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47-605: The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom . A part of the Canton of Molsheim and also its arrondissement , Altorf is located about 15 kilometres west of Strasbourg . The A352 National Highway runs from east to west across the southern portion of the commune but has no exit. Access to

94-512: A bull was the metal seal ( bulla ), which was usually made of lead , but on very solemn occasions was made of gold , as those on Byzantine imperial instruments often were (see Golden Bull ). On the obverse it depicted, originally somewhat crudely, the early Fathers of the Church of Rome , the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul , identified by the letters S anctus PA ulus and S anctus PE trus (thus, SPA •SPE or SPASPE ). St. Paul, on

141-407: A cross. On the reverse was the name of the issuing pope in the nominative Latin form, with the letters "PP", for Pastor Pastorum ("Shepherd of Shepherds"). This disc was then attached to the document either by cords of hemp , in the case of letters of justice and executory letters, or by red and yellow silk , in the case of letters of grace, that was looped through slits in the vellum of

188-822: A hundred Benedictine monasteries and was in 1624 formally called the Benedictine Congregation of Strasbourg (covering the abbeys of Ebersmunster and Marmoutier in Alsace, as well as of Ettenheimmünster, Gengenbach , Schuttent, and Schwarzbach in Baden ). The Peasants' epic struggle (the Bundschuh or Deutscher Bauernkrieg ), which had partly originated from the Holy Roman Empire in 1524, crystallized in Lower Alsace around Altorf, Dorlisheim , and Boersch . The leaders of

235-464: A marble altar with carved figures depicting a miraculous cure of Saint Cyriac, imposing oak stalls, and then an organ in 1730. The organ was originally commissioned by the Franciscans of Sarrebourg from the famous organ builder André Silbermann from Saxony but was finally acquired by the abbey of Altorf and harmoniously complements the baroque surroundings. The porter's house guarding the entrance to

282-445: Is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). Altorf is located on the ancient Roman via romana or Bergstrasse which connected Strasbourg to the strategic pass of Donon . The funerary steles of the 3rd century attest to a Roman presence. Quickly the village's history became intertwined with that of its Benedictine abbey which

329-659: Is topped by an octagonal bell tower made of wood and covered with slated wood-scale. It was destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt afterwards. The Baroque reconstruction commissioned by Abbot Amandus (Amand Zimmerman) was conducted by the Austrian master Peter Thumb in 1715 for the convent buildings and 1724 for the choir and transept. The wing of the Abbey (the current presbytery) was made in 1707 by Albert Regitz d' Obernai . These works were completed in 1727 with stuccoed decor:

376-479: Is used for any papal document that contains a metal seal. Today, the bull is the only written communication in which the pope will refer to himself as " Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei " ("Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God"). While papal bulls always used to bear a metal seal, they now do so only on the most solemn occasions. A papal bull is today the most formal type of public decree or letters patent issued by

423-568: The Schultheiß of Rosheim: 'Ittel stood, with two townsfolk of Molsheim, at the head of the movement in the countryside. In a few days he had assembled a strong band of farmers of 1,500 men. From this number he chose messengers responsible to scour the area calling for men to convene on the plain of Altorf during the week of Easter. They then, armed with clubs, decided to finish with the nobility and clergy men. One group, consisting of countrymen from Epfig and Dambach, seized Ebersmunster and settled there;

470-482: The Vatican Chancery in the name of the pope. A bull's format formerly began with one line in tall, elongated letters containing three elements: the pope's name, the papal title " Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei " ("Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God "), and its incipit , i.e., the first few Latin words from which the bull took its title for record-keeping purposes, but which might not be directly indicative of

517-562: The "Swedish torture" or Schwedentrunk which consisted of ingesting manure to suffocation). The population of Altorf were almost exclusively Catholic at that time and so suffered from this presence as did Molsheim and Mutzig which was sacked in November 1632 with the help of Protestants in the neighbouring village of Dorlisheim who put ladders at the disposal of the Swedes to scale the ramparts. In this regard, Altorf constituted an anchor point in

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564-465: The "great bulls" now in existence are in the nature of confirmations of property or charters of protection accorded to monasteries and religious institutions. In an era when there was much fabrication of such documents, those who procured bulls from Rome wished to ensure that the authenticity of their bull was above suspicion. A papal confirmation, under certain conditions, could be pleaded as itself constituting sufficient evidence of title in cases where

611-553: The 12th century). Cyriac of Malaga, who had cured epilepsy of the daughter of the Emperor Diocletian in the 4th century, became the patron saint of the village and he is celebrated on 8 August. Altorf was a place of pilgrimage for epileptics and people possessed with demons with many healings reported in the abbey archives in the 13th century. The chapel was consecrated in 974, under the leadership of Maïeul , Bishop of Cluny , and Erchembald, Bishop of Strasbourg . As with

658-510: The 13th century however, this privilege was transferred to Dachstein then Molsheim . The cultural influence of the abbey led to the establishment of a university (not to be confused with that of Altdorf near Nuremberg ) which was subsequently transferred to Molsheim in the Carthusian heartland there to be moved aside to form the University of Strasbourg . Economic and cultural power caused

705-528: The 6th century, but the phrase was not used until around the end of the 13th century, and then only internally for unofficial administrative purposes. However, it had become official by the 15th century, when one of the offices of the Apostolic Chancery was named the "register of bulls" (" registrum bullarum "). By the accession of Pope Leo IX in 1048, a clear distinction developed between two classes of bulls of greater and less solemnity. The majority of

752-464: The 6th century. In terms of content, the bull is simply the format in which a decree of the pope appears. Any subject may be treated in a bull, and many were and are, including statutory decrees, episcopal appointments, dispensations , excommunications , apostolic constitutions , canonizations , and convocations . The bull was the exclusive letter format from the Vatican until the 14th century, when

799-573: The Palissy database and protected as such. Arrondissement of Molsheim The Arrondissement of Molsheim ( French : Arrondissement de Molsheim ; Alsatian : Arrondissement Molse ) is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region . It has 77 communes . Its population is 103,633 (2016), and its area is 771.2 km (297.8 sq mi). The communes of

846-557: The abbeys of Steige and Marmoutier , the Altorf Abbey was very successful because of its many dependencies. The churches of Barembach and Grendelbruch , although relatively remote, were incorporated into the abbey by a papal bull of 1192 from Pope Celestin III which involved in particular the attachment of tithes . In particular its properties along the right bank of the Bruche extending from

893-405: The arrondissement of Molsheim are: The arrondissement of Molsheim was created in 1919. In January 2015 it gained seven communes from the arrondissement of Saverne and one commune from the former arrondissement of Strasbourg-Campagne . As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of

940-524: The arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Molsheim were, as of January 2015: 48°33′N 7°29′E  /  48.550°N 7.483°E  / 48.550; 7.483 Papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent , or charter issued by a pope of the Catholic Church . It is named after the leaden seal ( bulla ) traditionally appended to authenticate it. Papal bulls have been in use at least since

987-427: The bull's purpose. The body of the text was often very simple in layout, and it had no specific conventions for its formatting. The closing section consisted of a short " datum " that mentioned the place of issuance, day of the month and year of the pope's pontificate on which issued, and signatures, near which was attached the seal. For the most solemn bulls, the pope signed the document himself, in which case he used

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1034-462: The commune is by road D392 which runs parallel but north of the highway and connects with Highway exit 8 to the east of the commune and west to Dorlisheim . Another access road is the D127 which comes from Jaegerhof just over the northern border (and where there is a railway station) south to the village then continuing south to Griesheim-pres-Molsheim . There are also a number of small country roads covering

1081-590: The commune is that of Forstoff north-east of Altorf village. It was known as Altum Coenobium in 787. The origin of the commune name Altorf is from the form Alt-dorf (old town). The old spelling was still visible before the Second World War . However the spelling Altorf through Altorfium / Atorfium (related to Altum Coenobium ) it is more likely to come from the Latin root altum . The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there

1128-521: The commune of Duttlenheim to the Roman Church by making them leave the " Luther sect". This period of the war was difficult for the population judging by the fact that the wealthy abbey had to pledge the abbey cross in 1637 which it was able to recover only twenty years later. The human toll of the Thirty Years War for Altorf - and more generally for Alsace - was very severe. This was compounded by

1175-539: The commune. Most of the commune is farmland with some forests in the north-eastern portion. The Bras de la Bruches flows through the commune from west to east, through the village then east to join the Muelbach and flows east under the name Altorfer Arm until it joins the La Bruche river north of Eintzheim Airport . In the north-east another waterway forms the north-eastern border of the commune. The only other hamlet in

1222-521: The construction of a new abbey which followed the first work commissioned in 1133 by Father Otton. The most notable works are those of the convent buildings and transept from 1715 by the Austrian Baroque master Peter Thumb , the construction of the organ by André Silbermann in 1723, and, from 1985 to 1991, a complete restoration under the supervision of the Parson Henri Host. The church

1269-509: The course of the Rothaine into the plain of Alsace were attached to the bishopric of Strasbourg in 1226, extinguishing the line of Eguisheim. In addition, the emperors gave the abbey the right to issue currency (currency of Saint Cyriac), from the Ottonian revival at the end of the 10th century. The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa explicitly recognized this right with a charter in 1153. In

1316-544: The document. The term " bulla " derives from the Latin " bullire " ("to boil"), and alludes to the fact that, whether of wax, lead, or gold, the material making the seal had to be melted to soften it for impression. In 1535, the Florentine engraver Benvenuto Cellini was paid 50 scudi to recreate the metal matrix which would be used to impress the lead bullae of Pope Paul III . Cellini retained definitive iconographic items like

1363-605: The entire Holy Roman Empire . On this occasion, Swedish troops led by Marshal Gustaf Horn were stationed in the village in the autumn of 1632. Engaged by the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus in the European politico-religious conflict in support of the German Protestant princes, they practiced a policy of terror against Catholics in the region (the peasants fled at the cry of "Der Schwedt kommt" (the Swedes are coming), terrified by

1410-457: The faces of the two apostles, but he carved them with a much greater attention to detail and artistic sensibility than had previously been in evidence. On the reverse of the seal he added several fleurs-de-lis , a heraldic device of the Farnese family, from which Pope Paul III descended. Since the late 18th century, the lead bulla has been replaced with a red ink stamp of Saints Peter and Paul with

1457-596: The formula " Ego N. Catholicae Ecclesiae Episcopus " ("I, N., Bishop of the Catholic Church"). Following the signature in this case would be an elaborate monogram , the signatures of any witnesses, and then the seal. In modern times, a member of the Roman Curia signs the document on behalf of the pope, usually the Cardinal Secretary of State , and thus the monogram is omitted. The most distinctive characteristic of

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1504-429: The last in a succession of abbots over 800 years. The Romanesque tympanum over the main door was destroyed and was replaced in 1886 by the sculptor Eugène Dock. All the buildings constituting the abbey with its outbuildings were razed in the 19th century except for the wing of the abbey who has recently been the presbytery office. The abbey and its outbuildings have been rebuilt several times including in 1180 with

1551-403: The left, was shown with flowing hair and a long pointed beard composed of curved lines, while St. Peter, on the right, was shown with curly hair and a shorter beard made of dome-shaped globetti (beads in relief). Each head was surrounded by a circle of globetti , and the rim of the seal was surrounded by an additional ring of such beads, while the heads themselves were separated by a depiction of

1598-400: The material for these documents until the early years of the eleventh century, after which it was rapidly superseded by a rough kind of parchment . Modern scholars have retroactively used the word "bull" to describe any elaborate papal document issued in the form of a decree or privilege , solemn or simple, and to some less elaborate ones issued in the form of a letter. Popularly, the name

1645-449: The movement were Erasmus Gerber and Georg Ittel , respectively from Molsheim and Rosheim , established themselves with a group of 1500 men at their headquarters in Altorf, from where the contagion spread throughout the province in a week with their troops raiding monasteries and mistreating Jews. Father Nartz reported these events in his monograph of 1887: "From the first days of April,

1692-469: The original deed had been lost or destroyed. Since the 12th century, papal bulls have carried a leaden seal with the heads of the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul on one side and the pope's name on the other. Papal bulls were originally issued by the pope for many kinds of communication of a public nature, but by the 13th century, papal bulls were only used for the most formal or solemn of occasions. Papyrus seems to have been used almost uniformly as

1739-415: The powerful empire family of Eguisheim-Dabo came to Altorf in 1049 to honor his ancestors. He consecrated an altar to Saint Cyriac in 1079 and endowed it with relics (an arm of a saint, the remains of Santa Maria Via Lata from Rome). The reliquary in oriental style represents a bust in polychrome wood and with the words notitia altorfensis is one of the major parts of the Abbey (second part of

1786-515: The reconquest of the catholic Counter-Reformation , a reconquest which had been prepared by opening a college of Jesuits in Molsheim in 1580. The style and decoration of the church are particularly characteristic, very similar to those that can be seen in other Habsburg lands ( Vienna and Prague in particular). The epitaph of the Abbot Matern recounts success in 1686 in bringing the inhabitants of

1833-520: The reigning pope's name encircling the picture, though very formal letters, e.g. the bull of Pope John XXIII convoking the Second Vatican Council , still receive the leaden seal. Original papal bulls exist in quantity only after the 11th century onward, when the transition from fragile papyrus to the more durable parchment was made. None survives in entirety from before 819. Some original lead bullae , however, still survive from as early as

1880-518: The resilience of the plague and famine due to the harsh winters of the Little Ice Age . The demographic impact was probably comparable to that of other regions of the Holy Roman Empire, such as Württemberg who lost 80% of its population at the same time. In 1791, the abbey was dissolved by the revolutionaries and the thirteen Benedictine monks were forced to leave. Father Cyriakus Spitz became

1927-472: The same. List of Successive Mayors of Altorf The inhabitants of the commune are known as Altorfois or Altorfoises in French. The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments: The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments: This Benedictine church was founded in 960 by Hugh III of Eguisheim,

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1974-609: The second group was recruited closer to us: they gathered in the Val de Villé of Scherwiller at Saales and plundered the monastery of Honcourt and stole everything they could." The revolt was put down a few weeks later, on 20 May 1525 near Saverne , by Duke Antoine de Lorraine with 18,000 of the insurgents dead. The Thirty Years War originated in Bohemia with the Defenestration of Prague (1618) . It spread like wildfire from 1620 through

2021-568: The shedding blood in Altorf in 1262 when the village and monastery were burned by the Strasbourgers who were in revolt against Bishop Walter de Geroldseck. In 1525 there was the peasant revolt which sacked the abbey ( German Peasants' War ). Finally a century later during the Thirty Years War which included Swedish and French forces. In 1606, Altorf Abbey joined the Union of Bursfeld which included

2068-558: The tithe barn is part of the church and the rectory of the few elements of the abbey that still exist today. The cloister , the house, and the outbuildings were destroyed during the French Revolution and in the 19th century. The church formerly contained the tombs of the Dabo ancestors of Pope Leo IX and the House of Lorraine . Many other objects ( altar , chalice , etc.) are included in

2115-497: Was founded in 960 by Hugues III of Eguisheim called l'Enroue (Raucous), Count of Nordgau and his wife Countess Hewilde. His father, Count Eberhard IV was buried in the abbey in 972, sealing the connection between the family and Altorf. The abbey had was built following a cenobite community of monks called the Altum Coenobium , which was reported in 787, where the name of the abbey and village came from. Pope Leo IX , son of

2162-535: Was protected as a Historical Monument in 1932, registered in 1937, and gazetted in 1983. In 2000 the lintel of the door of the village ( Klostertor ) which was damaged in 1965 was restored. In 2001 the Tithe Barn ( Zehntelschir ) was transformed into a library. In 2004 the Abbey Gardens ( Hortus , herbarium , Pomarium ) were restored, equipped, and opened to the public. Azure, a meat-hook of Or hooked to an annulet

2209-423: Was rebuilt in the 12th century, then again in the 17th century after a fire, and, more significantly, in the 18th century. The church is unique and majestic through a combination of a Romanesque triple nave with sides in cut stone (17th century) in one part and baroque elements baroque in the other part with the choir and transept in masonry and stone from the first quarter of the 18th century. The centre

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