of life as they pursued final recognition and approval by the Catholic Church. Within a short time, the new and still small institute received approval from their local ordinary, Bishop Stephen Wierzbowski of Poznan. Pope Innocent XII granted his approval for the young institute in 1699 with solemn vows under

141-464: A death sentence for the religious institute. By the year 1904, that last Marian house closed, since so few Marians remained. By 1908, only one Marian remained, Vincent Sękowski (Senkus). He was the last Superior General. All other Marians had died, or asked to leave to join the ranks of the diocesan clergy. For all appearances, the Czarist persecutions had succeeded. The Marian Fathers seemed to have come to

188-649: A fire in 1765. After the disaster, the wife of contemporary starost of Prienai, Franciska Butler, née Ščiuka, financed a new church and a monastery for the Congregation of Marian Fathers . Following the foundation of the monastery, a new town was built in the area. It was named "Maryampol", after the Blessed Virgin Mary ( Marya- ), with the Greek suffix -pol denoting a town. On 23 February 1792 King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stanisław II Augustus granted

235-564: A municipal drama theater. Marijampolė is a regional centre of light industry enterprises, construction, transport and trade. It has also become home to one of the largest second-hand car markets in Europe. Marijampolė has a strong educational system with state education institutions. The city is the seat of Marijampolė University of Applied Sciences as well as of nine pre-school institutions, six nursery schools, one primary school, 12 lower secondary schools, nine secondary schools, four gymnasiums,

282-534: A resurgence of the Marian order in Poland. The Fathers laid plans to erect an ambitious new shrine to Mary, to rival that of Czestochowa , in the village Licheń Stary , scene of a 19th-century Napoleonic soldier's devotion. The resulting basilica and visitor centre, designed by Barbara Bielecka and blessed in 1999 by John Paul II , was completed in 2004 and is said to be the largest church building in Poland. The construction

329-546: A separate powiat within the administrative system of the kingdom. In 1827 the town had 1759 inhabitants. By 1861 the number had grown to 3718, 3015 of them being Jewish. A fire consumed many wooden homes in 1868. As a result, many houses were rebuilt of stone. Following the January Uprising and the Russian suppression of the former Commonwealth lands, the powiat of Maryampol was seriously diminished. Around that time also

376-514: A youth school, an adult education center, five additional training establishments, three non-state education institutions, a music school of Christian Culture, the Gymnasium of Marijonai, and the R. Vosylienė languages school. Marijampolė has a City Council with 27 members. The members of the City Council represent different Lithuanian political parties. The Marijampolė Municipality is adjacent to

423-471: Is "Antanas Nori Būti Ore" which means Antanas wants to be in the air in Lithuanian . In 1934, he became Commander-in-Chief of the air branch, and in 1937, attained the rank of Brigadier General. He reorganized Lithuanian military aviation, forming fighter, bomber, and reconnaissance groups, and developed a system of training for pilots and their crews, and ground crews as well. After Lithuania's occupation by

470-569: Is a Catholic male clerical religious congregation founded, 1670, in Poland. It is also known as Marians of the Immaculate Conception . Its members add the post-nominal letters M.I.C. after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. The Congregation of about 500 priests and brothers has convents in 19 countries on 6 continents. Marians pledge support to the Pope and follow

517-633: Is an agricultural area, 12.3% is covered by forests; 4.2% – towns and villages, 2% – industrial enterprises and roads, and 6.9% – area used for other purposes. Marijampolė is twinned with: Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception The Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary ( Latin : Congregatio Clericorum Marianorum ab Immaculata Conceptionis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae )

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564-570: The Antanas Gustaitis Aviation Institute was named after him. Marijampol%C4%97 Marijampolė ( pronunciation ; also known by several other names ) is the capital of the Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania , bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , and Lake Vištytis . The city's population stood at approximately 48,700 in 2003. It is the cultural centre and largest settlement of

611-490: The European route E28 , which runs between Berlin , Germany, and Minsk , Belarus. Marijampolė is connected to its partners by business, sport, education, tourism, and other ties. Marijampolė's local means of mass media include a local television station, a local radio station, the newspapers "Marijampolės laikraštis", "Suvalkietis", "TV savaitė", "Sugrįžimai", and magazine "Suvalkija". Culturally, Marijampolė enjoys one cinema and

658-538: The Lithuanian SSR renamed the town "Kapsukas" after a Lithuanian Communist politician Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas . The old name was restored in 1989, the year before Lithuania declared its independence from the Soviet Union. Marijampolė has been the administrative centre of the county since 1994. In 2018, in the 100th anniversary of the restoration of the independence of Lithuania , the city of Marijampolė became

705-614: The Polish-Lithuanian War . By 1922 he began to train pilots, and later became the head of the training squadron. He also oversaw the construction of aircraft for Lithuania in Italy and Czechoslovakia . Gustaitis was one of the founding members of the Aero Club of Lithuania, and later its Vice-President. He did much to promote aviation among the young people in Lithuania, especially concerning

752-548: The Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Lithuanian Army , he was a lecturer at Vytautas Magnus University , but fearing arrest he attempted to flee to Germany in 1941. He was caught attempting to cross the border on 4 March, arrested, and taken to Moscow , where he was shot on 16 October of that year. Following the restoration of Lithuanian independence he was commemorated by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University when

799-666: The Vilkaviškis District Municipality in the west, Kazlų Rūda Municipality in the north, Kalvarija Municipality in the south, and the Prienai District Municipality and Alytus District Municipality in the east. The town of Marijampolė and its six surrounding communities make up the territory of Marijampolė Municipality. They are: Gudeliai, Igliauka, Liudvinavas, Marijampolė, Sasnava, and Šunskai communities. Marijampolė Municipality covers 755 square kilometres (292 sq mi) of land; 72% of which

846-467: The historical region of Suvalkija (Sudovia). Marijampolė is the seventh-largest city in Lithuania, and has been a regional center since 1994. The city covers an area equal to 205.07 square kilometres (79.18 sq mi). The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts which are connected by six bridges. The city has also been known as Marijampolis, Mariampol, Starapole, Pašešupiai, Marjampol, Mariyampole, and Kapsukas (1955–1989). The settlement

893-517: The "townlet of Mariampol" with Magdeburg Law and a privilege of market organisation. Following the Partitions of Poland the town was briefly part of Prussia . However, after the Napoleonic Wars it was transferred to Congress Poland ("Russian Poland"). In the 19th century the town continued to grow, mostly thanks to a large number of Jewish and German settlers. In 1817 the town became the seat of

940-708: The European political situation by the end of the 18th and through 19th century led to the near destruction of the institute. With the complete failure of the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1795, Poland lost its independence. Now the Marian Fathers found themselves divided by virtually sealed borders. The partitioning of the Polish Republic was decreed by the occupying armies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Again, in 1798, after Napoleon seized Rome, he mandated that all foreigners be expelled from its borders. The exodus included

987-623: The French Rule of the Ten Virtues of the Blessed Virgin Mary, initially placing them within the Franciscans . With the death of the founder in 1701, however, the Marian Fathers found themselves in a critical period of transition. Internal factions divided the membership into one group favoring a strictly contemplative life, and a second group seeking to add missionary and pastoral outreach to

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1034-545: The Holy See and was not to be promoted, the order preached on the scriptural foundations of Divine Mercy, without reference to the revelations to Faustina. Between 1950 and 1986 the Marian Fathers operated two boarding schools in England, at Lower Bullingham near Hereford and the second, Divine Mercy College , at Fawley Court , Buckinghamhire , (north of Henley-on-Thames ). Though intended for boys of Polish origin, in particular

1081-542: The Marian Fathers and other institutes. One of the most famous Marians in the 19th century was Christopher Szwernicki . In 1852, he was exiled to Irkutsk , where he built the church and an orphanage for the deportees’ children. In 1888 he was titled "Apostle of Siberia" by Pope Leo XIII . By 1865, the Russian occupying forces allowed only one Marian monastery to remain open in Marijampole , Lithuania. All Marians were sent to Marijampole. Such rulings were nothing less than

1128-525: The Marian Fathers removed from their monastery and Rome's St. Vitus Church. In 1834, the Portuguese government became hostile toward all religious, and finally closed all Marian monasteries in that nation. In Eastern Europe following the Vienna Congress of 1815, most of the Marian monasteries found themselves in the newly created Kingdom of Poland , which was part of Imperial Russia, whose Czarist regime

1175-513: The Marian Fathers' way of life, adapting it to the new conditions and needs of modern times. Although it is now an international organization, the Marians still have strong roots in Poland, (e.g. the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Licheń ) and place a great deal of emphasis on spreading the messages of Divine Mercy of Faustina Kowalska . Between 1959-78 when this particular devotion was under an interdict by

1222-410: The Marian institute with the intention of saving it from disappearing into history, along with all its promise for God's work. They had to become Marians in secret in order to thwart Imperial Russian authorities, who continued to persecute the church. Matulaitis made his vows and was accepted into the Marian institute by Sękowski, and in the same year, 1909, Francis Peter Bucys became the first novice of

1269-804: The children of the 100,000+ Poles who found exile in Britain after the Second World War, a proportion of the boys accepted were non-Poles. In 1987, the Marians distributed the film Divine Mercy: No Escape , which depicted the life of Maria Faustina Kowalska and featured a presentation by Pope John Paul II . In 1996 the priests Seraphim Michalenko and George Kosicki formed the John Paul II Institute of Divine Mercy to provide instruction in Divine Mercy theology and spirituality to both parish leaders and clergy. At its inception, Pope John Paul II entrusted

1316-606: The cultural capital of Lithuania. The Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel synagogue in Chicago was founded by immigrants from Marijampolė. Other Jewish migrants from Marijampolė settled in Manchester and Leeds , United Kingdom. Marijampolė is accessible by railway via the Kaunas-Šeštokai-Alytus line. The town is located at the crossroads of two major highways: The Via Baltica connects Helsinki with Central and Southern Europe, and

1363-629: The desire to establish a community of men dedicated to spreading the honor to the Immacuate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1673, in Puszcza Korabiewska (today known as Puszcza Marianska /Marian Forest) near Skierniewice, Poland, the first religious house of the Marians was approved by the local bishop. The first members of the community based their life on the Rule of Life , written by Papczyński. He tempered his plans at first to establish

1410-611: The end of the line. At this critical moment in the history of the Marian institute, an ardent and energetic Lithuanian priest came to visit Sękowski, with the aim of secretly renewing it. The priest was George Matulaitis-Matulewicz , and at that time he was a professor at the Academy of Theology in St. Petersburg, Russia. Matulaitis had a profound understanding of the contributions and significance of religious life to society, although Catholic monasteries were being suppressed at that time. He believed it

1457-407: The first years of Soviet occupation in 1944–1953 Soviet deportations from Lithuania to Siberian gulags included somewhere between 5,000 and 6,000 Lithuanians from Marijampolė county. In late postwar years the city was rebuilt and repopulated with inhabitants from other parts of Lithuania. About 98% of Marijampolė's inhabitants are ethnic Lithuanians. On 9 April 1955 Communist authorities of

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1504-693: The institute could continue to flourish without interference from the Imperial government, the secret Marian novitiate and house of studies were transferred from St. Petersburg in Russia to Fribourg in Switzerland. From this time on, the Marian Fathers began to experience consistent growth. In 1927, the year when Archbishop George Matulaitis-Matulewicz died, the congregation had grown to around 300 members (among them George Kaszyra and Anthony Leszczewicz , Eugene Kulesza , and Janis Mendriks ). Bucys succeeded Matulaitis as

1551-455: The institute from the jurisdiction of local bishops. In 1723, Pope Innocent XIII approved the Marian statutes and released the institute from the interference of local bishops. The rest of 18th century was marked by steady growth as the Marians expanded from Poland to Portugal and Italy thanks to the efforts of two outstanding Superiors General of the institute: Casimir Wyszyński (1700–1755) and Raymond Nowicki (1735–1801). Rapid changes in

1598-427: The institute on its way to renewed life. Matulaitis wrote the renewed institute's constitutions, inspired by the spirit of Stanislaus Papczyński and the desire to adapt his ideals to modern times. The new constitutions and revived form of Marian life were approved by Pope Pius X in 1910. Sękowski, who was the last of the "White Marians", lived on for five months after papal approval for Marian renewal. To assure that

1645-637: The institute with the task of providing "formation and research in The Divine Mercy message". Their role in spreading the Divine Mercy message was acknowledged by Pope John Paul II in a special papal blessing in 2001, the 70th anniversary of the revelation of the Divine Mercy Message and Devotion. With a Polish Pope in the chair of St. Peter and the Fall of the Berlin Wall , the circumstances were ripe for

1692-414: The institute's contemplative spirit. The period known as the "Rostkowski Dispersion" followed, fired by internal conflict, as well as the negative attitude expressed by some bishops and lay dignitaries. In 1716, Bishop Adam Rostkowski decided to close the Marian novitiate, instructing Marians to leave the monastery and move out to assume pastoral work in parishes. In 1722, Bishop John Tarlo of Poznan called

1739-567: The monastery gained prominence as it was the only monastery owned by the Marians that was not closed down by the tsarist authorities. As the surroundings of the town were primarily inhabited by Lithuanians, the town became the centre of the Lithuanian national revival. The proximity of the Prussian border made the smuggling of books in Lithuanian language , banned in Imperial Russia, easier. Among

1786-504: The most notable Lithuanian scholars and writers active in Mariampol at that time were Kazys Grinius , Jonas Jablonskis and Vincas Kudirka . Following World War I the town became part of Lithuania and was renamed to its current name Marijampolė. During World War II Marijampolė was occupied by the Soviet Union . During 1940–1941 Soviet authorities deported several hundred inhabitants of Marijampolė. In 1941 Nazi Germany occupied

1833-515: The official teachings of the Catholic Church and aim to spread devotion to Blessed Virgin Mary as the Immaculate Conception , pray for the souls in purgatory and undertake a variety of apostolic work. The Marians were the first Catholic religious institute for men dedicated to honor Mary’s Immaculate Conception. The community traces its roots to Stanislaus of Jesus and Mary Papczyński who

1880-427: The scattered Marians back to their monasteries, and convened a general chapter. The man elected to serve as Superior General was Andrew of St. Matthew Deszpot , a Czech originally received into the institute by the founder Papczyński. At the same chapter, a general procurator was chosen, Joachim of St. Ann Kozłowski . He was given the mission of going to Rome to have the institute's constitutions confirmed, and to remove

1927-823: The sport of gliding . He also won the Lithuanian Chess Championship in 1922. Between 1925 and 1928, Gustaitis studied aeronautical engineering in Paris . After his graduation he returned to Lithuania, and was promoted to deputy Commander-in-Chief of Military Aviation and made chief of the Aviation Workshop ( Karo Aviacijos Tiekimo Skyrius ) in Kaunas . During this time, he reorganized the workshop and expanded its capability to repair aircraft as well. The aircraft he designed were named ANBO , an acronym for " Antanas Bronė", his and his wife's first names. A common misconception

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1974-504: The superior general of the renovated congregation. Thanks to Matulaitis's reforms, the Marian Fathers became a modern religious congregation. Yet Matulaitis did not change the main ideals of the religious community, such as spreading devotion to the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and supplication for the souls suffering in Purgatory. However, he did expand the field of the Marian apostolate and introduced significant changes into

2021-493: The town. On 1 September 1941, between 5,000 and 8,000 Jews from Marijampolė, Kalvarija and elsewhere, along with people from other backgrounds, were murdered. Their bodies were placed in mass graves near the Šešupė River. Most of the murderers were Lithuanian. In the war the town was heavily damaged and almost emptied. On July 31, 1944 Soviet army once again entered the city. The following year its counter-intelligence SMERSH repressed about 500 people from Marijampolė. During

2068-581: Was beatified in Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń , Licheń Stary , Poland , in 2007, and canonized on 5 June 2016 at Saint Peter's Square in Vatican City by Pope Francis . As an Institute of consecrated life , their motto is Pro Christo et Ecclesia . They are also the official promoters of the Divine Mercy message since 1941. On December 11, 1670, Stanislaus Papczyński publicly announced in his Oblatio

2115-401: Was founded as a village called "Pašešupė", after the nearby river of Šešupė. As such the town was first mentioned in 1667. In the 18th century the village, at that time belonging to the Catholic Church, grew to become a market town and its name was changed to Starpol or "Staropole", after a new village built for Prienai starost 's guards in the vicinity in 1739. The settlement was destroyed by

2162-442: Was important to do whatever needed to be done to revive Catholic religious life in the lands dominated by Imperial Russia. As a youth, he had been brought up in a village where the Marian Fathers staffed the local parish. The experience had left him with a lifelong respect and admiration for the Marian Fathers. And so Matulaitis, along with his friend Francis-Peter Bucys , who had also grown up with Marian religious influence, entered

2209-500: Was openly hostile to the Catholic Church. The defeat of two Polish national uprisings against Czarist Russia , one in November 1830, and another in January 1863, meant repression for religious institutes in Poland. The Czarist regime prohibited the acceptance of new candidates to the religious life, effectively stamping out the normal process of growth in vocations to the religious life for

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