63-672: The Renault 5 E-Tech is a B-segment battery electric car by French manufacturer Renault that will begin production in 2024. Inspired by the original Renault 5 in styling, the 5 E-Tech was previewed by a concept car shown in January 2021, with the production model being officially unveiled at the Geneva International Motor Show in February 2024. Development of the Renault 5 E-Tech began from an orange life-size design mockup that
126-517: A series powertrain are also called range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs), such as the Chevrolet Volt and Fisker Karma . Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are a subcategory of electric vehicles that includes battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs). The electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (aka all-combustion vehicles) belong to one of
189-536: A solar PV system on Adelaide's central bus station . Rides are zero-fare as part of Adelaide's public transport system. Proterra 's EcoRide BE35 transit bus, called the Ecoliner by Foothill Transit in West Covina, California, is a heavy-duty, fast charge, battery-electric bus. Proterra's ProDrive drive-system uses a UQM motor and regenerative braking that captures 90 percent of the available energy and returns it to
252-442: A carbon fibre body and a combined output of 280 kW (380 hp) / 700 N⋅m (520 lbf⋅ft) using two electric traction motors, one for each rear wheel. The battery has a storage capacity of 42 kWh. The chassis is a FIA-compliant steel spaceframe. The total weight of the car is 1,500 kg (3,307 lb), of which slightly more than 1 ⁄ 3 is the battery, at 520 kg (1,146 lb). Estimated performance
315-482: A distance of 3,100,000 kilometres (1,900,000 mi). They were made locally by Advanced Vehicle Systems. Two of these buses were used for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Beginning in the summer of 2000, Hong Kong Airport began operating a 16-passenger Mitsubishi Rosa electric shuttle bus, and in the fall of 2000, New York City began testing a 66-passenger battery-powered school bus , an all-electric version of
378-662: A distinct structure specially designed by Vasarely. It was inaugurated in 1976 by French president Georges Pompidou , two years after his death. The museum is now in a state of disrepair, several of the pieces on display have been damaged by water leaking from the ceiling. Also, in 1976 his large kinematic object Georges Pompidou was installed in the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Vasarely Museum located at his birthplace in Pécs , Hungary,
441-517: A jewel-like look. It was styled by Pierre Gonalons , who stated his goal was to "merge automotive codes with those of interior decoration". The Diamant will be auctioned in fall 2022, with proceeds to benefit Give Me 5. Details on the powertrain were not released. A sporty restomod version of the Renault 5 Turbo , dubbed the Renault R5 Turbo 3E and inspired by the 5 Turbo and Turbo 2, was unveiled at
504-670: A maximum loaded weight of 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg). The concept of battery electric vehicles is to use charged batteries on board vehicles for propulsion. Battery electric cars are becoming more and more attractive with the higher oil prices and the advancement of new battery technology ( lithium-ion ) that have higher power and energy density (i.e., greater possible acceleration and more range with fewer batteries). Compared to older battery types such as lead-acid batteries. Lithium-ion batteries for example now have an energy density of 0.9–2.63 MJ/L whereas lead-acid batteries had an energy density of 0.36 MJ/L (so 2.5 to 7.3x higher). There
567-581: A minimal number of forms and colours: In October 1967, designer Will Burtin invited Vasarely to make a presentation to Burtin's Vision '67 conference, held at New York University. On 5 June 1970, Vasarely opened his first dedicated museum with over 500 works in a renaissance palace in Gordes (closed in 1996). A second major undertaking was the Foundation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence , a museum housed in
630-432: A powered variant of the cycle rickshaw . The large-scale adoption of electric two-wheelers can reduce traffic noise and road congestion but may necessitate adaptations of the existing urban infrastructure and safety regulations. Ather Energy from India has launched their BLDC motor powered Ather 450 electric scooter with Lithium Ion batteries in 2018. Also from India, AVERA – a new and renewable energy company
693-589: A revived Renault 4 . Renault initially denied the 5 EV would replace the Zoe , but later reversed their stance. Standardization of the platform and battery technology is expected to reduce production costs by 33% compared to the Zoe, as many components are reused from the CMF-B platform used in the Clio V . The Renault 5 EV will share its platform with the upcoming Nissan Micra EV. Styling
SECTION 10
#1732859498886756-962: Is 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 3.5 seconds with a top speed of 124 mph (200 km/h). Battery electric car A battery electric vehicle ( BEV ), pure electric vehicle , only-electric vehicle , fully electric vehicle or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses energy exclusively from an on-board battery . This definition excludes hybrid electric vehicles . BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs) for propulsion. They derive all power from battery packs and thus have no internal combustion engine, fuel cell , or fuel tank . BEVs include – but are not limited to – motorcycles, bicycles, scooters, skateboards, railcars, watercraft, forklifts, buses, trucks, and cars. In 2016, there were 210 million electric bikes worldwide used daily. Cumulative global sales of highway-capable light-duty pure electric car vehicles passed
819-465: Is consumed. A country with a high share of renewable energy in its electricity mix will have a low C.I. In the European Union, in 2013, the carbon intensity had a strong geographic variability but in most of the member states, electric vehicles were "greener" than conventional ones. On average, electric cars saved 50–60% of CO 2 emissions compared to diesel and gasoline fuelled engines. Moreover,
882-470: Is expected to retain the front-motor, front-wheel drive layout of the Renault 5 E-Tech, but the track will be wider for a sportier look. On 9 May 2023, Alpine unveiled the A290_β, a concept car that previews the production model. However, before the official debut, two photos of the model were accidentally leaked online. The production A290 was unveiled on June 13, 2024 before the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The design
945-467: Is going to launch two models of electric scooters at the end of 2018, with Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery technology. India is the world’s biggest market for bicycles at 22 million units per year. By 2024, electric two-wheelers will be a $ 2 billion market with over 3 million units being sold in India. The Indian government is launching schemes and incentives to promote the adoption of electric vehicles in
1008-457: Is identical to the concept. the base GT Premium is powered by a 130 kW (180 hp) electric motor, while the more powerful GTS has a 160 kW (220 hp) electric motor from the Mégane E-Tech that accelerates to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 6.4 seconds. The battery has a capacity of 52 kWh and a range of 380 km (236 miles). As part of Renault's 50th anniversary celebrations of
1071-452: Is mounted on the bonnet, behind a door just in front of the driver on the left-hand side designed to resemble the air intake on the original R5. The Renault 5 E-Tech will be produced at Renault ElectriCity, formed from the Douai , Maubeuge , and Ruitz factories in northern France; assembly will occur at Douai, using components built at Ruitz and a motor from Cléon. The pre-production prototypes of
1134-425: Is needed. This DC power is supplied by the battery pack, and the controller regulates the power to the motor, supplying either variable pulse width DC or variable frequency variable amplitude AC, depending on the motor type. The controller also handles regenerative braking , whereby electrical power is gathered as the vehicle slows down and this power recharges the battery. In addition to power and motor management,
1197-516: Is referred to as a battery pack , which is a group of multiple battery modules and cells. For example, the Tesla Model S battery pack has up to 7,104 cells, split into 16 modules with 6 groups of 74 cells in each. Each cell has a nominal voltage of 3–4 volts , depending on its chemical composition. Electric cars have traditionally used series wound DC motors, a form of brushed DC electric motor . Separately excited and permanent magnet are just two of
1260-517: Is still a long way to go if comparing it to petroleum-based fuels and biofuels, however (gasoline having an energy density of 34.2 MJ/L -38x to 12.92x higher- and ethanol having an energy of 24 MJ/L -26x to 9.12x higher-). This is partially offset by higher conversion efficiency of electric motors – BEVs travel roughly 3x further than similar-size internal combustion vehicles per MJ of stored energy. BEVs include automobiles , light trucks , and neighborhood electric vehicles . Battery electric trains in
1323-597: Is used to power the Mountain View Community Shuttles. This technology was supported by the California Energy Commission, and the shuttle program is being supported by Google. Thunder Sky (based in Hong Kong) builds lithium-ion batteries used in submarines and has three models of electric buses, the 10/21 passenger EV-6700 with a range of 280 km (170 mi) under 20 mins quick-charge,
SECTION 20
#17328594988861386-661: The Blue Bird TC/2000 . A similar bus was operated in Napa Valley, California , for 14 months ending in April 2004. The 2008 Beijing Olympics used a fleet of 50 electric buses, which have a range of 130 km (81 mi) with the air conditioning on. They use lithium-ion batteries , and consume about 1 kW⋅h/mi (0.62 kW⋅h/km; 2.2 MJ/km). The buses were designed by the Beijing Institute of Technology and built by
1449-531: The Chantilly Concours d'Elegance [ fr ] on September 25, 2022, also being present at the 2022 Paris Motor Show in October. The car was developed and built by Ligier with input from Yvan Muller . The Turbo 3E is 4,000 mm (157.5 in) long, 2,000 mm (78.7 in) wide, and 1,320 mm (52.0 in) tall, with a wheelbase of 2,540 mm (100.0 in) on a tubular chassis with
1512-516: The Fiat 500 (2007) , de Meo saw the possibilities of a revived R5. The exterior of the R5 Prototype was designed by Nicolas Jardin. Although the R5 Prototype is a five-door hatch, the rear door handles are hidden to be reminiscent of the original R5 of 1972 which was available as a three-door hatch and as a five-door from 1979. According to Renault Executive Vice President for Engineering Gilles le Borgne ,
1575-827: The Lot département . After the Second World War , he opened an atelier in Arcueil , a suburb about 10 kilometers from the center of Paris (in the Val-de-Marne département of the Île-de-France ). In 1961, he finally settled in Annet-sur-Marne (in the Seine-et-Marne département ). Vasarely eventually went on to produce art and sculpture using optical illusion . Over the next three decades, Vasarely developed his style of geometric abstract art, working in various materials but using
1638-588: The United States , the first battery-electric, fast-charge bus has been in operation in Pomona, California , since September 2010 at Foothill Transit . The Proterra EcoRide BE35 uses lithium-titanate batteries and is able to fast-charge in less than 10 minutes. In 2012, heavy-duty trucks and buses contributed 7% of global warming emissions in California. In 2014, the first production model all-electric school bus
1701-405: The brushless DC electric motor . Once electric power is supplied to the motor (from the controller), the magnetic field interaction inside the motor will turn the drive shaft and ultimately the vehicle's wheels. EV battery storage is a key element for the global energy transition which is dependent on more electricity storage right now. As energy availability is the most important factor for
1764-464: The 1890s. Battery vehicle milk floats expanded in 1931, and by 1967, gave Britain the largest electric vehicle fleet in the world. Hybrid electric vehicles use both electric motors and internal combustion engines, and are not considered pure or all-electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles whose batteries can be charged externally are called plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and run as BEVs during their charge-depleting mode. PHEVs with
1827-647: The 20th century, the majority of the world's battery electric road vehicles were British milk floats . The 21st century saw the massive development of BYD electric trucks. In March 2012, Smith Electric Vehicles announced the release of the Newton Step-Van, an all-electric, zero-emission vehicle built on the versatile Newton platform that features a walk-in body produced by Indiana-based Utilimaster . BYD supplies DHL with electric distribution fleet of commercial BYD T3 . Although electric cars often give good acceleration and have generally acceptable top speed,
1890-725: The CMF-BEV platform. An electric Renault 5 was announced in January 2021 as part of Groupe Renault 's strategic plan "Renaulution" covering the period 2021–2025+; the Renault marque has branded their effort "Nouvelle Vague" (New Wave), with the goal of offering the most complete electrified and hydrogen fuel cell lineup by 2025. The R5 prototype uses a small battery electric variant of the Renault–Nissan Common Module Family platform, initially designated CMF–B EV and later named AmpR Small. CMF–B EV will be used in additional forthcoming small cars, including an electric version of
1953-619: The EV-2009 city buses, and the 43 passenger EV-2008 highway bus, which has a range of 300 km (190 mi) under quick-charge (20 mins to 80 percent), and 350 km (220 mi) under full charge (25 mins). The buses will also be built in the United States and Finland. Tindo is an all-electric bus from Adelaide, Australia . The Tindo (aboriginal word for sun) is made by Designline International in New Zealand and gets its electricity from
Renault 5 E-Tech - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-476: The Jinghua Coach. The batteries are replaced with fully charged ones at the recharging station to allow 24-hour operation of the buses. In France , the electric bus phenomenon is in development, but some buses are already operating in numerous cities. PVI, a medium-sized company located in the Paris region, is one of the leaders of the market with its brand Gepebus (offering Oreos 2X and Oreos 4X ). In
2079-630: The Mexico City ePrix takes place on a road course, a modified version of the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez. Special-purpose vehicles come in a wide range of types, ranging from relatively common ones such as golf carts , things like electric golf trolleys , milk floats , all-terrain vehicles , neighborhood electric vehicles , and a wide range of other devices. Certain manufacturers specialize in electric-powered "in plant" work machines. Three-wheeled vehicles include electric rickshaws ,
2142-528: The R5 were built in the Technocentre facility near Paris that imitates the manufacturing process of the regular factories. Over 60 units of the R5 were built for testing and validation purposes before large-scale production commences. An Alpine -branded high-performance variant is planned, and will use the more powerful traction motor from the Mégane E-Tech, which is rated at 160 kW (210 hp). The Alpine variant
2205-469: The Renault 5 EV is expected to be priced starting from €20–25,000; options will include one of two battery packs (40 kWh or 52 kWh), with an expected range of 400 km (250 mi) using the latter. The battery is expected to use NMC chemistry. DC fast charging will be an added-cost option, and should match the maximum rate (130 kW) of the Renault Mégane E-Tech . The charging port
2268-541: The TerraVolt energy storage system, which in turn increases the total distance the bus can drive by 31–35 percent. It can travel 30–40 miles (48–64 km) on a single charge, is up to 600 percent more fuel-efficient than a typical diesel or CNG bus, and produces 44 percent less carbon than CNG. Proterra buses have had several problems, most notably in Philadelphia where the entire fleet was removed from service. For most of
2331-573: The benefit of UNESCO . In 1987, the second Hungarian Vasarely museum was established in Zichy Palace in Budapest with more than 400 works. He died age 90 in Paris on 15 March 1997. A new Vasarely exhibit was mounted in Paris at Musée en Herbe in 2012. The original UK cover for David Bowie 's second album ' David Bowie ' (1969) features Vasarely's work in the background. In 2019, a temporary exhibition of Vasarely's work titled Le Partage des Formes
2394-490: The controller performs various safety checks such as anomaly detection, functional safety tests and failure diagnostics. Most electric vehicles today use an electric battery , consisting of electrochemical cells with external connections in order to provide power to the vehicle. Battery technology for EVs has developed from early lead-acid batteries used in the late 19th century to the 2010s, to lithium-ion batteries which are found in most EVs today. The overall battery
2457-554: The country, and is aiming to be a manufacturing hub for electric vehicles within the next five years. China has experienced an explosive growth of sales of non-assisted e-bikes including the scooter type, with annual sales jumping from 56,000 units in 1998 to over 21 million in 2008, and reaching an estimated 120 million e-bikes on the road in early 2010. China is the world's leading manufacturer of e-bikes, with 22.2 million units produced in 2009. An increasing variety of personal transporters are being manufactured, including
2520-620: The de-carbonisation process is constantly reducing the GHG emissions due to the use of electric vehicles. In the European Union, on average, between 2009 and 2013 there was a reduction in the electricity carbon intensity of 17%. In a life-cycle assessment perspective, considering the GHG necessary to build the battery and its end-of-life, the GHG savings are 10–13% lower. Victor Vasarely Victor Vasarely ( French: [viktɔʁ vazaʁeli] ; born Győző Vásárhelyi , Hungarian: [ˈvaːʃaːrhɛji ˈɟøːzøː] ; 9 April 1906 – 15 March 1997)
2583-516: The demonstration being the production version of the Renault 5 EV, the first time it has been shown without camouflage. In March 2023, journalists had the opportunity to test a development mule of the production version, scheduled for a release in 2024. 'Vehicle check' prototypes, using near-final bodies and chassis, were tested starting in July 2023. These prototypes also serve to test the production processes. Prior development prototypes used Clio bodies on
Renault 5 E-Tech - Misplaced Pages Continue
2646-446: The development and organized intense critical discussions that led to some design changes, with an employee calling the car the "boss's car" that they "couldn’t afford to make mistakes". Renault had to drastically reduce the normal development time for the Renault 5 from four years to three years, which it achieved by using the CMF-B platform as the base. Around 1,100 parts was used to build
2709-419: The electricity is generated. Electric cars are having a major impact in the auto industry given advantages in city pollution , less dependence on oil and combustion, and scarcity and expected rise in gasoline prices. World governments are pledging billions to fund development of electric vehicles and their components. Formula E is a fully electric international single-seater championship. The series
2772-481: The electricity used to power them may do so in its generation. The two factors driving the emissions of battery electric vehicles are the carbon intensity of the electricity used to recharge the Electric Vehicle (commonly expressed in grams of CO 2 per kWh) and the consumption of the specific vehicle (in kilometers/kWh). The carbon intensity of electricity varies depending on the source of electricity where it
2835-670: The form of BEMUs (battery electric multiple units) are operated commercially in Japan . They are charged via pantographs , either when driving on electrified railway lines or during stops at specially equipped train stations. They use battery power for propulsion when driving on railway lines that are not electrified, and have successfully replaced diesel multiple units on some such lines. Other countries have also tested or ordered such vehicles. Chattanooga, Tennessee , operates nine zero-fare electric buses, which have been in operation since 1992 and have carried 11.3 million passengers and covered
2898-604: The lower specific energy of production batteries available in 2015 compared with carbon-based fuels means that electric cars need batteries that are a fairly large fraction of the vehicle mass but still often give a relatively low range between charges. Recharging can also take significant lengths of time. For journeys within a single battery charge, rather than long journeys, electric cars are practical forms of transportation and can be recharged overnight. Electric cars can significantly reduce city pollution by having zero emissions . Vehicle greenhouse gas savings depend on how
2961-550: The one million unit milestone in September 2016. As of October 2020 , the world's top selling all-electric car in history is the Tesla Model 3 , with an estimated 645,000 sales, followed by the Nissan Leaf with over 500,000 sales as of September 2020 . During the 1880s, Gustave Trouvé , Thomas Parker and Andreas Flocken built experimental electric cars, but the first practical battery electric vehicles appeared during
3024-419: The one-wheeled self-balancing unicycles , self-balancing scooters , electric kick scooters , and electric skateboards . Several battery electric ships operate throughout the world, some for business. Electric ferries are being operated and constructed. The motor controller receives a signal from potentiometers linked to the accelerator pedal, and it uses this signal to determine how much electric power
3087-454: The original R5 in 1972, was illuminated and updated for the R5 EV prototype. Work on the new logo predated the car, under a contract awarded to Landor & Fitch in 2019. The revised logo is scheduled to be deployed across the Renault range by 2020. The initial design was sketched by François Leboine; when Luca de Meo joined the company in July 2020 from Fiat, where he had overseen the launch of
3150-515: The original R5 in 2022, the manufacturer presented two " electromods ": restomods of the original R5, repowered with electric drivetrains. These were similar conceptually to contemporaneous electrified restomods such as the Hyundai Heritage Series and Ford F-100 Eluminator . The R5 Diamant is a one-off vehicle that uses the original R5 body panels and silhouette with detail updates, such as protruding headlights and taillights providing
3213-620: The private Podolini-Volkmann Academy. In 1928/1929, he enrolled at Sándor Bortnyik 's private art school called Műhely (lit. "Workshop", in existence until 1938), then widely recognized as Budapest's center of Bauhaus studies. Cash-strapped, the műhely could not offer all that the Bauhaus offered. Instead, it concentrated on applied graphic art and typographical design. In 1929, he painted his Blue Study and Green Study . In 1930, he married his fellow student Claire Spinner (1908–1990). Together they had two sons, Andre and Jean-Pierre . Jean-Pierre
SECTION 50
#17328594988863276-432: The two categories. In China, plug-in electric vehicles, together with hybrid electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs). However, in the United States, neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) are battery electric vehicles that are legally limited to roads with posted speed limits no higher than 45 miles per hour (72 km/h), are usually built to have a top speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), and have
3339-401: The types of DC motors available. More recent electric vehicles have made use of a variety of AC motor types, as these are simpler to build and have no brushes that can wear out. These are usually induction motors or brushless AC electric motors which use permanent magnets. There are several variations of the permanent magnet motor which offer simpler drive schemes and/or lower cost including
3402-554: The vehicle, many of which are shared with other CMF-B vehicles such as the Clio V . The platform is also used by the Renault 4 . In October 2022, Renault unveiled its "industrial metaverse" at the Flins plant in Yvelines , which is being transformed to become the Re-Factory. Among the technologies on display was a simulation of a virtual reality paint booth, with the vehicle rendered in 3D for
3465-418: The vitality of an economy the mobile storage infrastructure of EV batteries can be seen as one of the most meaningful infrastructure projects facilitating the energy transition to a fully sustainable economy based on renewables. A meta-study graphically showing the importance of electricity storage depicts the technology in context. Electric vehicles produce no greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in operation, but
3528-550: Was a Hungarian-French artist, who is widely accepted as a "grandfather" and leader of the Op art movement. His work titled Zebra , created in 1937, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of Op art. Vasarely was born in Pécs and grew up in Piešťany (then Pöstény) and Budapest , where, in 1925, he took up medical studies at Eötvös Loránd University . In 1927, he abandoned medicine to learn traditional academic painting at
3591-825: Was also an artist and used the professional name 'Yvaral'. He worked for a ball-bearing company in accounting and designing advertising posters in Budapest. Vasarely became a graphic designer and a poster artist during the 1930s combining patterns and organic images. Vasarely left Hungary and settled in Paris in 1930. He worked as a graphic artist and as a creative consultant at the advertising agencies Havas, Draeger, and Devambez (1930–1935). His interactions with other artists during this time were limited. He thought of opening an institution modeled after Sándor Bortnyik 's műhely and developed some teaching material for it. Having lived mostly in cheap hotels, he settled in 1942/1944 in Saint-Céré in
3654-466: Was completed. The prototype was showcased as the Renault 5 Prototype, and became a symbol of Renault's electric car strategy called Renaulution, which was announced on 14 January 2021. In his short memoir about the Renault 5, De Meo emphasized the need of having at least one model that "express their DNA more than any of the others", citing the Fiat 500 , Volkswagen Golf , Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Renault Twingo as examples. De Meo personally oversaw
3717-610: Was conceived in 2012, and the inaugural championship started in Beijing on 13 September 2014. The series is sanctioned by the FIA. Alejandro Agag is the current CEO of Formula E. The Formula E championship is currently contested by ten teams with two drivers each (after the withdrawal of Team Trulli, there are temporarily only nine teams competing). Racing generally takes place on temporary city-center street circuits which are approximately 2 to 3.4 kilometres (1.2 to 2.1 mi) long. Currently, only
3780-575: Was delivered to the Kings Canyon Unified School District in California's San Joaquin Valley . The bus was one of four the district ordered. This battery-electric school bus, which has four sodium nickel batteries, is the first modern electric school bus approved for student transportation by any state. In 2016, including the light heavy-duty vehicles, there were roughly 1.5 million heavy-duty vehicles in California. The same technology
3843-562: Was established with a large donation of works by Vasarely. In the same decade, he took a stab at industrial design with a 500-piece run of the upscale Suomi tableware by Timo Sarpaneva that Vasarely decorated for the German Rosenthal porcelain maker's Studio Linie . In 1982, 154 specially created serigraphs were taken into space by the cosmonaut Jean-Loup Chrétien on board the French-Soviet spacecraft Salyut 7 and later sold for
SECTION 60
#17328594988863906-483: Was performed by a team under the leadership of Gilles Vidal . It was inspired by the legacy Renault 5 model, with updates influenced by contemporary consumer electronics, furniture, and sports products. Vidal joined Renault in November 2020, after the design of the R5 Prototype was already under way. The double-diamond Renault logo, which was designed by Victor Vasarely and his son Jean-Pierre (aka Yvaral ) and debuted with
3969-527: Was presented to Renault CEO Luca de Meo at the Renault Technocentre in Guyancourt in July 2020. The mockup was merely an exploratory study by a designer, François Leboine for a small electric car that was rejected as the company was not looking to produce a retro car . The mockup caught the attention of De Meo, which asked the design team to turn it into a prototype car. By October 2020, the prototype
#885114