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85-465: This part of Amsterdam was built roughly between the end of the 19th century and 1960. In 2013, the borough had approximately 142,700 inhabitants. With about 14,000 inhabitants per km, West is also the most densely populated borough of Amsterdam. The borough of Amsterdam-West consists primarily of the pre- World War II part of Amsterdam to the west of the Singelgracht . The western expansion beyond

170-562: A book in which discussed in detail how she had taken part in the Iranian Revolution , because this information was already known by the party board this did not lead to any upheaval. In November 2005, the party board asked Senator Sam Pormes to give up his seat. Continuing rumours about his involvement with guerrilla-training in Yemen in the 1970s and the 1977 train hijacking by Moluccan youth and allegations of welfare fraud were harmful for

255-416: A dual lead candidacy did not communicate well to the voters. GroenLinks lost one seat, leaving only five. Yet in the same election, the centre-left Labour Party also lost a lot of seats. After the disappointing elections, Brouwer left parliament. She was replaced as party leader by Paul Rosenmöller and her seat was taken by Tara Singh Varma . The charismatic Rosenmöller became the "unofficial leader" of

340-428: A job or education. If at the end of the year one should not succeed in finding a job, the government will offer one a job for the minimum wage . In order to create more employment, they want to implement the green tax shift which will lower taxes on lower paid labour. This would be compensated by higher taxes on pollution. In order to increase prospects for the underprivileged, it wants to invest in education, especially

425-527: A merger with that party; they participated in the 2023 Dutch Senate election as one. GroenLinks and the Labour Party announced in 2023 that they would also participate as one, GroenLinks–PvdA , in the general elections of 2023 , as members of both parties voted in favour of an alliance. The party combines green and left-wing ideals. The core ideals of GroenLinks are codified in the party's programme of principles (called Partij voor de Toekomst , "Party for

510-493: A motion "We want to choose". They wanted a serious choice for such an important office. The party's board announced a new electoral procedure. During the congress Kathalijne Buitenweg , an MEP and candidate, announced wish to be considered for the position of top candidate. She narrowly won the elections from Lagendijk. This came as a great surprise to all. Especially for Buitenweg who had not written an acceptance speech and read out Lagendijk's. In May 2005, MP Farah Karimi wrote

595-411: A new lead candidate for the 2009 European elections . There were five candidates for this position: Amsterdam city councillor Judith Sargentini , former MEP Alexander de Roo , senator Tineke Strik , environmental researcher Bas Eickhout and Niels van den Berge assistant of MEP Buitenweg. In an internal referendum Sargentini was elected. The party congress put Eickhout on a second position on

680-527: A peace force, with the functions of NATO to be taken over by the European Union and the United Nations. GroenLinks wants to solve environmental problems, especially climate change , by stimulating durable alternatives. The party wants to use taxes and emissions trading to stimulate alternative energy as an alternative to both fossil fuel and nuclear plants . It wants to close all nuclear plants in

765-554: A political talent who had left the Labour Party for GroenLinks in 1997. The party began to speculate openly about joining government after the elections of 2002. The 1999 Kosovo War divided the party internally. The parliamentary party in the House of Representatives supported the NATO intervention, while the Senate parliamentary party was against the intervention. Several former PSP members within

850-409: A progressive Christian party, and the progressive Christian Evangelical People's Party . These four parties were frequently classified as "small left"; to indicate their marginal existence. In the 1972 general election , these parties won sixteen seats (out of 150); in the 1977 general election , they only won six. From that moment on, members and voters began to argue for close cooperation. From

935-666: A split in the CPN; and the subsequent founding of the League of Communists in the Netherlands in 1982. In 1983, a group of "deep" Greens split from the PPR to found The Greens . The CPN and the PPR wanted to form an electoral alliance with the PSP for the 1986 elections. This led to a crisis within the PSP, in which chair of the parliamentary party ( Fractievoorzitter ) Fred van der Spek , who opposed cooperation,

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1020-511: Is 1 urban area ( stadsgebied ) Weesp . Weesp merged with Amsterdam in 2022. It is located to the east of Zuidoost . GroenLinks GroenLinks ( Dutch pronunciation: [ɣrunˈlɪŋks] , lit.   ' GreenLeft ' ) is a green political party in the Netherlands . It was formed on 1 March 1989 from the merger of four left-wing parties: the Communist Party of

1105-483: Is able to stop working earlier than if one starts working when one is older. Receiving unemployment or disability benefits is counted as work, as is caring for children or family members. The system of mortgage interest deductions should be abolished over a forty-year period. International cooperation is an important theme for the party. This includes development cooperation with underdeveloped countries. GroenLinks wants to increase spending on development aid to 0.8% of

1190-511: Is an undogmatic party. The election manifesto for the 2010 elections was adopted in April of that year. It was titled Klaar voor de Toekomst ("Prepared for the Future"). The manifesto emphasises international cooperation, welfare state reform, environmental policy and social tolerance. GroenLinks considers itself a " social reform party", which aims to reform the government finances and increase

1275-636: Is critical about the current policies of the European Commission . It favoured the European Constitution , but after it was voted down in the 2005 referendum , GroenLinks advocated a new treaty which emphasised democracy and subsidiarity . The party is critical about the war on terror . It wants to strengthen the peacekeeping powers of the United Nations and reform the Dutch armed forces into

1360-456: Is the freedom of citizens from government influence; she applies this concept especially to the multicultural society and the rechtsstaat , where the government should protect the rights of citizens and not limit them. Positive freedom is the emancipation of citizens from poverty and discrimination. Halsema wants to apply this concept to welfare state and the environment where government should take more action. According to Halsema, GroenLinks

1445-461: The 1994 European elections , he would run unsuccessfully as top candidate of The Greens . In 1992, party leader Ria Beckers left the House of Representatives because she wanted more private time. Peter Lankhorst replaced her as chair ad interim, but he announced that he would not take part in the internal elections. Before the general election of 1994 , GroenLinks organised an internal election on

1530-523: The 2006 Dutch municipal election , the party stayed relatively stable, losing only a few seats. After the elections GroenLinks took part in 75 local executives, including Amsterdam where MP Marijke Vos became an alderwoman. In preparation of the 2006 general election the party held a congress in October. It elected Halsema, again the only candidate, as the party's top candidate. MEP Kathalijne Buitenweg and comedian Vincent Bijlo were last candidates . In

1615-580: The 2017 general election . The party entered coalition talks with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy , the Christian Democratic Appeal and Democrats 66 , but the talks failed after Klaver demanded more refugees to be accepted. GroenLinks lost the 2021 general election , and combined with the Labour Party during the subsequent government formation . There have been discussions about

1700-650: The 2023 general election with a joint candidate list, and currently have a joint parliamentary group of 25 seats. Despite the fact that the two participate separately participate in a European Political Group, Groenlinks as a member of Greens–European Free Alliance and PvdA as a member of the Party of European Socialists , the parties campaigned together as GroenLinks-PvdA for the 2024 European Parliament election . GroenLinks describes itself as " green ", " social " and " tolerant ". The party's voters are concentrated in larger cities, particularly in college towns . GroenLinks

1785-629: The Christian Democratic Appeal , the largest party of the Dutch centre-right . During its period in parliament, 1982–1986, it had trouble positioning itself between the small left parties (PSP, PPR and CPN), the PvdA and the CDA. The increasingly close cooperation between PPR, PSP, CPN and EVP, and the ideological change that accompanied it was not without internal dissent within the parties. The ideological change that CPN made from official communism to ' reformism ' led to

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1870-400: The Communist Party of the Netherlands from the socialist and communist traditions. Over the course of the 1970s and 1980s, the parties had come to embrace environmentalism and feminism ; they all favoured democratisation of society and had opposed the creation of new nuclear plants and the placement of new nuclear weapons in the Netherlands . Halsema, the former political leader of

1955-520: The Constitution . GroenLinks values individual freedom and the rule of law . The party wants to legalise soft drugs . It wants to protect civil rights on the Internet by extending constitutional protection for free communication to email and other modern technologies. It also favours a reform of copyright to allow non-commercial reproduction and the use of open-source software in the public sector. In

2040-466: The Netherlands for at least three consecutive years, are eligible to vote for the district committee of the Amsterdam borough in which they live according to the city's civil register. Each district committee elects three of its members to form an executive committee ( dagelijks bestuur ). The district committees' jurisdiction is determined by the central municipal council . Responsibilities delegated to

2125-492: The New Communist Party in the same year. In 1991, the congresses of the four founding parties (PSP, PPR, CPN and EVP) decided to officially abolish their parties. GroenLinks had considerable problems formulating its own ideology. In 1990, the attempt to write the first manifesto of principles failed because of the difference between socialists and communists on the one side and the more liberal former PPR members on

2210-589: The States General of the Netherlands adopted a revision of the Municipalities Act abolishing submunicipalities as a form of government. Since the 2014 municipal elections , therefore, the Amsterdam district councils have ceased to exist. Under a municipal ordinance , however, they were replaced by smaller, but still directly elected district committees ( bestuurscommissies ). All Dutch nationals, all EU nationals, as well as non-EU nationals who have lived in

2295-446: The borough of Amsterdam-Zuid . North of these Plan West neighborhoods, the Bos en Lommer neighborhood was constructed the 1930s and 1940s. In 2007, this neighborhood was marked aandachtswijk (disadvantaged neighborhood) by minister for housing Ella Vogelaar which made national urban renewal funds and programmes available to the area. The city of Amsterdam subsequently decided to apply

2380-612: The gross national product . It wants to open the European markets to goods from Third World countries, under conditions of fair trade . In order to ensure free and fair trade, it wants to increase and democratise international economic organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank . The party also favours greater international control over financial markets. GroenLinks favours European integration , but

2465-462: The pacifism of some of its predecessors: GroenLinks would support peacekeeping missions as long as they were mandated by the United Nations . In the fall of 1990, MEP Verbeek announced that he would not, as he had promised, leave the European Parliament after two-and-a-half years to make room for a new candidate. He would continue as an independent and remain in parliament until 1994. In

2550-453: The principles of her party . She emphasised individual freedom, tolerance , self-realisation and emancipation . In one interview she called her party "the last liberal party of the Netherlands" This led to considerable attention of media and other observers, which speculated about an ideological change. In 2005 the party's scientific bureau published the book "Vrijheid als Ideaal" ("Freedom as Ideal") in which prominent opinion-makers explored

2635-420: The vmbo (middle-level vocational education). In order to ensure that migrants have a better chance for jobs, it wants to deal firmly with discrimination, especially on the labour market . The party wants to decrease income differences by making child benefits . The party favours reform of government pensions : after 45 years of employment, one should get the right to a pension. If one starts working young, one

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2720-415: The "submunicipalities decide, unless" principle. The submunicipalities were governed by a directly elected district council ( deelraad ) as well as a separate district executive board, the members of which were appointed and controlled by the council. The central municipal authorities retained some power, especially in the areas of public order (police), budget, public transport and social security. In 2013,

2805-569: The 17th-century Amsterdam canal belt started in the last quarter of the 19th century. The first neighborhoods to be built were Spaarndammerbuurt , parts of Zeeheldenbuurt , Staatsliedenbuurt , Kinkerbuurt and Overtoombuurt . These neighborhoods are characterised by revolutiebouw (literally: 'revolution architecture'): quickly and cheaply constructed 19th-century apartment blocks for worker's and middle-class families once considered of substandard quality, but currently in high demand for their charming, urban outlook. Neighbouring areas constructed in

2890-544: The 1980s onwards, the four parties started to cooperate in municipal and provincial elections. As fewer seats are available in these representations, a higher percentage of votes is required to gain a seat. In the 1984 European election , the PPR, CPN and PSP formed the Green Progressive Accord that entered as one into the European elections . They gained one seat, which rotated between the PSP and PPR. Party-members of

2975-497: The 1990 elections separately, the pressure to cooperate increased. In 1989, the PPR, CPN and PSP entered the 1989 European Parliament election with a single list, called the Rainbow . Joost Lagendijk and Leo Platvoet , both PSP party board members, initiated an internal referendum in which the members of the PSP declared to support leftwing cooperation (70% in favour; 64% of all members voting). Their initiative for left-wing cooperation

3060-469: The 1998 elections. Before the 2003 general election Rosenmöller left parliament, citing the ongoing threats against his life and those of his family as the main reason. He was replaced as chair of the parliamentary party and top candidate by Femke Halsema . She was unable to keep ten seats and lost two. In 2003, GroenLinks almost unanimously turned against the Iraq War . It took part in the protests against

3145-497: The 2006 elections the party lost one seat. In the subsequent cabinet formation , an initial exploratory round among the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Labour Party (PvdA) and Socialist Party (SP) failed, Halsema announced that GroenLinks would not be involved in further discussion at that point in time, as the party lost, was too small, and had less in common with CDA than the SP had. Following this decision an internal debate about

3230-418: The 2018-2022 district committees include parks and recreation, streets and squares, refuse collection, permits and events, preparation of zoning plans, passports and drivers licenses, and welfare work. As the new district committees depend on powers being delegated by the central municipal council, their position is far less autonomous than their predecessors. Instead, the district committees are considered to be

3315-478: The Amsterdam boroughs had the status of submunicipalities ( deelgemeenten ), a form of government which existed only in Amsterdam and Rotterdam . Westpoort , however, was governed by the central municipal authorities and therefore not a submunicipality. The submunicipalities were recognised under the Dutch Municipalities Act and enjoyed far-going autonomy, with the central municipal authorities abiding to

3400-588: The Future"). The party places itself in the freedom-loving tradition of the left. Its principles include: The party's principles reflect the ideological convergence between the four founding parties which came from different ideological traditions: the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party , from a progressive Christian tradition; and the Pacifist Socialist Party and

3485-453: The House of Representatives parliamentary party began to openly speak out their doubts about the intervention. A compromise was found: GroenLinks would support the intervention as long as it limited itself to military targets. Prominent members of the founding parties including Marcus Bakker and Joop Vogt left the party over this issue. In February 2001, Roel van Duijn and a few former members of The Greens joined GroenLinks. In 2001,

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3570-455: The Ministry of Economic Affairs in order to steal plans for nuclear power plants. This led to his resignation on 14 August, after media reported that the burglary also led to threats against civil servants . He was replaced by Jolande Sap . In 2008, MEPs Joost Lagendijk and Kathalijne Buitenweg announced that they would not seek a new term in the European Parliament. The party had to elect

3655-425: The Netherlands , the Pacifist Socialist Party , the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party , which shared left-wing and progressive ideals and had previously co-operated in the Rainbow coalition for the 1989 European Parliament election . After disappointing results in the 1989 and 1994 general elections , the nascent party fared particularly well in the 1998 and 2002 elections under

3740-588: The Netherlands and impose a tax on the use of coal in energy production, in order to discourage the building of new coal-based power plants. Moreover, it wants to stimulate energy saving . It wants to invest in clean public transport , as an alternative to private transport. Investments in public transport can be financed by not expanding highways and imposing tolls on the use of roads (called rekeningrijden ). The party wants to stimulate organic farming through taxes as an alternative to industrial agriculture . Moreover, GroenLinks wants to codify animal rights in

3825-473: The announcement that elections would be held in the autumn of that year. This time the EVP was included in the discussion. The PPR was represented for a short while by an informal delegation led by former chair Wim de Boer , because the party board did not want to be seen re-entering the negotiations it had left only a short while earlier. In the summer of 1989, the party congresses of all four parties accepted to enter

3910-663: The early twentieth century such as Frederik Hendrikbuurt , which borders the Frederik Hendrikplantsoen park tend to be less densely populated and are characterised by the Amsterdam School of architecture contemporary with Art Nouveau and designed to create a total architectural experience, interior and exterior. Between 1990 and 2010, these neighborhoods formed the boroughs of Westerpark and Oud-West . Between 1920 and 1940, further urban expansion projects known as Plan West were carried out in western direction on

3995-566: The election and participated in the formation talks of a Green/ Purple government . Halsema resigned as party leader when these talks failed and was succeeded by Jolande Sap . In the 2012 general election , GroenLinks lost six seats and was left with four out of 150 seats. Following the disappointing result, Sap was forced to resign as party leader and was succeeded by Bram van Ojik , who in turn handed his position to Jesse Klaver in 2015. Under Klaver's leadership, GroenLinks gradually rose in polls before climbing to an all-time high of 14 seats in

4080-428: The elections with a shared programme and list of candidates. Additionally, the association GroenLinks (Dutch: Vereniging GroenLinks ; VGL) was set up to allow sympathisers, not member of any of the four parties to join. Meanwhile, the European elections of 1989 were held, in which the same group of parties had entered as a single list under the name " Rainbow ". In practice, the merger of the parties had now happened and

4165-575: The following neighborhoods and areas: In the former borough of Westerpark : In Oud-West : In De Baarsjes : In the former borough of Bos en Lommer : Boroughs of Amsterdam The boroughs of Amsterdam ( Dutch : stadsdelen ; lit. "city parts") are the seven principal subdivisions of the municipality of Amsterdam , Netherlands . Each borough is governed by a directly elected district committee ( bestuurscommissie ). The first Amsterdam boroughs were created in 1981, with other boroughs created in later years. The last area to be granted

4250-420: The four parties also encountered each other in grassroots extraparliamentary protest against nuclear energy and nuclear weapons . More than 80% of the members of the PSP, CPN and PPR attended at least one of the two mass protests against the placement of nuclear weapons , which took place in 1981 and 1983. The Evangelical People's Party was a relatively new party, founded in 1981, as a splinter group from

4335-399: The fourth place. In the elections, the party doubled its seats in comparison to 1986 (from three to six), but the expectations had been much higher. In the 1990 municipal elections, the party fared much better, strengthening the resolve to cooperate. In the period 1989–1991, the merger developed further. A board was organised for the party-in-foundation and also a 'GroenLinks Council', which

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4420-459: The government (who controlled their subsidies) they did merge to form DWARS . In 1990, some opposition formed against the moderate, green course of GroenLinks. Several former PSP members united in the "Left Forum" in 1992 – they would leave the party to join former PSP-leader Van der Spek to found the PSP'92 . Similarly, former members of the CPN joined the League of Communists in the Netherlands to found

4505-552: The integrity of former MP Tara Singh Varma came into doubt: it was revealed that she had lied about her illness and that she had made promises to development organisations which she did not fulfill. In 2000, she had left parliament because as she claimed, she had only a few months to live before she would die of cancer. The TROS program "Opgelicht" (In English "Framed") revealed that she had lied and that she did not have cancer. Later, she apologised on public television and claimed she suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder . In

4590-527: The leadership of Paul Rosenmöller , who came to be seen as the unofficial Leader of the Opposition against the first Kok cabinet , a purple government . The party's number of seats fell from 10 to 4 seats in the 2012 election , before increasing to 14 in 2017 and falling back to 8 in 2021 . After the 2021 general election, the party intensified cooperation with the Labour Party (PvdA) in an alliance called GroenLinks–PvdA . The two parties participated in

4675-529: The list. On 18 April 2010, the party congress composed the list of candidates for the 2010 general election . Two sitting MPs Ineke van Gent and Femke Halsema were granted dispensation to stand for a fourth term. Halsema was re-elected as party leader. Van Gent was put as fifth on the party list. All of the first five candidates were sitting MPs and four were women. Their other high newcomers were former Greenpeace director Liesbeth van Tongeren and chairman of CNV youth Jesse Klaver . The party won 10 seats in

4760-402: The local 'eyes and ears' of the central municipal authorities, carrying out their delegated powers within the frameworks determined by the municipal council and the college van burgemeester en wethouders . Since 2010, there are 7 boroughs ( stadsdelen ). Westpoort ( West Gateway ) is not a borough, because it has a low population and it is directly governed by the municipality. There

4845-464: The long term, it seeks to abolish the monarchy and create a republic . It also favours a reduction of the size of the government bureaucracy, for instance by decreasing the number of Dutch ministries and abolishing the Senate . Finally, GroenLinks favours liberal immigration and asylum policies. It wants to empower victims of human trafficking by giving them a residence permit and it wants to abolish

4930-586: The new political space and the position of the left within that space. During the congress of February 2007 the party board was ordered to organise a party-wide discussion about the party's principles. During the European Elections congress of 2004, the candidacy committee proposed that the chair of the GroenLinks delegation, Joost Lagendijk , should become the party's lead candidate in those elections. A group of members, led by Senator Leo Platvoet submitted

5015-551: The opposition against the first Kok cabinet because the largest opposition party, the Christian Democratic Appeal , was unable to adapt well to its new role as opposition party. Rosenmöller set out a new strategy: GroenLinks should offer alternatives instead of only rejecting the proposals made by the government. In the 1998 general election , GroenLinks more than doubled its seats to eleven. The charisma of "unofficial leader" Rosenmöller played an important role in this. Many new faces entered parliament, including Femke Halsema ,

5100-465: The other side. The second manifesto of principles – which was not allowed to be called that – was adopted after a lengthy debate and many amendments in 1991. Although the party was internally divided, the GroenLinks parliamentary party was the only party in the Dutch parliament which opposed the Gulf War . A debate within the party about the role military intervention led to a more-nuanced standpoint than

5185-419: The parliamentary party changed its position: the attacks should be cancelled. The 2002 general election was characterised by changes in the political climate. The right-wing populist political commentator Pim Fortuyn entered into politics. He had an anti-establishment message, combined with a call for restrictions on immigration . Although his critique was oriented at the second Kok cabinet , Rosenmöller

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5270-407: The party GroenLinks was officially founded on 24 November 1990. In the 1989 elections , the PPR, PSP, CPN and EVP entered in the elections with one single list called Groen Links. In the Netherlands, parties usually participate in the elections with one list for the whole country. The candidates on top of the list get the priority for the distribution of seats won. The GroenLinks list of candidates

5355-474: The party board has set up a commission led by former MP and chair of the PPR Bram van Ojik . They looked into the lost series of elections. In the summer of 2007 another committee was formed to organise a larger debate about the course of the party's principles, organisation and strategy. Van Ojik also led this committee. The committee implemented a motion already adopted by the party's congress in 2006 to re-evaluate

5440-709: The party does not want to defend the current welfare state – which the party calls "powerless", because it merely offers the worst-off a benefit rather than prospects for work. The party wants to reform the Dutch welfare state so it will benefit "outsiders" – those who have been excluded from the welfare state until now. To increase employment, the GroenLinks proposes a participation contract, where unemployment recipients sign an agreement with their local council to become involved in volunteer work, schooling, or work experience projects – for which they get paid minimum wage. The unemployment benefit should be increased and limited to one year. In this period, people would have to look for

5525-614: The party's political leadership. Two duos entered: Ina Brouwer (former CPN) combined with Mohammed Rabbae (independent), while Paul Rosenmöller (independent) formed a combination with Leoni Sipkes (former PSP); there were also five individual candidates, including Wim de Boer (former chair of the PPR and member of the Senate ), Herman Meijer (former CPN, future chair of the party) and Ineke van Gent (former PSP and future MP). Some candidates ran in duos because they wanted to combine family life with politics. Brouwer, Rosenmöller and Sipkes already were MPs for GroenLinks, whilst Rabbae

5610-410: The party's principle in light of the party's course started by Halsema in 2004. Over the course of 2007 and 2008 the committee organised an internal debate about the party's principles, organisation and strategy. In November 2008 this led to the adoption of a new manifesto of principles. In August 2008, GroenLinks parliamentarian Wijnand Duyvendak published a book in which he admitted to a burglary of

5695-449: The party, has started a debate about the ideological course of GroenLinks. She emphasised the freedom-loving tradition of the left and chose freedom as a key value. Her course is called left-liberal by herself and observers, although Halsema herself claims that she does not want to force an ideological change. Following Isaiah Berlin , Halsema distinguishes between positive and negative freedom . According to Halsema, negative freedom

5780-467: The party, or at least so the party board claimed. When Pormes refused to step down, the party board threatened to expel him. Pormes fought this decision. The party council of March 2006 sided with Pormes. Party chair Herman Meijer felt forced to resign. He was succeeded by Henk Nijhof who was chosen by the party council in May 2006. In November 2006 Pormes left the Senate, he was replaced by Goos Minderman . In

5865-510: The political course and the leadership of Halsema re-erupted. The debate does not just concern the series of lost elections and the decision not to participate in the formation talks, but also the elitist image of the party, the new liberal course, initiated by Halsema, and the lack of party democracy. Since the last weeks of January 2007 several prominent party members have voiced their doubts including former leader Ina Brouwer , Senator Leo Platvoet and MEP Joost Lagendijk . In reaction to this

5950-408: The position of "outsiders" on the labour market, such as migrant youth, single parents, workers with short term-contracts and people with disabilities. It disagrees with the parties on the right which, in the eyes of GroenLinks, were only oriented towards cutting costs and did not offer the worst-off a chance for work, emancipation and participation. But, unlike the other opposition parties of the left,

6035-563: The same day as the city's central municipal council . Each district committee elects three of its members to form an executive committee ( dagelijks bestuur ). The district committees' jurisdiction is determined by the central municipal council . Responsibilities delegated to the 2014–2018 district committees include parks and recreation, streets and squares, refuse collection, permits and events, preparation of zoning plans, passports and drivers licenses, and welfare work. The district committee of Amsterdam-West consists of 15 members. The committee

6120-572: The same status to De Baarsjes . Until 2014, the Amsterdam boroughs , called stadsdelen or districts, were governed by a directly elected district council ( deelraad ) as well as a separate district executive board, the members of which were appointed and controlled by the council. Since the 2014 municipal elections , the district councils have been abolished and replaced by smaller, but still directly elected district committees ( bestuurscommissies ). The district committees are elected every four years, on

6205-434: The same year, the parliamentary party supported the invasion of Afghanistan after the terrorist attacks of September 11 . This invasion led to great upheaval within the party. Several former PSP members within the House of Representatives parliamentary party began to openly speak out their doubts about the intervention. Under pressure of internal opposition, led by former PSP members and the party's youth organisation DWARS ,

6290-431: The spring of 1989, the PSP party board initiated formal talks between the CPN, the PSP and the PPR about a common list for the upcoming general elections. It soon became clear that the CPN wanted to maintain an independent communist identity and not merge into a new left-wing formation. This was reason for the PPR leaving the talks. Negotiations about cooperation were reopened after the fall of the second Lubbers cabinet and

6375-415: The status of borough was Amsterdam-Centrum (2002). The existing system of seven boroughs, covering most parts of Amsterdam , is the result of a major borough reform in 2010. The current boroughs have populations of around 80,000 to 150,000, which is the equivalent to an average-sized municipality in the Netherlands . Since 2022, there is also the urban area ( Dutch : stadsgebied ) Weesp . Until 2014,

6460-408: The territory of the former municipality of Sloten . The neighborhoods around Mercatorplein and Surinameplein squares became known as De Baarsjes , which has many examples of Amsterdam School architecture. From 1990 until 2010, these neighborhoods formed the borough of De Baarsjes . The neighborhood around Hoofddorpplein square became Hoofddorppleinbuurt . In 1990, Hoofddorppleinbuurt was added to

6545-411: The war , for instance by organising its party congress in Amsterdam at the day of the large demonstration, with an interval allowing its members to join the protest. At the end of 2003, Halsema temporarily left parliament to give birth to her twins . During her absence Marijke Vos took her place as chair of the parliamentary party. When she returned to parliament, Halsema started a discussion about

6630-446: Was elected on March 19, 2014. Six political parties are represented on the committee. In April 2014, the committee elected its executive committee. Executive committee Chair is Gerolf Bouwmeester ( D66 ), the other members are Fenna Ulichki ( GL ) and Jeroen van Berkel ( PvdA ). The borough offices ( stadsdeelkantoor or district office) of Amsterdam-West are located at Bos en Lommerplein 250 and Baarsjesweg 224. Amsterdam-West comprises

6715-456: Was founded in 1989 as a merger of four parties that were to the left of the Labour Party (PvdA), a social-democratic party which has traditionally been the largest centre-left party in the Netherlands. The founding parties were the (formerly-communist) Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN), the Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP), which originated in the peace movement , the green -influenced Political Party of Radicals (PPR), originally

6800-474: Was new – he had been chair of the Dutch Centre for Foreigners. In the first round, the duos ended up ahead of the others, but neither had an absolute majority . A second round was needed, in which Brouwer and Rabbae won with 51%. Brouwer became the first candidate and Rabbae second, the second duo Rosenmöller and Sipkes occupied the following place followed by Marijke Vos , former chair of the party. The idea of

6885-439: Was one of the few politicians who could muster some resistance against his message. Days before the election, Fortuyn was assassinated . Ab Harrewijn, GroenLinks MP and candidate also died. Before and after the elections serious threats were made against Rosenmöller, his wife and his children. These events caused considerable stress for Rosenmöller. GroenLinks lost one seat in the election, although it had gained more votes than in

6970-404: Was organised in such a way that all the parties were represented and new figures could enter. The PPR, which had been the largest party in 1986 got the top candidate (the lead candidate , Ria Beckers ) and the number five; the PSP got the numbers two and six, the CPN the number three and the EVP number eleven. The first independent candidate was Paul Rosenmöller , trade unionist from Rotterdam, on

7055-417: Was replaced by Andrée van Es , who favoured cooperation. Van der Spek left the PSP to found his own Party for Socialism and Disarmament . The 1986 PSP congress , however, rejected the electoral alliance. In the 1986 general election , all four parties lost seats. The CPN and the EVP disappeared from parliament. The PPR was left with two and the PSP with one seat. While the parties were preparing to enter in

7140-669: Was supported by an open letter from influential members of trade unions (such as Paul Rosenmöller and Karin Adelmund ), of environmental movements (e.g., Jacqueline Cramer ) and from arts (such as Rudi van Dantzig ). This letter called for the formation of a single progressive party to the left of the Labour Party . Lagendijk and Platvoet had been taking part in informal meetings between prominent PSP, PPR and CPN-members, who favoured cooperation. Other participants were PPR chairman Bram van Ojik and former CPN leader Ina Brouwer . These talks were called "F.C. Sittardia" or Cliché bv. In

7225-780: Was supposed to control the board and the parliamentary party and stimulate the process of merger. In this council, all five groups – CPN, PPR, PSP, EVP and the Vereniging Groen Links – had seats on ratio of the number of their members. Originally, the three youth organisations, the CPN-linked General Dutch Youth League , the PSP-linked Pacifist Socialist Young Working Groups and the PPR-linked Political Party of Radical Youth refused to merge, but under pressure of

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