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95-431: The House of Rapperswil respectively Counts of Rapperswil ( Grafen von Rapperwil since 1233, before Lords ) ruled the upper Zürichsee and Seedamm region around Rapperswil and parts of, as of today, Swiss cantons of St. Gallen , Glarus , Zürich and Graubünden when their influence was most extensive around the 1200s until the 1290s. They acted also as Vogt of the most influential Einsiedeln Abbey in

190-514: A Roman era watchtower in conjunction with the Vicus Centum Prata , but for the present there are no archaeological findings. Due to the structural conditions, there never significant archaeological excavations were carried out, incidentally at the entire area of the Lindenhof and Herrenberg area. Likewise, there are few reliable data for the construction, only the renovations and the function of

285-451: A brand . For this purpose, the tower, the battlements and the herb garden were opened to the public. In 981 AD the assumably oldest vineyard on Lake Zurich lake shore, situated on the southern slope of the Lindenhof hill which is named Schlossberg was mentioned for the first time. On the castle's terrace, the eastern part of the so-called Lindenhof hill-square , the Polish freedom pillar

380-488: A handful of railway stations are present, such as Hurden , Rapperswil , Blumenau and Schmerikon ( Bollingen is closed since 2004). The line along the southern lake shore connecting Pfäffikon SZ , Altendorf , Lachen and Siebnen-Wangen in the canton of Schwyz, is provided by the Zurich S-Bahn lines S2 , S8 and S25 and IR35 . Buses are operated on both sides of the lake by the local Postauto providers and on

475-704: A lesser degree of Sägenbächlein, Wagner and Lehholz in Jona and the Linth with side channels in Schmerikon. Perennial systematic birdwatching and studies illustrate the importance of reed beds as an outstanding habitat for many bird species. Among the 15 most valuable ornithological reeds on Obersee include (Canton St. Gallen) Rapperswil Strandweg (rank 4), Bollingen Unter Stafflen (rank 7), Wurmsbach bay (rank 11), Wurmsbach nunnery (rank 12), and Schmerikoner Allmeind (rank 13). The extensive area of shallow water with its diverse flora and

570-469: A nature reserve. Together with an artificial island made of gravel, they form one of the most important waterfowl breeding areas. For this reason, fishing from the wooden bridge is prohibited, as is swimming and mooring boats in the area. Among the area around the Seedamm lake crossing and between Rapperswil and Busskirch , there are some more protected areas around Obersee. The Frauenwinkel protected area

665-558: A partially artificial road causeway and two bridges were added, to cross the most narrow and flatbedded area of the lake, carrying a railway line and road from Rapperswil to Pfäffikon . Seedamm divides the southeastern section of lower Zürichsee and Obersee , connected by the Hurden canal at Hurden, where also the Frauenwinkel protected area is situated. That bigger part of the Zürichsee to

760-413: Is a high a load with floating mineral particles which prevents colonization of the sea floor in greater depths. The grade of colonization of the shallow water zone has risen again since the last observation in 1978, which is directly related to the increase in the maximum colonization zone. The vegetation consists four-fifths of submerged plants and only about one-fifth of emerging plants. The latter includes

855-453: Is a popular anchoring and bathing place, which represents a potential failure and thus a conflict with the high value of the shore habitats. Disorders also produce sport canoeists, leisure boats and surfboards that circulate too close to the shore. Very vulnerable with respect to disturbances mentioned are the valuable shore sections on both sides of the harbour at the Rapperswil lido. Therefore,

950-549: Is a quarry that mines Bollinger Sandstein . Bollinger Sandstein (German name) or Bollingen Sandstone is a sandstone found on Obersee lake shore, namely between Bollingen and Uznach and the Buechberg area, in the cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz. Depending on the layer, the appearance and texture of the natural stone also varies, therefore distinct names have developed at the different mining locations: Güntliweid , Buechberg and Uznaberg . Bollinger-Lehholz sandstone

1045-574: Is celebrated on Lindenhof, at the Rathaus and Castle when in the evening all regional Guggenmusik (carnival marching bands) gather to celebrate a roaring concert. On the northern side of the Lindenhof plateau stretches a supervised Deer park with 10 to 15 Dama dama down towards the Kempratnerbucht which is a reminder of the legend of the castle's founding. It is also assumed a predecessor building,

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1140-506: Is documented: Wettingen Abbey in 1227, and the Mariazell- Wurmsbach Abbey in 1259. On 28 August 1232 a document confirms an exchange of goods between members of the noble families of Kyburg and Rapperswil in the villages of Oberwesin and Niderwesin that were in the possession of Kyburg to 1264 respectively of Rapperswil to 1283, the nucleus of the monastic community "in den Wyden", a community of lay women or beguines which

1235-530: Is interrupted by settlement patterns and transport systems, the amphibians have declined in these landscapes. With regard to a cross-linking of priority areas by the lake with the backlands, the most important amphibian spawning areas have been identified in 1997. Amphibian spawning areas of national importance are situated at the Allmeind areas in Jona and Schmerikon. At the Joner Allmeind two endangered species on

1330-452: Is larger than those of Frauenwinkel or of the Jona river and Wurmsbach stream. The present marshes only comprise a small fraction of the formerly extensive, extensively used reed and meadows which offered numerous animals and plants a wide habitat. Larger areas of the present nature reserve, such as the so-called Schüttinsel , were created on the deposits of non-recyclable residual material from

1425-457: Is located inmidst the protected area Nuoler Ried on the southern shore of the lake. The adjacent nature reserve Wägitaler Aa is a breeding ground paradise for various rare species of birds. In 1949 a private pilot, a flight instructor and the aviation pioneer Alfred Comte entered into a lease agreement with the Genossame (cooperative) Wangen. On 29 June 1950 for the first time a plane landed on

1520-470: Is mined between Jona and Bollingen . Since the incidence even partly is mined within the Güntliweid–Bätzimatt nature reserve , Bollinger sandstone usually is extracted with wire saws that cut the stone vertically in up to 60 metres (197 ft) deep shafts. For example, the present Lehholz quarry dates back to 1252 AD when Rudolf II von Rapperswil founded the nearby Wurmsbach Abbey in Jona. It

1615-470: Is missing, no data are available. For the inventory of the national fen asset protection zones, the Canton of St. Gallen evaluated and proposed, in accordance with the provisions in the national fen regulation, appropriate buffer zones, among them as fens of national importance : the lakeshore marshes west of Busskirch , Joner Allmeind marshes, the lakeside read area east of Wurmsbach , reed at Schmerikon and

1710-529: Is reinforced with a tower. The highest tower in the southwest is the donjon , commonly called Gügeliturm in Swiss-German language, where the so-called Hochwächter warned the residents against approaching danger or fire. The five-sided Zeitturm , a clock tower in the east, houses three bells and beside a sundial and two large clocks. Between these two towers the castle's six-storey palais is situated. In addition, ramparts respectively battlements are leading to

1805-512: Is situated on the Seedamm area in Hurden . Its reed and marsh belt has a maximal width of about 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) from the west to the east and a length of about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from the north to the south. The lake area towards Lützelau and Ufenau islands it also part of the protected area of about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi). Landward there is reed vegetation with large and small sedge flora, rushes, Iris sibirica , and

1900-613: Is situated, as a sign of Switzerland's solidarity with people who struggle for their freedom, as well a tiny rose garden . From there is also an impressing view over the medieval town of Rapperswil, upper and lower Lake Zurich , on the Seedamm and the wooden bridge from Rapperswil to Hurden and the Frauenwinkel protected area, and towards the Glarus Alps , as well as to the Bachtel mountain. Among other traditions, Eis-zwei-Geissebei

1995-489: Is the common name for the lower ( Untersee ) northwestern section of 68.2 square kilometres (26.3 sq mi), while the smaller southeastern upper ( Obersee ) lake area measures 20.8 square kilometres (8.0 sq mi), separated by the Seedamm causeway, a Molasse formation connecting Rapperswil with the Hurden peninsula. Before 1951 the annual water level fluctuated more than 1 metre (3.3 ft), but since then

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2090-679: Is the missing, extensively used transition to riparian vegetation. Geotopes comprise geological outcrops, boulders and river delta formations. Geological rock outcrops, i.e. scenically striking rocky ridges are found in Fuchsberg and Stafflen in Jona, Heilig Hüsli in Rapperswil and the Hörnli glacial erratic in Oberbollingen . Extensive river deltas included that of the Jona and Aabach in Schmerikon , to

2185-400: Is thus only around 10 weeks. In the near-surface layers of water, a slight upward trend in average temperature has been observed, resulting in the temperature stratification of the lake being more stable much longer into late summer. The increasingly warm winters result in incomplete mixing of lake water to the depths. The Walensee and Obersee are the main water suppliers for Zürichsee which

2280-588: Is to enforce these rules. Once a section of the Obersee area, the former easterly lake Tuggen was landed in the early 16th century AD and for the last time mentioned in 1535 AD. Parts of the former lake were situated in the Canton of Glarus , the larger western area in the canton of St. Gallen towards Uznach . In much earlier era, Obersee and Tuggenersee also were separated by the Buechberg hill, on those eastern side

2375-472: Is used in turn for more than a million inhabitants as drinking water storage. To ensure the quality of the drinking water supply, the water supply authorities of the city of Zurich therefore regularly examine the quality of these two lakes. The neighboring cantons of Zurich, Schwyz, Glarus and St. Gallen participate in the monitoring costs. Since the early 1970s the water quality has greatly improved thanks to extensive restructuring measures. Almost all residents in

2470-607: The Lindenhof hill . At that time, the House of Rapperswil had possessions in what is now Eastern and Central Switzerland. They bore the title of count from 1233, as a partisan of the Staufer kings. Besides also the Urseren valley in 1240, and since the 13th centuries, Lützelau island has belonged to the family, later to the community of Rapperswil (now called Ortsbürgergemeinde ); its sandstone

2565-482: The Fuchsberger Horn where a species-rich forest with oak and pine trees breeds. Also worth mentioning is the small wooded area at the far end of the upper Bollingen peninsula. Outside of urban areas, the bank is often planted with different density and broad trees stocks. Extensive shore sections are occupied by large, private gardens and parks. Although often non-native and exotic shrubs and trees species occur and

2660-668: The Grynau Castle is situated. Rapperswil Castle Rapperswil Castle ( Swiss German : Schloss Rapperswil ) is a castle , built in the early 13th century by the House of Rapperswil , in the formerly independent city of Rapperswil . The castle is located on the eastern Lake Zurich 's western Obersee lakeshore in Rapperswil , a locality of the Rapperswil-Jona municipality in Switzerland 's canton of St. Gallen . Since 1870

2755-604: The Habsburgs . Following the death of Ludwig von Homberg who left a son from Elisabeth, Werner, the countess married again with Rudolf of Habsburg-Laufenburg, son of the count of Kyburg. After her death she might have divided her patrimony. After Ursula's death in 1460, the Habsburg-Laufenburg patrimony fell to the County of Sulz. The genealogy is extremely patchy and incomplete, the family may be in fact extinct several times in

2850-632: The Rüti Abbey ) monastery was established; in 1267 it was united with the nearby Mariazell-Wurmsbach nunnery. St. Martin Busskirch is one of the oldest churches around the Lake Zürich and was until 1229 the parish church of the family. There even the citizens of Rapperswil had to attend services, until Count Rudolf II of Rapperswil built the Stadtpfarrkirche on Herrenberg next to the Rapperswil castle on

2945-538: The Seedamm causeway was built in 1878, the Heilig Hüsli chapel was the only remaining structure of the prehistorical and medieval lake crossings. It stood isolated in the lake and was not accessible to visitors until the reconstruction of the former wooden bridge was erected in 2001. The lake and the small islands between the chapel, the timber piles of the Rapperswil–Hurden bridge and the Seedamm are designated as

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3040-734: The bailiwick of Kempten in the area around the Töss Valley respectively in Eastern Switzerland. Assumably in compensation of claims related to the Alt-Rapperswil lands and rights, a change of goods occurred to establish the Bubikon Commandry , given by the Counts of Toggenburg and by the Counts of Rapperswil between 1191 and 1198. Although in concurrency to the neighbouring Rüti Abbey that

3135-407: The bird reserves of national importance Güntliweid up to Bätzimatt at Buechberg . The reserve is located on the south lake shore, at the foothills of Buechberg, and extends from the south of Bätzimatt at Schmerikon to Güntliweid east of Lachen. It is considered as a particularly valuable resting place for waders , and may be obtained as resting place for waders on the train, although there

3230-405: The 'male line', estimated at least around 1190 and according to historical documents at 1283, even the female line was continued by Elisabeth von Rapperswil . The line of counts of Rapperswil may be counted back to the 9th century, when their ancestors were called Counts of Wandelberg : This list is based on known genealogical trees of the family: Obersee (Z%C3%BCrichsee) Zürichsee

3325-517: The 1,740 square kilometres (672 sq mi) large catchment area are connected to sewage plants. Although every spring a circulation of the water occurs, often a visible lack of oxygen in July below a depth of 30 metres (98 ft) is observable, which lasts for several months. Following a 1978 inventory, in 1988 the University of Geneva took a second inventory of aquatic plants in the riparian zone of

3420-648: The 12th and 13th century, and at least three abbots of Einsiedeln were members of Rapperswil family. In 697 legends mentions a knight called Raprecht in connection with the later Grynau Castle . The former seat of the Vogt in Altendorf was first mentioned as "Rahprehteswilare" in a document of emperor Otto II , in which goods of the Einsiedeln abbey were confirmed on 14 August 972. The fourth Abbot of Einsiedeln , Wirunt (996–1026), or Wirendus, Wirund, Wem, Wirand, Verendus,

3515-669: The 14th abbot of Einsiedeln. In 1099 first mentioned, the donation of the St. Andreas Church was given by the House of Rapperswil as a spacious three-naved country church. The assumably legal connection with the church situated above the Uster Castle , due to the archaeological investigations of 1982 so far is not proven, but the pastoral rights were sold by Elisabeth von Rapperswil not earlier than 1300. Some fortifications, among them in Greifensee , Uster and Alt-Rapperswil were built probably in

3610-583: The 18-year-old Count Rudolf V , after which emperor Rudolf I acquired their fiefs. The Herrschaft Rapperswil proper passed to the house of Homberg represented by Count Ludwig († April, 27 1289) by first marriage of Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil . Around 1309 the bailiwick passed to Count Rudolf von Habsburg-Laufenburg († 1315) by second marriage of Countess Elisabeth, the sister of Rudolf V, followed by her son, Count Johann I († 1337 in Grynau ) and his son, Johann II († 1380). In 1350 an attempted coup by

3705-540: The 1960s and 1970s, but that since then at a low level takes place a slight recovery. Lily as floating leaf plants covered on Untersee 0.4 ha, with a declining trend; in contrast, a doubling Obersee on 2 ha can be detected. 56 of the 61 species in the entire Zürichsee colonize the upper lake and the lower lake 34. Most frequently represented are the pondweed ( Potamogeton ); 24 species are considered rare, more than 15 very rarely. In fact, there are no more original riverside forests on lake shore, except on steep slopes like

3800-527: The Counts Hans (Johann II), Rudolf and Gotfrid, and the city of Zürich; it was sealed on 19 September 1352, and the brothers had to confirm among others that they will also condone their relatives who supported the city of Zürich . The second document included that Johann's II imprisonment in Zürich shall be forgotten , all prisoners shall be released, and even Count Albrecht would support the city of Zürich against

3895-516: The Counts Rudolf, Gotfrid and Johan von Habsburg was regulated in a document on 1 July 1354: The remains of the former Herrschaft Rapperswil – Rapperswil and some surrounding villages excluding Jona – were sold by Count Johann II and his brothers, Rudolf (IV) and Gottfried (II), to the Habsburg family and partially ( Höfe ) to the city of Zürich, as the house of Rapperswil was not able to rebuild

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3990-597: The Homberg-Rapperswil line extinct with the death of Wernher von Homberg, and the Habsburg-Laufenburg line in 1408, when Johann IV von Habsburg-Laufenburg died without male heirs. Elisabeth gave up of her possessions in Western Switzerland to Wernher von Homberg (son from her first marriage) after the death of Wernher's father, and after her own death the remaining lands were inherited by the Laufenburg branch of

4085-595: The Lake Zurich Navigation Company – provides with its 17-passenger ships touristic services on Lake Zurich and also on Obersee , as well as the much smaller Hensa AG, based in Rapperswil . Public transport over the Seedamm is provided by the Zurich S-Bahn lines S5 and S40 , and along the northern shore by St. Gallen S-Bahn services S6 and S17 and the Voralpen-Express , although just

4180-570: The Red List ( Yellow-bellied toad and Pelophylax ) can be found in large to very large populations. Schmerikoner Allmeind is home to the same two endangered species. For both areas the preservation and promotion of natural corridors are required, and in Schmerikon along the Linth and the side channels a large-scale networking with Kaltenbrunner Riet and other protected areas in the Linthebene region. The few existing inventory data are compiled by

4275-449: The aristocratic opposition (a central person was Count Johann II ) in the city of Zurich was forcefully put down, and the town walls of Rapperswil and the castle were destroyed by Rudolf Brun . Eis-zwei-Geissebei , a Carnival festival hold in Rapperswil on Shrove Tuesday , may go back to the siege and destruction of the city of Rapperswil. The battlements and the castle were rebuilt by Albrecht II, Duke of Austria in 1352/54. After

4370-574: The castle has been home to the Polish National Museum established by Polish émigrés, including the castle's lessee and restorer, Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater . Schloss Rapperswil and the Museum are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as Class A objects of national importance. The medieval Altstadt of the city of Rapperswil is dominated by

4465-427: The castle is just partially accessible for the public. The impressing Rittersaal (knight's hall) and the historical wooden architecture, as well some pictures and tapestry include further points of interest. The city and local board of Rapperswil-Jona initiated in 2011 a new service and operating concept for the Rapperswil castle to provide the site as a touristic attraction and meeting place, and thus recognizable as

4560-479: The castle perched atop a longish rocky hill on the peninsula called Lindenhof hill on its western side respectively Herrenberg on its eastern side where the castle was built. It is surrounded on three sides by Lake Zurich and by those upper section on the northwestern Seedamm area. Thus, the castle was well protected, dominating the old town of Rapperswil, and controlling the water way between Walensee and Lake Zurich on its most narrow part, as well as

4655-497: The citizenry of Zürich . In compensation, the goods and lands of the äussere former councils had to be refund by the innere (meaning the Guild councils), as long as their property was not sold (by Brun's entourage). These restrictions also included Johann I's children – the German king had to vouch for Brun's regime, Duke Albrecht for Rapperswil and the underage Rapperswils Counts. The feud

4750-420: The competent fisheries overseer respectively a report in 1993. This is a rough, spatially highly generalized statement to the spawning grounds of Northern pike , Coregonus and Coregonus zugensis (commonly Albeli ). In addition to these specific fishing information, ecological data and studies on the other species of fish and their habitat requirements, but also to other creatures, such as crabs and mussels

4845-581: The counts Johans, Rudolf und Gotfrid von Habsburg so needed, sealed by Markgraf Ludwig von Brandenburg on 23 September 1352. Another document was related to the costs of the captivity of Rapperswil citizens in Zürich which was sealed on 20 May 1358 by relatives of the new lord Count Rudolf von Österreich in Rapreswile , namely Ott von Missouw, Fridrich von Waslze, Heinrich der Raspe, Heinrich der Brunner, Wolfgang von Winden, Johanse von Platzhein and Vogt Johans von Langenhart. The division of an estate between

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4940-460: The course of time, the castle fell into disrepair. In 1870 the castle was leased for 99 years from the local authorities by a post- November 1830 Uprising Polish émigré, Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater (a relative of Emilia Plater , a heroine of the same 1830 Uprising), who had been in Switzerland since 1844. At his own expense he restored the castle, and on 23 October 1870 the Polish National Museum

5035-449: The decline of the reed banks and the increase in interference from recovery operations and water sports on the lake shore, the number of breeding pairs is constantly decreasing. Today the Great reed warbler is acutely threatened. According to the Red List of endangered species in Switzerland, it is listed in the top risk category of disappearing birds whose survival in Switzerland is unlikely if

5130-463: The dispute over the inheritance. Nevertheless, around 1200 the Rapperswil Castle and the fortifications of the former locus Endingen (given by the Einsiedeln abbey) were built by Rudolf II and his son Rudolf III of Rapperswil . Officially in 1229, the town of Rapperswil was founded when the nobility of Rapperswil moved from Altendorf across the lake to Rapperswil, and a wave of foundations

5225-554: The documents related to their rights in Raprechtswile and their possessions in the March (Alt-Rapperswil) area. Furthermore, the document also included the Zürich councils ( äussere Bürger ) who refuged to Rapperswil and financial compensations by the former councils to Brun's entourage, they remained banned until 1342, and the äussere former councils had to pledge allegiance to the King and to

5320-515: The early 12th century by members of the family. The Vogts of Rapperswil were persons of influence in the so-called Marchenstreit between the people of Schwyz and the Einsiedeln abbey beginning around 1100. Around 1180 the lords of Rapperswil inherit the parish rights of Weisslingen and free float in Russikon, Erisberg, Luckhausen, Moosburg and in Kempthal, as well as the castles Greifenberg and Bernegg, and

5415-463: The east end of Obersee by the Linth canal (completed in 1816), and separated by the Buechberg hill. No other streams of importance flow into the Obersee besides the Linth and the much smaller Jona river . Obersee is characterized by its shallow depth and, compared to its volume, by the very large inflow from the Linth canal. The theoretical residence time of water in the upper lake at medium Linth inflow

5510-535: The entire lake area. The lake shore in the Canton of St. Gallen was divided into 50 portions of approximately 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length and described by 12 different parameters. The most important are the plants environmental information on aquatic plants (macrophytes), divided into reeds, floating plants and submerged vegetation (pondweed and stoneworts). The dense vegetation zones are generally between 1 metre (3.3 ft) and 4 metres (13.1 ft) up to 5 metres (16.4 ft) depth. Instead of nutrients there

5605-570: The extinction of the line of Habsburg-Laufenburg in 1442, the castle was given to the citizens of Rapperswil. Ending Old Zurich War , Rapperswil was controlled by the Swiss Confederation from 1458 to 1798 as a so-called Gemeine Herrschaft , i.e. under control of two cantons of the Old Swiss Conferation and their representative, a Vogt , and Rapperswil castle became an administration site respectively military base and prison. Over

5700-440: The family are widely missing, the modern research assumes that the original lineage is extinct and subsequently a dispute over inheritance may be broken. Therefore, the historians use the term Alt-Rapperswil (old line) and Neu-Rapperswil (new line). Likewise, it is assumed that there were strong family ties with the houses of Regensberg , Kyburg and Toggenburg (see Members of the family ), that may have been involved in

5795-437: The forgiveness of debt of Rapperswil, as some sources hypothesize. Some, if not most of the refugees, were decades before their exile vassals of the Counts of Rapperswil, including the ancient councilors family Bilgeri those members lost six of their seats in the council of Zürich. Johann I was killed in 1337 in the course of a battle at the Grynau Castle against Zürich-Toggenburg troops. Count Johann's children – Johann II,

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5890-467: The foundation of the Rüti Abbey . The castle and the fortifications of the former locus Endingen (given by the Einsiedeln Abbey ) were built by Count Rudolf II and his son Rudolf III von Rapperswil , when the nobility of Rapperswil moved from Altendorf ( Alt-Rapperswil ) across the lake to the other side of the so-called Seedamm , maybe to establish their own parish church and to avoid to go

5985-608: The grass runway of the airfield. Since 1957 also seaplanes use the lake shore area, being today – the Ad Astra Aero airport at Zürichhorn was closed around 1931 – the last water airfield in Switzerland. The airfield track has been paved in 1967, and the airport is equipped with a VASI approach aid. The boat density on the lake is by far the highest in Switzerland: around 3,000 private boats (1.44 boats per hectare) according to studies of 1978/79 and 1.21 boats per hectare in 1972 on an area of 20.8 square kilometres (8.0 sq mi) resulting in considerable disturbances to wildlife and

6080-506: The lawns usually are intensively cultivated, the upstream water habitats often form relatively low-noise buffer areas to the underlying recreation, transport and settlement areas. At several banks sections butt agricultural meadows and pastures directly to the water. However, the upper Bollingen peninsula is the only major agricultural area with lake access. All remaining grasslands have less than 50 metres (164 ft) lake access and are usually relatively little interference. A disadvantage often

6175-451: The marinecontrol regulations prohibit to motorboats shore independent movements within the 150 metres (492 ft) zone and slow driving within the 300 metres (984 ft) zone. For sailboats and motorboats a minimum distance of 25 metres (82 ft) from reeds and water lilies when anchoring and sailing. Individual bank sections are marked with yellow buoys, which means that these zones are closed to all vessels. The maritime police's mission

6270-438: The medieval Gotthard Pass route between Lombardy and Zurich , and the Jakobsweg (Way of St. James) to the Einsiedeln Abbey . The castle is situated next to Stadtpfarrkirche Rapperswil and the present cemetery chapel , and (to the east) neighboured by former small castle, as of today the Stadtmuseum Rapperswil . Rapperswil Castle dates back around 1200 to 1220 AD, and it was first mentioned in 1229 on occasion of

6365-429: The mess, by crossing the lake, in St. Martin Busskirch . As before in the 11th and 12th century AD, the family acted as Vogt of the Einsiedeln Abbey. Sandstone from the Lützelau island was used to build the castle, the town walls and the city. The chapel adjoining the ossuary dates back to the time when the parish passed from the Busskirch church to the Rapperswil church and accordingly an inner city cemetery

6460-403: The nearby gravel extraction. Schmerikoner Ried is a reed located on the northeastern lake shore in the Linthebene area towards the Grynau Castle . The protected area was set under federal protection as a low-moor bog of national importance (German: Bundesinventar der Flachmoore von nationaler Bedeutung ) in 1994. On the southwestern side, between Grynau and Lachen there is namely

6555-411: The northeastern lake shore. From Tuggen there's also a historical road heading from the former granary at the Grynau Castle over the Buechberg hill towards Siebnen . In general, the southern side of the lake is not as developed for tourism, although the Lachen lido is very popular. Also often frequented is the lido of Schmerikon at the Linth canal's estuary. The private airfield Wangen-Lachen

6650-528: The northeastern shore by the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürichsee und Oberland , respectively, in addition to local buses within Rapperswil-Jona . The pathway between Rapperswil and Schmerikon , and the wooden bridge in the Seedamm area are very popular for hiking, as well as the 'fishing village' Hurden on its southern side is often frequented by tourists. Knie's Kinderzoo situated on lake shore in Rapperswil, Busskirch , Wurmsbach Abbey and Bollingen in Jona towards Schmerikon are other points of interests on

6745-450: The oldest of three sons, Rudolf and Gotfrid (and their sister Agnes) – were set under guardianship of Albrecht, Duke of Austria, sealed by a document between the city of Zürich and the German King respectively Duke Albrecht on 21 November 1337. The document included also a peace contract and regulations, but as well as the documents in the following years − between the city of Zürich and Austria – It included among others: Johann's children got

6840-441: The plumage change frequent disruptions for waterfowl can have deadly consequences. Also important are the widest possible retreat as cover for frightened animals. Many of the most attractive landscapes shore of Zürichsee are located in the section of the Canton of St. Gallen. Accordingly, there is rush of boats from the lower lake area, i.e. west of the Seedamm isthmus, on nice summer days. The environmentally sensitive Wurmsbach bay

6935-476: The rare Gentiana pneumonanthe . In certain places even transition and high marsh occurs. In the nature reserve there are European rarities, among them Phengaris alcon , Eurasian curlew and Gentiana pneumonanthe , as well as Ruspolia nitidula , a small snail. Nuoler Ried is a reed located on the north end of a large plane that was filled by the Wägitaler Aa and Spreitenbach streams. This delta

7030-401: The reed area in front of HSR area and Knie's Kinderzoo in Rapperswil . Fens of regional and local importance include the reed area east of the Busskirch church, the reed area south of Hessenhof, the small area at the parking side of the Jona mouth ( Stampf ), the embankment and so-called Kormoraninsel at Stampf , as well as the bay to the west of the upper Bollingen peninsula. After

7125-405: The reedbed: In 1850 90 hectares (222 acres) of reed beds were alone in the lower lake area yet been demonstrated. A comparison of aerial photographs from 1954 and 1987 shows in most shore sections of the machining area a significant decrease in the reed beds. The reed area has increased from 1978 to 1987 in the upper lake from 15 to 16 ha. It can be concluded that the reed banks are mostly declined in

7220-544: The remaining bailiwick's rights passed to Count Rudolf († 1315) of Habsburg-Laufenburg by second marriage of Elisabeth of Rapperswil, the sister of Rudolf V, followed by her son, Count Johann I († 1337) and his son, Johann II († 1380). On 12 July 1336 Rudolf Brun , mayor of the city of Zürich, defeated his political opponents, the former members of the Rat (council) of Zürich, of which around 12 members found refuge by count Johann I in Rapperswil. The feud (German: Fehde ) of

7315-513: The riparian vegetation by the private boat traffic, as well as by the airfield. Disturbance sensitive species are those which have a large flight distance, such as Grebes and Little grebes , Common moorhen , Water rail , Gadwall and Tufted duck . These animals leave in disorders rapidly their habitat, return either not or return with some delay, only after elimination of the fault. The flight distance when passing motor and sailing boats can be up to 500 metres (1,640 ft). During

7410-427: The so-called Äusseres Zürich coalition was supported by the Rapperswil bailiwick, some knights and noble families, and Count Johann became the leader of the opposition in the city of Zürich . Latter was supported among others by the House of Toggenburg as its military arm, as well as by the Einsiedeln Abbey which supported Brun's regime. The counselors hoped for support by Count Johann and offered probably in return

7505-421: The still widespread shore trees play an extremely important role for many bird species, both as food, breeding and resting place. A critical phase in the evolution of birds is the time of moulting , during which they are more or less incapable of flying and depending on quiet water areas. The Reed warblers inhabit the seaward edges of the reed belts and need significantly more space than other reed birds. Due to

7600-563: The third tower in the northwest, the so-called Pulverturm (powder tower). From 1698 to 1837 there was a drawbridge, at the present lower gate towards the former castle chapel . The French revolutionary troops plundered the castle's interior in 1798. Inside the castle's palais, there is located next to the Polish Museum the Schloss Restaurant . After hours visits are available by appointment, as well as guided tours for groups, although

7695-415: The threats continue. In Obersee area are three important resting places of waders: Joner Allmeind annually depending on the water level in spring and autumn, Rapperswil in winter and Schmerikoner Allmeind in spring and autumn. Many amphibian species are dependent on both natural waters for spawning, as well as on adjacent food and wintering areas. Because the connection between these two partial habitats

7790-554: The town and the destroyed castles – the rights passed over to Albrecht II, Duke of Habsburg-Austria. All rights related to lands in the Höfe district including the settlements at Bäch, Pfäffikon and Wollerau were sold by Count Goetfrid von Habsburg -Rapperswil on 19 May 1358. Although Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil was able to continue the line and secured the Habsburg-Laufenburg line the extensive possessions of Rapperswil in Zürichgau. But

7885-403: The water level is strictly regulated and therefore between summer and winter differs an average of 40 centimetres (15.7 in). The average lake level is now at 406 metres above sea level , while Obersee and Untersee differ by only 1 centimetre (0.39 in). The Seedamm between Rapperswil and Hurden was used since about 5,000 years as a historical lake crossing . Since the 1870s

7980-527: The west of the Seedamm, is largely situated in the canton of Zurich , smaller parts in the cantons of Schwyz and St. Gallen ( Kempraten and Rapperswil ), whilst the upper lake is shared just between the cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz . Zürichsee was formed by the Linth river , which rises in the glaciers of the Glarus Alps . In 1811 the Escher canal was completed, which diverted the Linth river into Walensee (Lake Walen) from where its waters are carried to

8075-540: Was Count Rudolf IV von Rapperswil donated certain duties, and lands "in den Widen" to establish the Dominikanerinnenkloster Maria Zuflucht in 1259. Initially, the community was supported by Predigerkloster Zürich because its close relationship to the House of Rapperswil. On the peninsula at Oberbollingen , the St. Nicholas Chapel is mentioned, where around 1229 a small Cistercian (first associated with

8170-442: Was according to 15th-century chronists a Graf von Wandelburg of the Rapperswil family. Wandelburg may be another name of the Grynau Castle at the Buechberg hill on Obersee lake shore. According to the abbey's archives there are no reliable sources about Wirunt's origin. Other unreliable sources mention that Rudolf I (1090–1101) the 9th abbot was a member of the Rapperswil family. Ulrich I von Rapperswil (1192–1206) became

8265-715: Was built in 1757 with stone from the Buechberg quarry. It was also used for the Fraumünster and Grossmünster churches in Zurich, as well as for the Einsiedeln and St. Gallen abbeys. Almost 2,000 cubic metres (70,629 cu ft) of sandstone still are mined (as of 2004) annually, usually 5 metres (16 ft) wide and about 3.5 metres (11 ft) high blocks weighing approximately 16 tonnes, even up to 25 tonnes. Cantons : SZ , SG . The Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft –

8360-459: Was conducting a petition campaign to retain the Museum in the castle, but although the Stadtmuseum (museum of local history was kept respectively renewed at its location at the nearby Breny house at Herrenberg in 2012/13, indeed, the future of the Polish Museum remains unsure. Rebuilt by Duke Albert II, since 1354 the castle forms an almost equilateral triangle, and each corner of the castle

8455-418: Was continued Johann II in the late 1340s, but there also were a short time alliance with the city of Zürich: On 28 September 1343 Count Johann II and his brothers Rudolf and Gotfried von Habsburg and the citizens of Rapperswil signed a document for an eternal confederacy with the city council and the citizens of Zürich. An attempted coup by the aristocratic opposition, known as äusseres Zürich , in Zürich

8550-400: Was established. Except for two hiatuses (1927 to 1936 and 1952 to 1975), the museum has existed to the present day — an outpost of Polish culture in Switzerland. In 2008 some Rapperswil residents petitioned local authorities to evict the Polish Museum from its home in the castle, as two historical museum locations ( Stadtmuseum and Polish Museum) estimated to be too expensive. The museum

8645-465: Was established. The first chapel was associated to the castle, but the chapel was located outside of its walls and separated by a trench. The preceding building of the Liebfrauenkapelle was built as an ossuary around 1220 to 1253. The charnel house was first mentioned as intra cymeterium ecclesia , meaning church in the cemetery. The Counts of Rapperswil became extinct in 1283 with the death of

8740-405: Was forcefully put down on 23/24 February 1350: Count Johann II, now the opposition's leader, was arrested for two years, and the town walls of Rapperswil, its castle and Altendorf castle were destroyed by Brun in 1350. The peace agreement on 1 September 1352 between Count Albrecht von Oesterreich and the city of Zürich was adjusted by two furthers documents. The first one was the agreement between

8835-417: Was founded in 1206, the commandery's lands and goods grew with donations by local noble families during the 13th and 14th centuries. The house (lords) of Rapperswil was first mentioned before 1192 in a large numbers of documents, for the last time around 1206 related to the abbot Rudolf of (Alt)-Rapperswil, and since 1233 as Grafen (counts) of Rapprechtswilare. As between 1192 and 1220 documentary mentions of

8930-525: Was transferred with oxen to the lake shore transshipping point to be shipped with so-called Ledi boats towards the present Sechsläutenplatz Zurich far into the 19th century. Particularly the present municipality of Zurich used the Bollingen quarries for the construction of countless public and private buildings, for example, the cathedral towers and the city fortifications, or the Zunfthaus zur Meisen that

9025-608: Was used to build the Rapperswil castle, the parish church and the town walls. The house of Rapperswil became extinct again in 1283, with the death of the 18-year-old Count Rudolf V, after which emperor Rudolf I acquired their fiefs, and the family had to sold large parts of the former bailiwick. Great parts of the remaining property of the Herrschaft Rapperswil passed to the house of Homberg, represented by Count Ludwig († April 27, 1289) by first marriage of Elisabeth von Rapperswil and their son, Wernher von Homberg . Around 1309

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