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25-1546: The journal publishes research articles from all four subfields of anthropology as well as book reviews and obituaries, and includes sections on Public Anthropologies, Multimodal Anthropologies, and World Anthropologies. The journal also maintains a website with essays, virtual issues, teaching resources, and supplementary material for print articles. F. W. Hodge (1899–1910) John R. Swanton (1911) F. W. Hodge (1912–1914) Pliny E. Goddard (1915–1920) John R. Swanton (1921–1923) Robert H. Lowie (1924–1933) Leslie Spier (1934–1938) Ralph Linton (1939–1944) J. Alden Mason (1945–1948) Melville J. Herskovits (1949–1952) Sol Tax (1953–1955) Walter R. Goldschmidt (1956–1959) Edward H. Spicer (1960–1962) George D. Spindler (1963–1966) Ward H. Goodenough (1967–1970) Laura Bohannan (1971–1973) Robert A. Manners (1974–1975) Richard B. Woodbury (1976–1978) David L. Olmsted (1979–1981) H. Russell Bernard (1982–1985) Thomas C. Greaves (1985–1986) H. Russell Bernard (1986–1989) Janet Keller (1990–1993) Barbara Tedlock & Dennis Tedlock (1993–1997) Robert Sussman (1998–2001) Susan H. Lees & Fran Mascia-Lees (2001–2005) Ben Blount (2005–2007) Tom Boellstorff (2007–2012) Michael Chibnik (2012–2016) Deborah A. Thomas (2016–2020) The four main subfields of anthropology include cultural, linguistic, archeology, and biological/physical. Sometimes applied anthropology and public anthropology are added as additional subfields. Among

50-494: A characteristic platform mound at this site, and evidence of related villages were found both east and west of the mound. A professional archeological excavation revealed a total of 75 human burials, with artifacts that support dating of the site. The late 19th-century gazebo was installed on top of the mound in 1890 by a European-American owner of the land. After the mound was excavated, former governor Lamartine Griffin Hardman had

75-608: A claim has not been performed. A 1734 land grant between Great Britain and the Cherokee lists Nacoochee ( Cherokee : ᎾᎫᏥ , romanized:  Nagutsi ) as a town of Cherokee territory but does not describe its exact location. The archeological site is part of the Sautee Valley Historic District . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 20, 1986 as reference number 86002742. In

100-404: A reconstruction of it built on his property south of Helen, Georgia . George Gustav Heye , sponsor of the original excavation in 1915, claimed that the historic Cherokee had inhabited the site, which was within their homelands. A 1955 historical marker on the site refers to such habitation. But, James B. Langford of The Coosawattee Foundation says that the excavation necessary to confirm such

125-399: A third of the individuals were buried with artifacts indicative of social status, including hammered copper and stone celts , conch shell beads and cups , and elaborate Mississippian culture pottery . Some later burials included glass beads and sheet brass ornaments, indicating that these were intrusive burials from the 17th-century contact period with Europeans . Test excavations at

150-488: Is not invested in the four-field concept and presents itself as, say, cultural anthropology or archaeology, with no reference to a four-field vision of 'the discipline.'" Frederick Webb Hodge Frederick Webb Hodge (October 28, 1864 – September 28, 1956) was an American editor, anthropologist , archaeologist , and historian . Born in England, he immigrated at the age of seven with his family to Washington, DC. He

175-835: The American Journal of Physical Anthropology . Hodge was chosen to be the director of the Southwest Museum of the American Indian in Los Angeles . He also served as executive officer at the Smithsonian Institution . There he was chairman of the Committee of Editorial Management and the Committee dealing with the Linguistic Families North of Mexico. He was a member of the Committee on Archaeological Nomenclature,

200-634: The Mississippian period, from 1350 to 1600 CE during the Lamar phase , when the platform mound is believed to have been constructed. It is a characteristic construction of the period, associated with ceremonial and ritual uses. In addition, pottery sherds characteristic of the Etowah Indian Mounds site in Cartersville, Georgia were found at the site and are evidence that the two sites were occupied during

225-717: The Museum of the American Indian in 1916 in New York, where Hodge later served as editor and assistant director. During his time at the Smithsonian, Hodge also conducted archeological expeditions and excavations at Nacoochee Mound in Georgia, and at Hawikuh , near Zuni Pueblo . Frederick Webb Hodge was born in 1864 in Plymouth , England to Edwin and Emily (née Webb) Hodge. His parents immigrated to Washington, D.C. , United States when Frederick

250-484: The Museum of the American Indian , founded in 1916 by George Gustav Heye , and his Heye Foundation . In 1915, accompanied by Heye, the museum's director, and staff member George H. Pepper , Hodge undertook archeological excavations at the Nacoochee Mound near Helen, Georgia . These three men published a report on the mound excavations in 1918. It was the first scientific excavation in the state. The museum opened to

275-561: The 1870s, the mound site was owned by Captain John H. Nichols, who reported plowing up stone box graves to the west of the mound. (These are now known to be typical artifacts of the Mississippian culture.) Charles C. Jones described the mound as being 16 feet (4.9 m) in height, in his 1873 report on Native American sites in Georgia. In 1890 Captain Nichols removed the top 2 feet (0.61 m) of

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300-590: The 1970s against editors and works that do not subscribe to four-field holism as an ideal for anthropological scholarship. In 2010, then editor-in-chief Tom Boellstorff proposed that American Anthropologist be viewed as an "interdisciplinary" journal, arguing that the goal should be "to present the best work in 'anthropology'—as defined in the broadest possible sense. That certainly includes work that speaks across subdisciplines in some manner, often by integrating methods, problematics, and relevant literatures from more than one subfield. However, it also includes work that

325-637: The Committee of Policy, the National Research Council , and the Laboratory of Anthropology, School of American Research. Nacoochee Mound 34°41′01″N 83°42′32″W  /  34.6835°N 83.709°W  / 34.6835; -83.709 The Nacoochee Mound ( Smithsonian trinomial 9WH3) is an archaeological site on the banks of the Chattahoochee River in White County , in

350-547: The earliest scientific archeological excavations in the state. The Museum of the American Indian and Heye Foundation published the book by Heye, Hodge and Pepper about the excavation, The Nacoochee Mound in Georgia (1918), which included photographs. The excavation showed two intervals of mound construction. It uncovered 75 human burials, including 56 adults, seven adolescents, and four children. Eight other bodies were too degraded for their ages to be determined. The burials were layered, dating from different time periods. About

375-454: The journals published by the AAA, American Anthropologist is the only one that follows the "four-field" approach, publishing articles from the four main subfields of anthropology. Proponents of the four-field approach see American Anthropologist' s broad scope as important to maintaining disciplinary unity, while critics have expressed serious reservations about this aim, and criticize pressures since

400-540: The late 15th century and early 16th centuries. The village was not fully excavated. James B. Langford suggests that it may have been occupied later than the period above. Nacoochee and Chota were noted as Cherokee towns in this valley by the Colonel George Chicken expedition of 1715-1716 to the interior following the Yamasee War . These towns were later shown on maps of the area. This site may have been one of

425-516: The mound and built a gazebo on its new summit, a feature that became noted locally. The mound was formally excavated in 1915 by a team of archaeologists headed by Frederick Webb Hodge and George H. Pepper and sponsored by the Heye Foundation , the Museum of the American Indian in New York, and the Bureau of American Ethnology (now part of the Smithsonian Institution ). This is considered one of

450-496: The northeast part of the U.S. state of Georgia . Georgia State Route 17 and Georgia State Route 75 have a junction near here. First occupied as early as 100-500 CE by Woodland culture people, the site was later developed and occupied more intensively from 1350 to 1600 CE by peoples of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture ). The latter people built

475-511: The public in 1922. Hodge directed excavations of the ruins of Hawikuh , near Zuni Pueblo , during the period 1917–23, with what was known as the Hendricks -Hodge Expedition. He researched and reported on the interactions of these aborigines with the Spanish conquerors, travelers and priests since 1539, when Estevanico and Spanish Franciscan friars had intended to set up a mission here. He founded

500-468: The same time period. A small village area was located in the field to the east of the mound. A much larger village area in the field to the west of the mound was found to have been occupied primarily during the later period. Archaeological evidence suggests that Nacoochee Mound site, and a nearby mound site called the Eastwood Site (9Wh2), served as local administrative centers for associated villages in

525-585: The site in 2004 by the University of Georgia Archaeology Field School resulted in evidence that, combined with current knowledge and theory, enabled refinement of dating related to inhabitants of the site. Some 87 postholes were made around the village site, the first excavation at the village. It was first occupied during the Early Middle Woodland Cartersville Phase . The village was revealed to have been most intensively occupied during

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550-506: The villages. Both Nacoochee and Chota towns were abandoned by the Cherokee after the mid-eighteenth century. A bronze state historical marker at the site, dated 1955, says that, according to legend, it is the "ancient Cherokee town of Gauxule , visited by Hernando de Soto in 1540". While there was speculation about De Soto's path, later 20th-century scholars do not believe the early translations of his chronicles were accurate. Since then scholars have pieced together De Soto's route based on

575-480: Was educated at American schools, and graduated from Cambridge College (now George Washington University ). He became very interested in Native American history and cultures, and worked for the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1905 to 1918. He collaborated with George Gustav Heye , who had been collecting Native American artifacts, and established the Heye Foundation to support archeological work. Heye founded

600-546: Was married to expedition leader Frank Hamilton Cushing . By 1901 Hodge worked as executive assistant in charge of International Exchanges at the Smithsonian Institution . In 1905 he transferred to the Bureau of American Ethnology , now part of the Smithsonian, where he worked on topics in anthropology and Native American culture until February 28, 1918. Hodge was the editor for Edward S. Curtis 's monumental photography series, The North American Indian . Hodge moved to New York City to serve as editor and assistant director at

625-567: Was seven years old. He attended local schools and then studied at Cambridge College (now George Washington University ). He was associated with Columbia University and the U.S. Geological Survey . Hodge began working in archeology early in his career. He participated in part of the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition (1886–1894). There he met Margaret Magill, and they later married. She had accompanied her sister, Emily Tennison Magill Cushing, who

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