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12-523: Alonso is a Spanish name of Germanic origin that is a Castilian variant of Adalfuns . The original Visigothic name Alfonso suffered the phonetic change of the phoneme /f/ into the mute /h/ in the Early Middle Ages (around 9th Century), what eventually suppressed the sound /f/ from the name, deriving in the modern form Alonso . Due to the demographic particularities of the Iberian peninsula during

24-451: A diminutive, something that is smaller in a tender or affectionate sense; the root korízesthai originates in the Greek for 'to caress' or 'to treat with tokens of affection', and is related to the words κόρος ( kóros ) 'boy, youth' and κόρη ( kórē ) 'girl, young woman'. In linguistics , the term can be used more specifically to refer to the morphological process by which

36-426: A range of bynames: additional names that accompany a 'forename'. These can be toponymic (locational), occupational, genealogical, or 'nicknames'. Hypocorism A hypocorism ( / h aɪ ˈ p ɒ k ər ɪ z əm / hy- POK -ər-iz-əm or / ˌ h aɪ p ə ˈ k ɒr ɪ z əm / HY -pə- KORR -iz-əm ; from Ancient Greek ὑποκόρισμα hypokórisma ; sometimes also hypocoristic ), or pet name ,

48-535: A remnant of their second element, but reduced so that it cannot be identified unambiguously any longer; Curt/Kurt may abbreviate either Conrad or Cunibert. Harry may abbreviate either Harold or Henry. Other monothematic names may have originated as bynames rather than hypocorisms of old dithematic names; examples may include Old English Æsc "ash tree", Carl "free man" ( Charles ), Hengest "stallion", Raban "raven" ( Rabanus Maurus ), Hagano/ Hagen "enclosure", Earnest "vigorous, resolute". Germanic names often feature

60-623: A thousand years, the most frequent name of Germanic origin in the English-speaking world has traditionally been William (from the Old High German Willahelm ), followed by Robert , Richard and Henry . Many native English (Anglo-Saxon) names fell into disuse in the later Middle Ages, but experienced a revival in the Victorian era ; some of these are Edward , Edwin , Edmund , Edgar , Alfred , Oswald and Harold for males;

72-413: Is a name used to show affection for a person. It may be a diminutive form of a person's name, such as Izzy for Isabel or Bob for Robert, or it may be unrelated. Etymologically, the term hypocorism is from Ancient Greek ὑποκόρισμα ( hypokórisma ), from ὑποκορίζεσθαι ( hypokorízesthai ), meaning 'to call by endearing names'. The prefix hypo- refers in this case to creating

84-561: The United States (1:14,083), 2.5% of Colombia (1:3,318), 1.7% of Paraguay (1:736), 1.3% of France (1:9,082) and 1.1% of Uruguay (1:549). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than average (1:222) in the following regions: Germanic name However, there are also names dating from an early time which seem to be monothematic, consisting only of a single element. These are sometimes explained as hypocorisms , short forms of originally dithematic names, but in many cases

96-552: The Middle Ages , this phonetic change was not uniform across the territory and the original form Alfonso also survived in different areas. Therefore, today both forms of the name coexist in Spanish speaking countries. As of 2014, 36.6% of all known bearers of the surname Alonso were residents of Spain (frequency 1:222), 26.1% of Mexico (1:832), 8.3% of Cuba (1:242), 7.0% of Argentina (1:1,061), 4.8% of Brazil (1:7,502), 4.5% of

108-547: The etymology of the supposed original name cannot be recovered. The oldest known Germanic names date to the Roman Empire period, such as those of Arminius and his wife Thusnelda in the 1st century CE, and in greater frequency, especially Gothic names , in the late Roman Empire, in the 4th to 5th centuries (the Germanic Heroic Age ). A great variety of names are attested from the medieval period , falling into

120-767: The female names Mildred and Gertrude also continue to be used in present day, Audrey continues the Anglo-Norman (French) form of the Anglo-Saxon Æðelþryð , while the name Godiva is a Latin form of Godgifu . Some names, like Howard and Ronald , are thought to originate from multiple Germanic languages, including Anglo-Saxon. OH þrúðr, OE þrȳð, drut, trud, thrud, thryth Some medieval Germanic names are attested in simplex form; these names may have originated as hypocorisms of full dithematic names, but in some cases they entered common usage and were no longer perceived as such. Some hypocorisms retain

132-522: The rough categories of Scandinavian ( Old Norse ), Anglo-Saxon ( Old English ), continental ( Frankish , Old High German and Low German ), and East Germanic (see Gothic names ) forms. By the High Middle Ages , many of these names had undergone numerous sound changes and/or were abbreviated, so that their derivation is not always clear. Of the large number of medieval Germanic names, a comparatively small set remains in common use today. For almost

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144-742: The standard form of the word is transformed into a form denoting affection , or to words resulting from this process. In English, a word is often clipped down to a closed monosyllable and then suffixed with -y / -ie (phonologically /- i / ). Sometimes the suffix -o is included as well as other forms or templates. Hypocoristics are often affective in meaning and are particularly common in Australian English , but can be used for various purposes in different semantic fields, including personal names, place names, and nouns. Hypocorisms are usually considered distinct from diminutives, but they can also overlap. This name-related article

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