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62-604: [REDACTED] This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources:   "Amenhotep"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( March 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Amenophis in hieroglyphs Amenhotep / Imenhetep (Imen hotep) Ỉmn-ḥtp Amun

124-464: A Gargoyles clone. The Cat Goddess Bastet has returned to the real world and sends all the cats, including Nefer-Tina, crazy. Ja-Kal realizes that he has either two choices - defeat Nefer-Tina or end the life of Rapses. Set and Anubis bring forth the Eye of Darkness to take over Presley's body. A beauty potion intended for Scarab falls on Nefer-Tina, which ends up making her look lively and beautiful. Geb

186-442: A logogram defines the object of which it is an image. Logograms are therefore the most frequently used common nouns; they are always accompanied by a mute vertical stroke indicating their status as a logogram (the usage of a vertical stroke is further explained below); in theory, all hieroglyphs would have the ability to be used as logograms. Logograms can be accompanied by phonetic complements. Here are some examples: In some cases,

248-554: A pintail duck is read in Egyptian as sꜣ , derived from the main consonants of the Egyptian word for this duck: 's', 'ꜣ' and 't'. (Note that ꜣ or [REDACTED] , two half-rings opening to the left, sometimes replaced by the digit '3', is the Egyptian alef . ) It is also possible to use the hieroglyph of the pintail duck without a link to its meaning in order to represent the two phonemes s and ꜣ , independently of any vowels that could accompany these consonants, and in this way write

310-519: A bonus episode, as well as an interview with Andy Heyward and Ivan Reitman about the series. In October 2003, Sterling Entertainment released the first three episodes on VHS and DVD under the title of Mummies Alive! - The Beginning . The DVD release contains the four episode as a bonus. NCircle Entertainment re-released the DVD in August 2007. In June 2004, Anchor Bay UK released a single VHS/DVD volume in

372-579: A box (now in Cairo) Amenhotep D , a son of Amenhotep II (18th dynasty) Amenhotep F, princely name of Akhenaten Amenhotep G, a son of Ramesses II (19th dynasty), 14th on the list of princes Nobles [ edit ] Amenhotep (treasurer) treasurer of the 13th Dynasty Amenhotep (high steward) , high steward of Hatshepsut (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep son of Hapu , deified Ancient Egyptian architect (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep, Priest of Amun (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep Huy, Governor of

434-622: A little after Sumerian script , and, probably, [were] invented under the influence of the latter", and that it is "probable that the general idea of expressing words of a language in writing was brought to Egypt from Sumerian Mesopotamia ". Further, Egyptian writing appeared suddenly, while Mesopotamia had a long evolutionary history of the usage of signs—for agricultural and accounting purposes—in tokens dating as early back to c.  8000 BC . However, more recent scholars have held that "the evidence for such direct influence remains flimsy" and that "a very credible argument can also be made for

496-609: A mature writing system used for monumental inscription in the classical language of the Middle Kingdom period; during this period, the system used about 900 distinct signs. The use of this writing system continued through the New Kingdom and Late Period , and on into the Persian and Ptolemaic periods. Late survivals of hieroglyphic use are found well into the Roman period , extending into

558-621: A noun is recorded from 1590, originally short for nominalized hieroglyphic (1580s, with a plural hieroglyphics ), from adjectival use ( hieroglyphic character ). The Nag Hammadi texts written in Sahidic Coptic call the hieroglyphs "writings of the magicians, soothsayers" ( Coptic : ϩⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϩ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ︦ϣ︦ ). Hieroglyphs may have emerged from the preliterate artistic traditions of Egypt. For example, symbols on Gerzean pottery from c.  4000 BC have been argued to resemble hieroglyphic writing. Proto-writing systems developed in

620-460: A primitive look". She gave the movie one star. To coincide with the animated series, DIC signed deals with various companies to make merchandise for the series. Hasbro produced a series of Mummies Alive! 5" tall action figures and vehicles in 1997. There were regular and "fright face" varieties of the main mummies. Nefer-Tina and Presley got toys as well, but they are later releases and harder to find. A final wave of toys would have contained

682-576: A radio show, asking local people who and what the Mummies are. Mummies Alive! originally aired on syndicated television stations in the United States (mostly on The WB , UPN and Fox affiliates), being distributed through Hasbro's Claster Television . The following year, the series aired on the Bohbot Kids Network block until 2000. In September 2004, the series alongside Sonic Underground

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744-415: A unique reading. For example, the symbol of "the seat" (or chair): Finally, it sometimes happens that the pronunciation of words might be changed because of their connection to Ancient Egyptian: in this case, it is not rare for writing to adopt a compromise in notation, the two readings being indicated jointly. For example, the adjective bnj , "sweet", became bnr . In Middle Egyptian, one can write: which

806-483: Is added between consonants to aid in their pronunciation. For example, nfr "good" is typically written nefer . This does not reflect Egyptian vowels, which are obscure, but is merely a modern convention. Likewise, the ꜣ and ꜥ are commonly transliterated as a , as in Ra ( rꜥ ). Hieroglyphs are inscribed in rows of pictures arranged in horizontal lines or vertical columns. Both hieroglyph lines as well as signs contained in

868-528: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Egyptian hieroglyphs The use of hieroglyphic writing arose from proto-literate symbol systems in the Early Bronze Age c.  the 33rd century BC ( Naqada III ), with the first decipherable sentence written in the Egyptian language dating to the 28th century BC ( Second Dynasty ). Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs developed into

930-554: Is fully read as bnr , the j not being pronounced but retained in order to keep a written connection with the ancient word (in the same fashion as the English language words through , knife , or victuals , which are no longer pronounced the way they are written.) Besides a phonetic interpretation, characters can also be read for their meaning: in this instance, logograms are being spoken (or ideograms ) and semagrams (the latter are also called determinatives). A hieroglyph used as

992-443: Is not excluded, but probably reflects the reality." Hieroglyphs consist of three kinds of glyphs: phonetic glyphs, including single-consonant characters that function like an alphabet ; logographs , representing morphemes ; and determinatives , which narrow down the meaning of logographic or phonetic words. As writing developed and became more widespread among the Egyptian people, simplified glyph forms developed, resulting in

1054-431: Is pleased Amenhotep ( Ỉmn-ḥtp ; " Amun is pleased" or "Amun is satisfied") is an ancient Egyptian name. Its Greek version is Amenophis ( Ἀμένωφις ). Its notable bearers were: Pharaohs of the 18th dynasty [ edit ] Amenhotep I Amenhotep II Amenhotep III Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) Princes [ edit ] Amenhotep A, a son of Sobekhotep IV (13th dynasty), named on

1116-542: Is sad because his love, the Sky spirit Net is in a heated feud with him. The Mummies try to find ways to help them make up again. After a fight with Scarab, they find themselves a long way out of their sphinx. They don disguises and experience the depths of San Francisco, bumping into people along the way. Mr. Huxley and Ja-Kal accident get zapped by Presley's science project, which completely changes their personalities. Presley's friend Bubba Baxter accidentally gets knocked out, so

1178-463: The Chicago Tribune panned The Legend Begins : "The saga jumps between past and present without warning, giving the story a disjointed feel. And while the animated adventure goes for laughs at times, the jokes generally fall flat". She was also critical of the series' animation: "All the characters move as if they have rigor mortis. Mouths flap open and shut when delivering dialogue, giving the film

1240-497: The /θ/ sound was lost. A few uniliterals first appear in Middle Egyptian texts. Besides the uniliteral glyphs, there are also the biliteral and triliteral signs, to represent a specific sequence of two or three consonants, consonants and vowels, and a few as vowel combinations only, in the language. Egyptian writing is often redundant: in fact, it happens very frequently that a word is followed by several characters writing

1302-658: The Greek adjective ἱερογλυφικός ( hieroglyphikos ), a compound of ἱερός ( hierós 'sacred') and γλύφω ( glýphō '(Ι) carve, engrave'; see glyph ) meaning sacred carving. The glyphs themselves, since the Ptolemaic period , were called τὰ ἱερογλυφικὰ [γράμματα] ( tà hieroglyphikà [grámmata] ) "the sacred engraved letters", the Greek counterpart to the Egyptian expression of mdw.w-nṯr "god's words". Greek ἱερόγλυφος meant "a carver of hieroglyphs". In English, hieroglyph as

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1364-531: The Northern Oasis under Thutmose III (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep-Huy , Vizier of South under Amenhotep III (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep (Huy) , the high steward of Memphis under Amenhotep III (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep called Huy , Viceroy of Kush under Tutankhamon (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep, son of Yuti, chamberlain under Amenhotep III (18th Dynasty) Amenhotep (Asyut) , official and physician (19th Dynasty) Amenhotep, Priest of Amun , High Priest from

1426-634: The Second Dynasty (28th or 27th century BC). Around 800 hieroglyphs are known to date back to the Old Kingdom , Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom Eras. By the Greco-Roman period, there were more than 5,000. Scholars have long debated whether hieroglyphs were "original", developed independently of any other script, or derivative. Original scripts are very rare. Previously, scholars like Geoffrey Sampson argued that Egyptian hieroglyphs "came into existence

1488-432: The hieratic (priestly) and demotic (popular) scripts. These variants were also more suited than hieroglyphs for use on papyrus . Hieroglyphic writing was not, however, eclipsed, but existed alongside the other forms, especially in monumental and other formal writing. The Rosetta Stone contains three parallel scripts – hieroglyphic, demotic, and Greek. Hieroglyphs continued to be used under Persian rule (intermittent in

1550-419: The mummies is aligned with the power of an Egyptian god. Ja-Kal uses the spirit of a falcon, Rath uses the spirit of a snake, Armon uses the spirit of a ram, and Nefer-Tina uses the spirit of a cat. The mummies are able to call upon it for magical armor and powers to fight superhuman evildoers by shouting "With the strength of Ra!". Once their strength is exhausted, they must rest in their sarcophagi to regain

1612-437: The "goose" hieroglyph ( zꜣ ) representing the word for "son". A half-dozen Demotic glyphs are still in use, added to the Greek alphabet when writing Coptic . Knowledge of the hieroglyphs had been lost completely in the medieval period. Early attempts at decipherment were made by some such as Dhul-Nun al-Misri and Ibn Wahshiyya (9th and 10th century, respectively). All medieval and early modern attempts were hampered by

1674-603: The "myth of allegorical hieroglyphs" was ascendant. Monumental use of hieroglyphs ceased after the closing of all non-Christian temples in 391 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I ; the last known inscription is from Philae , known as the Graffito of Esmet-Akhom , from 394. The Hieroglyphica of Horapollo (c. 5th century) appears to retain some genuine knowledge about the writing system. It offers an explanation of close to 200 signs. Some are identified correctly, such as

1736-760: The 1820s by Jean-François Champollion , with the help of the Rosetta Stone . The entire Ancient Egyptian corpus , including both hieroglyphic and hieratic texts, is approximately 5 million words in length; if counting duplicates (such as the Book of the Dead and the Coffin Texts ) as separate, this figure is closer to 10 million. The most complete compendium of Ancient Egyptian, the Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache , contains 1.5–1.7 million words. The word hieroglyph comes from

1798-556: The 20th Dynasty Amenhotep, father of Queen Kakat (23rd Dynasty) Other [ edit ] The father of Rapses in Mummies Alive! is named Amenhotep (although which one is not specified) 4847 Amenhotep (the name of an asteroid) Ptolemaic era owner of a Book of the Dead from the Joseph Smith Papyri collection Imhotep , a similar name [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

1860-453: The 4th century AD. During the 5th century, the permanent closing of pagan temples across Roman Egypt ultimately resulted in the ability to read and write hieroglyphs being forgotten. Despite attempts at decipherment, the nature of the script remained unknown throughout the Middle Ages and the early modern period . The decipherment of hieroglyphic writing was finally accomplished in

1922-469: The 6th and 5th centuries BCE), and after Alexander the Great 's conquest of Egypt, during the ensuing Ptolemaic and Roman periods. It appears that the misleading quality of comments from Greek and Roman writers about hieroglyphs came about, at least in part, as a response to the changed political situation. Some believed that hieroglyphs may have functioned as a way to distinguish 'true Egyptians ' from some of

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1984-625: The Mummies and Presley decide to take his place. However, Geb's nearby magical mud accidentally turns the Monster Trucks into moving monsters. When the Mummies are out purchasing clothes, the sales clerk gets infatuated with Nefer-Tina. This proves in handy when he gets injured and Scarab is on the loose. Rath accidentally gets himself and Bob the Policeman knocked out. However, a Federal Investigator named Agent Phillips wants to send Rath to space, in order to impress "The General". Joe Pendelton hosts

2046-605: The United Kingdom containing the first four episodes. The company released a second DVD in August, containing the next four episodes. In June 2005, Avenue Entertainment released two DVDs containing two episodes each. Three volumes of double DVDs were released in Germany, with 14 episodes on each volume. The complete 42 episode series is available as of March 2017, the release date of the third and final volume. The DVDs are region 2 with German, and English audio as well. Harlene Ellin of

2108-432: The ability. The mummies also have the power to make a horrifying face, usually used to scare away nosy bystanders. In addition to Scarab, the mummies often had to contend with gods and spirits from Egyptian myth summoned to the modern world, including Anubis , Set , Geb , Apep , Bast , Sekhmet , Bes , and many others, usually as part of one of Scarab's schemes that went out of his control. Originally, Mummies Alive!

2170-518: The classical notion that the Mesopotamian symbol system predates the Egyptian one. A date of c.  3400 BCE for the earliest Abydos glyphs challenges the hypothesis of diffusion from Mesopotamia to Egypt, pointing to an independent development of writing in Egypt. Rosalie David has argued that the debate is moot since "If Egypt did adopt the idea of writing from elsewhere, it was presumably only

2232-444: The concept which was taken over, since the forms of the hieroglyphs are entirely Egyptian in origin and reflect the distinctive flora, fauna and images of Egypt's own landscape." Egyptian scholar Gamal Mokhtar argued further that the inventory of hieroglyphic symbols derived from "fauna and flora used in the signs [which] are essentially African" and in "regards to writing, we have seen that a purely Nilotic, hence African origin not only

2294-477: The first person pronoun I . Phonograms formed with one consonant are called uniliteral signs; with two consonants, biliteral signs; with three, triliteral signs. Twenty-four uniliteral signs make up the so-called hieroglyphic alphabet. Egyptian hieroglyphic writing does not normally indicate vowels, unlike cuneiform , and for that reason has been labelled by some as an abjad , i.e., an alphabet without vowels. Thus, hieroglyphic writing representing

2356-454: The foreign conquerors. Another reason may be the refusal to tackle a foreign culture on its own terms, which characterized Greco-Roman approaches to Egyptian culture generally. Having learned that hieroglyphs were sacred writing, Greco-Roman authors imagined the complex but rational system as an allegorical, even magical, system transmitting secret, mystical knowledge. By the 4th century CE, few Egyptians were capable of reading hieroglyphs, and

2418-425: The fundamental assumption that hieroglyphs recorded ideas and not the sounds of the language. As no bilingual texts were available, any such symbolic 'translation' could be proposed without the possibility of verification. It was not until Athanasius Kircher in the mid 17th century that scholars began to think the hieroglyphs might also represent sounds. Kircher was familiar with Coptic, and thought that it might be

2480-422: The independent development of writing in Egypt..." While there are many instances of early Egypt-Mesopotamia relations , the lack of direct evidence for the transfer of writing means that "no definitive determination has been made as to the origin of hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt". Since the 1990s, the above-mentioned discoveries of glyphs at Abydos , dated to between 3400 and 3200 BCE, have shed further doubt on

2542-442: The key to deciphering the hieroglyphs, but was held back by a belief in the mystical nature of the symbols. The breakthrough in decipherment came only with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone by Napoleon 's troops in 1799 (during Napoleon's Egyptian invasion ). As the stone presented a hieroglyphic and a demotic version of the same text in parallel with a Greek translation, plenty of material for falsifiable studies in translation

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2604-545: The left, they almost always must be read from left to right, and vice versa. As in many ancient writing systems, words are not separated by blanks or punctuation marks. However, certain hieroglyphs appear particularly common only at the end of words, making it possible to readily distinguish words. The Egyptian hieroglyphic script contained 24 uniliterals (symbols that stood for single consonants, much like letters in English). It would have been possible to write all Egyptian words in

2666-624: The lines are read with upper content having precedence over content below. The lines or columns, and the individual inscriptions within them, read from left to right in rare instances only and for particular reasons at that; ordinarily however, they read from right to left–the Egyptians' preferred direction of writing (although, for convenience, modern texts are often normalized into left-to-right order). The direction toward which asymmetrical hieroglyphs face indicate their proper reading order. For example, when human and animal hieroglyphs face or look toward

2728-542: The little vertical stroke will be explained further on under Logograms:  – the character sꜣ as used in the word sꜣw , "keep, watch" As in the Arabic script, not all vowels were written in Egyptian hieroglyphs; it is debatable whether vowels were written at all. Possibly, as with Arabic, the semivowels /w/ and /j/ (as in English W and Y) could double as the vowels /u/ and /i/ . In modern transcriptions, an e

2790-436: The manner of these signs, but the Egyptians never did so and never simplified their complex writing into a true alphabet. Each uniliteral glyph once had a unique reading, but several of these fell together as Old Egyptian developed into Middle Egyptian . For example, the folded-cloth glyph (𓋴) seems to have been originally an /s/ and the door-bolt glyph (𓊃) a /θ/ sound, but these both came to be pronounced /s/ , as

2852-495: The meaning: "retort [chemistry]" and "retort [rhetoric]" would thus be distinguished. Rapses Mummies Alive! is an animated series from DIC Productions L.P. and Northern Lights Entertainment . It originally aired for one season in 1997. The show was part of a general trend of "mummymania" in 1990s pop culture. In ancient Egypt , an evil sorcerer named Scarab kills the pharaoh's son, Prince Rapses, to become immortal. Entombed alive for his crime, Scarab revives in

2914-403: The modern world and begins his search for Rapses' reincarnation, a San Francisco -dwelling boy named Presley Carnarvon, to retrieve the spirit of Rapses so he can become immortal. Rapses' (Presley's) bodyguards, Ja-Kal, Rath, Armon, and Nefer-Tina, along with Rapses' cat, Kahti, awake from the dead to protect him from Scarab. They use the power of Ra to transform into powerful guardians. Each of

2976-448: The order of signs if this would result in a more aesthetically pleasing appearance (good scribes attended to the artistic, and even religious, aspects of the hieroglyphs, and would not simply view them as a communication tool). Various examples of the use of phonetic complements can be seen below: Notably, phonetic complements were also used to allow the reader to differentiate between signs that are homophones , or which do not always have

3038-649: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep&oldid=1234962313 " Categories : Given names Ancient Egyptian given names Theophoric names Hidden categories: Pages using the WikiHiero extension Articles lacking sources from March 2020 All articles lacking sources Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Articles with short description Short description

3100-401: The same sounds, in order to guide the reader. For example, the word nfr , "beautiful, good, perfect", was written with a unique triliteral that was read as nfr : However, it is considerably more common to add to that triliteral, the uniliterals for f and r . The word can thus be written as nfr+f+r , but one still reads it as merely nfr . The two alphabetic characters are adding clarity to

3162-480: The same text, the same phrase, I would almost say in the same word. Visually, hieroglyphs are all more or less figurative: they represent real or abstract elements, sometimes stylized and simplified, but all generally perfectly recognizable in form. However, the same sign can, according to context, be interpreted in diverse ways: as a phonogram ( phonetic reading), as a logogram , or as an ideogram ( semagram ; " determinative ") ( semantic reading). The determinative

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3224-506: The second half of the 4th millennium BC, such as the clay labels of a Predynastic ruler called " Scorpion I " ( Naqada IIIA period, c.  33rd century BC ) recovered at Abydos (modern Umm el-Qa'ab ) in 1998 or the Narmer Palette ( c.  31st century BC ). The first full sentence written in mature hieroglyphs so far discovered was found on a seal impression in the tomb of Seth-Peribsen at Umm el-Qa'ab, which dates from

3286-423: The semantic connection is indirect ( metonymic or metaphoric ): Determinatives or semagrams (semantic symbols specifying meaning) are placed at the end of a word. These mute characters serve to clarify what the word is about, as homophonic glyphs are common. If a similar procedure existed in English, words with the same spelling would be followed by an indicator that would not be read, but which would fine-tune

3348-547: The series aired on ITV2 as part of GMTV2 Kids (later Action Stations! ). In India , the Hindi-dubbed version of the show ran on Cartoon Network , with children of all ages, pre-teens and teens alike, enjoying it. It was also dubbed into Tamil and Malayalam and aired on Sun TV and Amrita TV in the early 2000s, becoming popular in South India . In India, the show was telecasted on DD Metro Channel from 1998 - 2000, and

3410-485: The spelling of the preceding triliteral hieroglyph. Redundant characters accompanying biliteral or triliteral signs are called phonetic complements (or complementaries). They can be placed in front of the sign (rarely), after the sign (as a general rule), or even framing it (appearing both before and after). Ancient Egyptian scribes consistently avoided leaving large areas of blank space in their writing and might add additional phonetic complements or sometimes even invert

3472-518: The third season of the Gargoyles animated series. The programs share common plot elements, including a group of warriors from the past that awaken in the present to fight a wealthy, immortality-obsessed enemy; their initial difficulties in adapting to the modern world; the use of mythological figures in numerous episodes; and a recurring femme fatale antagonist. These similarities made Mummies Alive! vulnerable to criticism describing it as little more than

3534-399: The word: sꜣ , "son"; or when complemented by other signs detailed below sꜣ , "keep, watch"; and sꜣṯ.w , "hard ground". For example:  – the characters sꜣ ;  – the same character used only in order to signify, according to the context, "pintail duck" or, with the appropriate determinative, "son", two words having the same or similar consonants; the meaning of

3596-514: Was added to the syndicated DIC Kids Network block, where both shows would air during the weekends as part of an hour of non-E/I material. The series previously aired every Sunday on Cookie Jar Toons on This TV . In Canada , the series aired on YTV . In the United Kingdom, the series first aired on GMTV on the Disney-produced block Diggit as one of its launch programmes. It later aired on Sky One from 1999 until 2002. From 2004–2006,

3658-430: Was geared towards an older audience, but during production, it became predominantly a children's show. The series ran for one season of 42 episodes; the last two episodes link together to end the show, as it appears episodes 38–40 were the finale of the first season. A second season was planned, but due to low ratings, it was canceled. Eric and Julia Lewald, writers/producers for Mummies Alive! , were also head writers for

3720-442: Was later converted to DD News. The three part "Family Feud" arc was edited together as a single movie, entitled Mummies Alive! The Legend Begins , and was released on VHS on April 7, 1998, by Buena Vista Home Entertainment . In August 2001, the first four episodes of the series were released on VHS and DVD simply titled Mummies Alive! , by Lions Gate Home Entertainment and Trimark Home Video . The DVD version also included

3782-431: Was not read as a phonetic constituent, but facilitated understanding by differentiating the word from its homophones. Most non- determinative hieroglyphic signs are phonograms , whose meaning is determined by pronunciation, independent of visual characteristics. This follows the rebus principle where, for example, the picture of an eye could stand not only for the English word eye , but also for its phonetic equivalent,

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3844-421: Was suddenly available. In the early 19th century, scholars such as Silvestre de Sacy , Johan David Åkerblad , and Thomas Young studied the inscriptions on the stone, and were able to make some headway. Finally, Jean-François Champollion made the complete decipherment by the 1820s. In his Lettre à M. Dacier (1822), he wrote: It is a complex system, writing figurative, symbolic, and phonetic all at once, in

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