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23-403: Pacheco was sent to New Mexico to punish people suspected of having killed Governor Luis de Rosas . He set foot in the provincial capital in the fall of 1642. However, he hid the reasons that brought him to New Mexico, since the reasons were confidential. He developed an investigation to find the culprits, which took him several months. On July 21, he ordered the assassination and the beheading of

46-518: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Luis de Rosas Luis de Rosas (died January 25, 1642) was a soldier who served as the ninth Spanish Governor of New Mexico from 1637 until 1641, when he was then imprisoned and assassinated. During his administration, de Rosas clashed with the Franciscans , mainly because of his handling of the indigenous Americans , whom he forced to work for him or sold them as slaves. The Franciscans promoted

69-618: A revolt of the citizens of New Mexico against him. De Rosas was imprisoned after an investigation relating to his position as governor. He was killed by soldiers while in prison. In his youth, De Rosas joined the Spanish Army , where he excelled and reached higher ranks. He served the Spanish Army in Flanders for fifteen years. The Viceroy , Díez de Armendáriz , appointed de Rosas as governor of New Mexico in 1636. Initially, De Rosas opposed

92-646: Is built along the Pecos River , which flows from the north out of the Santa Fe National Forest . Notable locations nearby include Pecos National Historical Park , Glorieta Pass , and Pecos Benedictine Monastery . It is also an entry point for hunting, fishing, hiking and camping in the Pecos Wilderness . The closest metropolitan area is the Santa Fe metropolitan area, approximately 26 miles (42 km) to

115-561: The Franciscans . The Franciscans were the main religious group in the Spanish colonies of Americas, aiming to evangelize the natives ; they and de Rosas issued complaints and accusations against each other, causing political instability in the colony. Revolts and riots spread across New Mexico. De Rosas accused the friars of not granting the sacraments and confessions to parishioners, even if they asked for it, and to excommunicate some of them. The Franciscans accused De Rosas of having accepted

138-598: The Franciscans' objections to him began when he ordered the closure of an illegal sweatshop in a mission. The workshop exploited child Amerindian labor, but the Franciscans had since tried to provoke revolts against De Rosas in the province. So, after the imprisonment of a delinquent by De Rosas, two Franciscans promoted the prisoner's release sending a crowd to the Palace of the Governors gates to demand his release. Many citizens of

161-588: The Plains (although this trade was considered illegal) and he let that the Native Americans of the village of Pecos practice their religion on the condition they paid double the price of the encomienda 's tribute that the Spaniard authorities demanded of them, contributing to his personal enrichment. De Rosas employed Native American labor to manufacture products to sell, both prisoners captured from enemy tribes and

184-522: The appointment due to the unpopularity of the New Mexico government and the impact of the appointment on his reputation. This was because mutinies against governors were frequent in New Mexico, as well as by the "seizure" of the governments of the province. However, his role had been decided in advance and he was forced to accept it. De Rosas arrived to New Spain with the virrey in this year and, probably, moved from Mexico City to Santa Fe, New Mexico in

207-418: The capture of Apaches, some of whom were enslaved and traded in other places of New Spain, while others were taken to his own workshop, in the capital of New Mexico, to work for him. According to the Franciscans, De Rosas introduced both Christians and non-Christian Native Americans to a situation of near–slavery, forcing them to work long hours. He gave the Native Americans permission to exercise some of

230-482: The caravan of the supply mission. A De Rosas troop established a fortification around Santo Domingo to protect Santa Fe from the external attacks. De Rosas headed an expedition to Ipotlapiguas village in 1638. The expedition had been planned by a priest named Salas and composed of a group of five Franciscans and forty soldiers. The expedition traveled to northern Sonora , southwest of the Zuni lands , and aimed to convert

253-607: The city three months later, De Rosas hit them with a stick, causing them significant injuries. De Rosas finished his term in spring 1641. The viceroy of New Spain , Diego López Pacheco , ordered an investigation of the De Rosas administration and the new governor, General Juan Flores Sierra y Valdes , led the investigation. De Rosas was excommunicated and imprisoned. That caused the Pueblo Native Americans , who placed much importance on religion, to begin to underestimate

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276-509: The eight soldiers he believed they were the leaders of the revolt. After that execution, he granted a pardon to the rest of the rebels of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. However, he ordered them to obey the policies of the Crown, otherwise he would kill them. In addition, he placed the heads of those executed throughout the square of the provincial capital so that the population would remember what would happen to them if they did not obey him. The relatives of

299-662: The indigenous population to Christianity . De Rosas led slave raids against several Native American peoples, particularly Apaches and Utes . In the Plains , he attacked the Apaches during an expedition to Quivira and later, in the north of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico , attacked the Utes. In both cases he captured slaves to sell or use in his workshops. In addition, De Rosas sacked ranches of Gira in Zuni lands. He also promoted trade with Native tribes in

322-453: The inhabitants of several Amerindian villages. The first ones worked in his weaving workshop in Santa Fe, while the second ones were employed in their own villages. He also forced Native Americans to work on plantations . In addition, he traded with the Apache. After De Rosas took office in New Mexico, many Spanish residents rebelled against him because of the confrontation between De Rosas and

345-560: The murdered people denounced Pacheco to the authorities. Fray Tomás Manso, who served as attorney general , participated in Pacheco's trial, as he led witnesses who supported the friars to testify. On the other hand, Pacheco forced a custodian surnamed Cobarrubias to bury again, in the church of the province, a man surnamed Sandoval who had been excommunicated. He threatened to expel him from New Mexico permanently and forever, or even subject him to harsher punishment, if he did not obey him. Pacheco

368-427: The power the Spanish government and Church. They deemed some priests liars, refused to obey the excommunicated governors and rejected the disunity between churchmen and governors. A few months later, on January 25, 1642, when De Rosas was in his cell, he was killed by the soldier Nicolás Ortiz, a native of Zacatecas (modern Mexico), who stabbed him. The soldier alleged, in the trial held against him, that De Rosas

391-548: The province participated in that revolt, among them 73 of the 120 soldiers New Mexico employed. The Franciscans "withheld the Sacrament" from De Rosas and "threatened his life". In the spring of 1638, Father Perea, who investigated the allegations about De Rosas, decided to leave the Inquisition. In January 1640, De Rosas forced all the ecclesiastics of Santa Fe to left the city, and when two of them, particularly two priests, returned

414-589: The rites of their particular religions if they allowed him to sell some of his property. In addition, De Rosas was upset when he learned that the Indigenous did not have the required hides for exchange them for his knives in the Pecos Pueblo lands. He accused the Franciscans for this fact, and jailed one. The Franciscans complained about the fact that De Rosas had been bribed by his predecessor, Francisco Martínez de Baeza . However, De Rosas dismissed this, arguing that

437-556: The village was 48.91% White , 0.21% African American , 1.39% Native American , 0.21% Pacific Islander , 26.51% from other races , and 2.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 80.08% of the population. There were 542 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who

460-501: The west. According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km ), all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,441 people, 542 households, and 383 families residing in the village. The population density was 830.3 inhabitants per square mile (320.6/km ). There were 628 housing units at an average density of 361.9 per square mile (139.7/km ). The racial makeup of

483-452: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.15. In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males. The median income for

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506-507: Was adulterous with his wife, Maria de Bustillas. Several months later, however, eight other soldiers were found guilty of killing de Rosas and were beheaded. Pecos, New Mexico Pecos is a village in San Miguel County , New Mexico , United States. The population was 1,392 at the 2010 census , shrinking slower than other parts of San Miguel County, partly because Pecos is within commuting distance of Santa Fe . The village

529-457: Was appointed Governor of New Mexico in 1643. He only governed New Mexico for a short period of time, less than a year. However, during that period of time, he carried out policies that had a major impact on the population. In August of that year Pacheco sent a group of soldiers to the Santo Domingo region to order the Indigenous to oppose the friars. This article about a Spanish politician is

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