91-521: Almora ( Kumaoni : Almāḍ ) is a municipal corporation and a cantonment town in the state of Uttarakhand , India. It is the administrative headquarters of Almora district . Almora is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Himalaya range . The Koshi (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers flow along the city and snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background. Almora
182-454: A Bengal army of 27 regiments of native infantry, and eight regiments of cavalry; a Madras army, led by General John Abercrombie of 24 regiments of native infantry, and eight regiments of native cavalry. Hastings employed Sita Ram , a Bengal draftsman to record his 1814-15 (seventeen month) inspection of British possessions. Resulting in over 230 watercolours of locations in India. In May 1813,
273-605: A close associate of the Prince-Regent , Moira was asked by him to form a Whig government after the assassination of Spencer Perceval in 1812 ended that ministry. Moira's attempts to create a governing coalition failed, but as a mark of the prince's respect, he was appointed to the Order of the Garter in that year. The Tories returned to power under the Earl of Liverpool . On 6 December 1816, after
364-567: A combination of these various figures, coupled with a handful of Members of Parliament, proposed to make Rawdon the Prime Minister. Having fought in the American War and having led an expedition to Quiberon , he commanded widespread respect. His relationship with the Prince of Wales also established him as a potential rival to Pitt, who was supported strongly by George III. The prime motivation for
455-413: A debating club. When Sir William Muir, the then provincial Governor, came here he was highly pleased with the working of this club. It is said that he also advised to open a press here and publish a newspaper. Mr. Pant, as advised, opened a press here and started publishing a weekly magazine Almora Akhbar . Almora Akhbar was the oldest Hindi weekly of this province. In 1913 A.D. Badri Datt Pandey took over
546-419: A great range of elevation. Climatic variations, particularly in temperature and precipitation associated with the alignment and elevation of its ranges and valleys, determine the altitudinal growth and variety of vegetation. The flora of this region may be classified into tropical, Himalayan sub-tropical and subalpine and alpine vegetation. The alpine and sub-alpine zones are considered as the most natural abode of
637-527: A number of ancient copper plates. There is still a place called Rajpur in Almora. Almora was founded in 1568 by Kalyan Chand during the rule of the Chand dynasty . Prior to that the region was under the control of Katyuri King Bhaichaldeo who donated a part of Almora to Sri Chand Tiwari. According to local tradition, the earliest inhabitants in Almora were Tewaris who were required to supply Sorrel daily for cleansing
728-407: A population of 1,391. The population of children in the age range of 0–6 years is 3,081, which is 8.67% of the total population of Almora. The literacy rate of Almora city is 86.19%, higher than the state average of 78.82%. Male literacy is around 88.06%, while the female literacy rate is 84.21%. Almora had a population of 32,358 according to the 2001 Census of India . The earliest known reference to
819-477: A population of about 179,000. Nestled within higher peaks of the Himalaya, Almora enjoys a year-round mild temperate climate. The town is visited by thousands of tourists annually from all over the world. There are 11 blocks (i.e. VikashKhand) in Almora district. Almora got its name from Bhilmora, a kind of sorrel (although some have tried to derive it from Berberis "kilmora"), a short plant commonly found there which
910-418: A saga of strife, with a horrifying series of wars with the rulers of Garhwal culminating in the destruction of this prosperous land and establishment of inglorious Gurkha rule. This dynasty was peculiar in that it made Almora the seat of strongest hill power in 1563 A.D. From that time onwards, the limits of the kingdom of Kumaon extended over the entire tracts of the districts of Almora and Nainital . Towards
1001-467: A temple of Golu devta is 5 km from Binta near Dwarahat. Dunagiri has the highly revered temple of Shakti or Mother Goddess. Dunagiri is known as the birthplace of modern-day Kriya Yoga. There is a notable temple in Almora district which is in the village of Chaura near Bhaisor Gaun, Someshwar. This temple is dedicated to Lord Golu who is considered as a lord of justice in Uttarakhand. This temple
SECTION 10
#17328514339091092-460: A weekly named Kurmanchal Samachar . Another weekly named Kurmanchal Mitra was also published but it was stopped after sometime. The Prabuddha Bharata started publication in August 1898 from Almora, and was edited by Swami Swarupananda . In 1918 A.D. Badri Datt Pandey with the help of his friends opened a press named Deshbhakta and started publishing a magazine Shakti from it. Being displeased at
1183-400: Is June with an average temperature of 31.1 °C or 88.0 °F. The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 13.3 °C or 55.9 °F. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Almora is 1,132.5 millimetres or 44.59 inches. The month with the most precipitation on average is August with 330.3 millimetres or 13.00 inches of precipitation. The month with
1274-418: Is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. Thus, in the singular we have: - Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of epenthesis , or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in
1365-519: Is about 40 km from Almora town. Another temple of Almora district is Airdau which is in Someshwar. Someshwar is a tehsil in the Almora district, which is very rich in agricultural ways. Pandu Kholi is another ancient temple in the Almora district. According to Hindu mythology, Pandavas spent some time here to escape from Duryodhana. The distance of this temple from Almora is about 80 km. Another very ancient and holy Shiva temple in Someshwar town
1456-579: Is being published from Indra Printing Press. Kumaoni language Kumaoni ( Kumaoni-Devanagari : कुमाऊँनी , pronounced [kuːmɑːʊni] ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over two million people of the Kumaon region of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India and parts of Doti region in Western Nepal . As per 1961 survey there were 1,030,254 Kumaoni speakers in India. The number of speakers increased to 2.2 million in 2011. Kumaoni
1547-501: Is known as Khakeshwar Mahadev temple. It is in Bhaisor Gaun village, on the bank of a river. Well connected by motorable roads with major destinations of Uttarakhand state and northern India. Uttarakhand Transport Corporation runs Buses from Almora bus station to major north Indian cities such as Delhi , Dehradun , Lucknow , Chandigarh etc. Taxis and Private Buses, mostly run by K.M.O.U, connect Almora to other major destinations of
1638-617: Is located at 29°35′50″N 79°39′33″E / 29.5971°N 79.6591°E / 29.5971; 79.6591 in Almora district in Uttarakhand . It is situated 365 km north-east the national capital New Delhi and 415 km south-east of the state capital Dehradun . It lies in the revenue Division Kumaon and is located 63 km north of Nainital , the administrative headquarters of Kumaon. It has an average elevation of 1,604 m (5,262 ft) above mean sea level. Almora
1729-615: Is not endangered but UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger designates it as a language in the unsafe category, meaning it requires consistent conservation efforts. Kumaoni is written using the Devanagari script. There are several dialects spoken in the Kumaon region. There is not single accepted method of dividing up the dialects of Kumaoni. Broadly speaking, Kali (or Central) Kumaoni
1820-542: Is situated on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Central Himalaya range in the shape of a horse saddle shaped hillock. The eastern portion of the ridge is known as Talifat and the western one is known as Selifat. The Almora Market is situated at the top of the ridge, where these two, Talifat and Selifat jointly terminate. It is surrounded by thick forests of pine, deodar and fir trees. Flowing alongside
1911-651: Is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital. North-eastern Kumaoni is spoken in Pithoragarh. South-eastern Kumaoni is spoken in South-eastern Nainital. Western Kumaoni is spoken west of Almora and Nainital. More specifically: Some Kumaoni speakers are also reportedly found in Western Nepal. Various Kumaoni text have been found from the Katyuri and Chand era on temple stones and as copper plate inscriptions. Kumaoni
SECTION 20
#17328514339092002-432: Is the mother tongue of the majority. The Municipal board (Nagar Palika Parishad) of Almora was established in 1864. The Almora Nagar Palika Parishad has a population of 34,122 of which 17,358 are males while 16,764 are females as per the report released by Census India 2011. The population of children within the age range of 0–6 is 2950 which is 8.65% of the total population of Almora (NPP). In Almora Nagar Palika Parishad,
2093-404: Is the nearest International Airport. Almora has three universities, Kumaun University , Soban Singh Jeena University and Uttarakhand Residential University . Almora has a total of 23 Primary Schools, 7 Middle Schools, 2 Secondary Schools, and 9 Senior Secondary Schools. All India Radio has a local station in Almora which transmits programs of mass interest. Almora station of A.I.R.
2184-511: Is the nearest railway station. Kathgodam is the last terminus of the broad gauge line of North East Railways that connects Kumaon with Delhi , Dehradun and Howrah . Pantnagar Airport , located in Pantnagar is the primary Airport serving the entire Kumaon Region. Bareilly Airport is another domestic airport which also serves the Kumaon region. Indira Gandhi International Airport , located in Delhi
2275-465: Is usually quite mild, although frosts are not uncommon, and winter precipitation is derived primarily from frontal cyclones along the polar front. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is Cwa (Humid Subtropical Climate). The average temperature for the year in Almora is 23.5 °C or 74.3 °F. This information is as per the Abaal Institute. The warmest month, on average,
2366-686: The Anglo-Gorkha war . The war that broke out in 1814 resulted in the defeat of the Gorkhas and subsequently led to the signing of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816. According to the treaty, Nepal had to cede all those territories which the Gorkhas had annexed to the British East India Company . After the war, the old Lal Mandi fort, near Almora was renamed ‘Fort Moira’. Unlike neighbouring hill stations such as Nainital and Shimla , which were developed by
2457-530: The British , Almora was developed long before by the Chand kings. The place where the present cantonment is located was formerly known as Lalmandi. Presently where the collectorate exists, the 'Malla Mahal' (Upper Court) of the Chand kings was located. The site of the present District Hospital used to be 'Talla Mahal' (Lower Court) of the Chand rulers. Almora had a population of 8,596 in 1901, falling to 8,359 in 1921. Almora
2548-461: The British Army on 7 August 1771 as an ensign in the 15th Foot (the going rate for purchasing a commission for this rank was £200). From that time on his life was spent entirely in the service of his country. He was at Harrow School and matriculated at University College, Oxford , but dropped out. He became friends there with Banastre Tarleton . With his uncle Lord Huntingdon , he went on
2639-544: The Cape Fear River , and then to the repulse at Fort Moultrie , Charleston, South Carolina . He returned with him to New York. On 4 August, he dined with General Clinton, Admiral Lord Howe , Lord Cornwallis , General Vaughan , and others. During the Battle of Long Island , he was at headquarters with Clinton. On 15 September, Rawdon led his men at Kip's Bay , an amphibious landing on Manhattan island. He participated at
2730-597: The Grand Tour . On 20 October 1773, he was promoted to lieutenant in the 5th Foot . He returned to England to join his regiment, and sailed for America on 7 May 1774. Rawdon was posted at Boston as a lieutenant in the 5th Regiment of Foot 's Grenadier company, which was then under the command of Captain Francis Marsden. He first saw action at the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill . Serving with
2821-622: The Irish House of Commons from 1781 until 1783. In the Irish Parliament , Rawdon associated on most questions with the Patriot party of Henry Grattan and Lord Charlemont. He succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Moira on 20 June 1793, and thereafter served first in the Irish House of Lords In an eve-of-the -Rebellion speech to the Lords on 19 February 1798, he appealed for parliamentary reform: for
Almora - Misplaced Pages Continue
2912-749: The United Irish risings in the summer of 1798 , Rawdon opposed the government's plans to abolish the Irish Parliament and effect a legislative union with Great Britain . While Governor General of India, in 1814 Rawdon was to offer further evidence an Irish attachment. He headed the list of subscribers in Bengal to the Irish Harp Society formed in Belfast "to revive the Ancient Music of Ireland" by veterans of
3003-658: The grenadiers , he participated in the second assault against Breed's Hill (which failed), and the third assault against the redoubt. His superior, Captain Harris , was wounded beside him. At the age of 21, Lord Rawdon took command of the company for the third and final assault. When the troops of the third assault began to falter, Rawdon stood atop of the American redoubt, waving the British ensign. John Burgoyne noted in dispatches: "Lord Rawdon has this day stamped his fame for life." He also
3094-443: The peacock , and which also includes the grey quail , black francolin/kala titar , whistling thrush , chakor , monal , cheer pheasant , kokla, and Kalij pheasant . Religions in Almora (2011) As of the 2011 India census , Almora has a population of 35,513 of which 18,306 are males, while 17,207 are females. Out of the total population, The Almora Municipal Board has a population of 34,122, while The Almora Cantonment Board has
3185-523: The American left flank, using the military advantage of local superiority , which forced the American line to collapse and abandon the field in disorder. However, Rawdon was forced to begin a gradual retreat to Charleston. He relieved the Siege of Ninety-Six , evacuating its small garrison and conducting a limited pursuit of American troops. He withdrew his forces to Charleston. In July 1781, in poor health, he gave up his command. On his return to Great Britain, he
3276-490: The British back toward their base at Antwerp . Rawdon left the expedition, feeling Pitt had broken promises. In 1797 it was rumoured briefly that Rawdon would replace Pitt as Prime Minister . There was some discontent with Pitt over his policies regarding the war with France . Additionally, Pitt's long tenure in office had given him ample opportunity to annoy various political grandees, including but not limited to The Duke of Leeds and Lords Thurlow and Lansdowne. In mid-May,
3367-497: The British declared war against the Gurkhas of Nepal . Hastings sent four divisions in separate attacks led by General Bennet Marley with 8,000 men against Kathmandu , General John Sullivan Wood with 4,000 men against Butwal , General Sir David Ochterlony with 10,000 men against Amar Singh Thapa , and General Robert Rollo Gillespie , with 3,500 men against Nahan , Srinagar , and Garhwal . Only Ochterlony had some success; Gillespie
3458-628: The Free Masons. In May 1789 he acted as the Duke of York 's second in his duel with Lieut.-Colonel Lennox on Wimbledon Common . Following the declaration of war in 1793 of France upon Great Britain, Rawdon was appointed major general, on 12 October 1793. Sent by the Pitt ministry, Rawdon launched an expedition into Ostend , France, in 1794. He marched to join with the army of the Duke of York , at Alost . The French general Pichegru , with superior numbers, forced
3549-614: The House of Lords, the Debtor and Creditor Bill for relief of poor debtors. However, he resigned his post on the fall of the ministry the next year. He was also Constable of the Tower (of London) from 1806 to his death. During a debate in the House of Lords on 5 February 1807 over the proposed Slave Trade Act 1807 , which would abolish British involvement in the Atlantic slave trade , he publicly supported
3640-624: The Kali River, invaded and overran Almora. In the meantime, the British were engaged in preventing the Gorkhas from over-running the whole of the northern frontier. The Gorkha rule lasted for twenty-four years. Due to their repeated intrusion into British territories in the Terai from 1800 onwards, Lord Moira , the Governor-General of India, decided to attack Almora in December 1814, marking the beginning of
3731-416: The Kumaon region. Government of Uttarakhand is constructing an ISBT near Lower Mall Road, which will be helpful for establishing a large tourist network in the city and to destinations in the surrounding Kumaon region. It will be the second ISBT of Uttarakhand after Dehradun . A Sub Regional Transport Office is located in Almora where Vehicles are registered by the number UK-01. Kathgodam railway station
Almora - Misplaced Pages Continue
3822-627: The New York headquarters. He participated in the battles of the New York Highlands, where on 7 October, Fort Constitution (opposite West Point ) was captured. However, this was too late to link up with General Burgoyne at Albany . Rawdon was sent to Philadelphia with dispatches and returned to New York for the winter, where he raised a regiment, called the Volunteers of Ireland , recruited from deserters and Irish Loyalists. Lord Edward Fitzgerald,
3913-456: The South. Perhaps his most noted achievement was the victory in 1781 at the Battle of Hobkirk's Hill , in which, in command of only a small force, he defeated by superior military skill and determination, a much larger body of Americans. Thinking (in error) that General Nathanael Greene had moved his artillery away, Rawdon attacked Greene's left wing. Rawdon quickly concentrated his entire force on
4004-507: The Volunteers of Ireland during the raid on Staten Island by Lord Stirling on 15 January 1780. He went south to the Siege of Charleston with reinforcements. After the city fell to the British, Lord Cornwallis posted him at Camden (16 August 1780) as the British sought to occupy South Carolina . Rawdon commanded the British left wing at the Battle of Camden . When Cornwallis went into Virginia , he left Rawdon in effective command in
4095-781: The abolition of the " pocket boroughs " through which the Lords and the Dublin Castle administration effectively nominated two-thirds of the Irish Commons, and an amendment to the Oath of Supremacy to allow Catholics (extended the right to vote in 1793 on the same limited and idiosyncratic terms as Protestants) to sit in parliament. In January 1793, he had received the delegates of the Catholic Committee, including as their agent Theobald Wolfe Tone , in London and helped arrange their audience with
4186-544: The additional surname "Hastings" in 1790 in compliance with the will of his maternal uncle, Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon . Hastings was born at Moira, County Down , the son of John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira and Elizabeth Hastings, 13th Baroness Hastings , who was a daughter of the 9th Earl of Huntingdon . He was baptised at St. Audoen's Church, Dublin , on 2 January 1755. He grew up in Moira and in Dublin . He joined
4277-618: The barony of Hastings, and Rawdon, an in accordance to his uncle's will, added the surname of Hastings to his own. From 1801, as Lord Hastings he sat in the United Kingdom House of Lords. Inheriting Donington Hall in Leicestershire from his uncle, Rawdon rebuilt it in 1790–93 in the Gothic style; the architect was William Wilkins the Elder. It is now a Grade II* listed building . He placed
4368-511: The bill and stated that "the evidence upon the table of the house must be sufficient to convince their lordships of the necessity of abolishing this sanguinary traffic. If noble lords were not satisfied with this evidence, he referred them to Holy Writ, he referred them to that great work of our forefathers the Old Testament , and that great Commentator upon that work, whose maxim was, " Do unto others as you would they should do unto you ." Being
4459-487: The channels available throughout India are also available here. Multiple local Hindi and English newspapers are published, whereas regional and national Hindi and English newspapers, printed elsewhere in India, are also circulated in Almora. a number of historical newspapers and magazines have been published from Almora like Prabuddha Bharata , Almora Akhbar, Shakti and Swadhin Praja etc. In 1871 A.D. Pt. Buddhiballav Pant opened
4550-461: The city are the Koshi (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers. The snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background. The climate of Almora is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The main seasons are summer from March to June, the monsoon season from July to October and winter from November to February. In summer, Almora is largely under
4641-572: The conclusion of the Anglo-Nepalese War (see below), Moira was raised to the rank of Marquess of Hastings together with the subsidiary titles Viscount Loudoun and Earl of Rawdon . Through the influence of the Prince-Regent, Moira was appointed Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William , effectively the Governor-General of India, on 11 November 1812. His tenure as Governor-General
SECTION 50
#17328514339094732-585: The conquest of these parts. After the Mahabharata war the district seems to have remained for some time under the sway of the kings of Hastinapur whose authority was never more than nominal. The actual rulers were the local chiefs of whom the Kulindas (or Kunindas) were probably strong in the southern and western part of the city. The Khasas were another ancient people who belonged to an early Aryan stock and were widely scattered in those times. They gave this region
4823-489: The country being "in general very ignorant"). Tone responded that "Lord Moira" was the only person that might conceivably fill such a role, but that he had "blown his reputation to pieces by accepting a command against France". (Tone's larger objection was that the Presbyterians, who he was in no doubt would "direct the public sentiment in framing a government", were "thoroughly enlightened and sincere republicans"). After
4914-552: The editing work of the magazine. Almora Akhbar made much progress; The number of its customers rose from 50–60 to 1500; however, it was closed in 1917. In 1918 one of the partners purchased the Debating Club Press and named it Vindhyavasini Press. From 1922 A.D. a weekly named Zila Samachar began to be published. Later on it came to be called Kumaun Kumud and was still being published until the late 1930s. In 1893–1894, Babu Devidas opened Kumaun Printing Press which published
5005-595: The efforts of Pandit Gobind Ballabh Pant . In 1930 A.D., a paper named Swadhin Praja was published. Its director was patriot Victor Mohan Joshi. In 1934 A.D. a weekly named Samta was published. Directed by an artisan, Hari Prasad Tamta, it received a monthly help of Rs. 2001- from the government. Formerly it was printed in Indra Printing Press but later the publication shifted to Krishna Press in Haldwani . Since 1935 A.D. an illustrated monthly magazine named Natkhat
5096-423: The end of the 17th century, the Chand Rajas again attacked the Garhwal kingdom, and in 1688, King Udyot Chand erected several temples at Almora, including Tripur Sundari, Udyot Chandeshwer and Parbateshwer, to mark his victory over Garhwal and Doti. The Parbateshwar temple was renamed twice, eventually becoming the present Nanda Devi temple. In 1791, the Gorkhas of Nepal while expanding their kingdom westwards across
5187-416: The estate at the disposal of the Bourbon Princes upon their exile in England following the French Revolution . He is said to have left a signed chequebook in each bedroom for the occupant to use at pleasure. Rawdon became active in associations in London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1787 and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1793. For 1806–08 he was Grand Master of
5278-537: The experience embittered him. He also became increasingly estranged from the East India Company 's Board of Control (see Company rule in India ). He resigned in 1821 but did not leave India until early 1823. Rawdon was appointed Governor of Malta in 1824 but died at sea off Naples two years later aboard HMS Revenge , while attempting to return home with his wife. She returned his body to Malta, and following his earlier directions, cut off his right hand and preserved it, to be buried with her when she died. His body
5369-570: The female sex ratio is of 966 against the state average of 963. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Almora is around 857 compared to Uttarakhand's state average of 890. Literacy rate of Almora city is 94.51% higher than state average of 78.82%. In Almora, Male literacy is around 96.84% while female literacy rate is 92.13%. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 16.38% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 1.00% of total population in Almora (NPP). Out of total population, 10,057 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 7,901 were males while 2,156 were females. Of
5460-536: The future United Irish leader and rebel, served as his aide-de-camp. Promoted colonel in command of this regiment, Rawdon went with Clinton to Philadelphia. starting out on 18 June 1778, he went with Clinton during the withdrawal from Philadelphia to New York, and saw action at the Battle of Monmouth . He was appointed adjutant general. Rawdon was sent to learn news of the Battle of Rhode Island . In New York, on 3 September 1779, he quarrelled with Clinton, and resigned his position as adjutant general. He served with
5551-409: The government's policy of coercion. To the king he sought to present evidence collated and supplied by the eminent physician Whitley Stokes and the lawyer William Sampson of the atrocities and tortures visited upon country people by Crown forces as they sought to break-up and disarm the movement. In 1796, Tone was asked by his French hosts whether "we might choose a king" for Ireland (the people of
SECTION 60
#17328514339095642-406: The influence of moist, maritime airflow from the western side of the subtropical anticyclonic cells over low-latitude ocean waters. Temperatures are high and can lead to warm, oppressive nights. Summers are usually somewhat wetter than winters, with much of the rainfall coming from convectional thunderstorm activity; tropical cyclones also enhance warm-season rainfall in some regions. The coldest month
5733-438: The influence of the now extinct language of the Khasas , the first inhabitants of the region. In Kumauni the verb substantive is formed from the root ach , as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri . In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present rcchami , I go, does not change for gender. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle * rcchitas , gone, for in these languages it
5824-408: The king. When rumours followed that Rawdon might replace the Earl of Westmorland as Irish Viceroy , Tone, a United Irishman , approached him in hopes of being appointed his private secretary. In June, Rawdon became godfather to Tone's fourth child, named in his honour Francis Rawdon Tone. While alarmed by the drift of the United Irishmen, despairing of reform, toward insurrection, Rawdon denounced
5915-413: The landings at Pell's Point . On 8 December Rawdon landed with Clinton at Rhode Island , securing the ports for the British Navy . On 13 January 1777, with Clinton, he departed for London, arriving on 1 March. During a ball at Lord George Germain 's, he met Lafayette , who was visiting London. Returning to America in July, while Howe went to his Philadelphia campaign , Rawdon went with Clinton to
6006-423: The largest number of medicinal plants. The sub-alpine zones of Almora and outskirts are a natural sanctuary for leopard , Langur , Himalayan black bear , kakar , goral , etc. Whereas the high altitude zones abound musk deer , popularly called "Kastura Mrig", snow leopard , blue sheep , thar, etc. The entire zone is rich in a remarkable variety of birds possessing plumage of magnificent design and colours like
6097-415: The least precipitation on average is November with an average of 4.6 millimetres or 0.18 inches. There are an average of 46.8 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in August with 11.9 days and the least precipitation occurring in November with 0.6 days. The region is immensely rich with 4000 species of plants, having remarkable diversity in its natural vegetation by virtue of its having
6188-418: The name Khasadesha or Khasamandala. The next age was probably a period of many petty states rivalling each other for supremacy, which culminated in the inauguration of the noted and enduring dynasty of the Chands. Earlier than this, the Katyuris are recorded as the dominant clans in copper and stone engravings. The Chand dynasty from their inception in 953 A.D. to their ouster in the late 18th century present
6279-987: The next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of disaspiration . Thus, Khas siknu, Kumauni sikhno , but Hindi sikhna , to learn; Kumauni yeso , plural yasa , of this kind. Conjugation of the verb Lekh (लेख) to write, in all three tenses in Kumaoni. मैं main लेखनू lekhnu मैं लेखनू main lekhnu I write हम hum लेखनु lekhnu हम लेखनु hum lekhnu we write तू tu लेख lekh छे chhe तू लेख छे tu lekh chhe you write तुम tum लेख lekh छो chho तुम लेख छो tum lekh chho you write उ U लिखनो likhno उ लिखनो U likhno he writes ऊँ Lord Moira Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings , KG , PC (9 December 1754 – 28 November 1826), styled The Honourable Francis Rawdon from birth until 1762, Lord Rawdon between 1762 and 1783, The Lord Rawdon from 1783 to 1793 and The Earl of Moira between 1793 and 1816,
6370-423: The patriotic and reform politics of the 1780s and '90s, among them several former United Irishmen. Prior to leaving for India, in 1812 Rawdon had also used his offices to secure a position—registrar of the Admiralty Prize Court in Bermuda —for Thomas Moore , the Irish patriotic bard and admirer of the leading United Irishmen ("the ultimi Romanorum of our country"). In addition to Edward Fitzgerald, these
6461-415: The plan of having Rawdon become Prime Minister was to secure peace with France, the plotters had come to believe (somewhat unfairly) that Pitt was an obstacle to this objective. But their plan collapsed barely a month later in mid-June because of a lack of support from the political establishment. Additionally, when Rawdon wrote to the King to propose the change of chief ministers, the monarch ignored him. Thus
6552-406: The policy of Shakti , some of his partners filed suits and withdrew their shares and in 1919 A.D. opened Sombari Press from which for some time a magazine named 'Jyoti' was published. Later on this press also was sold and the publication was stopped. Shakti continued published till 1942, when owing to policies of the government, its publication was stopped. The publication resumed again in 1946 with
6643-479: The population of Almora occurs in the book 'The Kingdom of Nepal' by Francis Hamilton . During his visit to Fatehgarh , Hamilton was told by Pt. Hariballav Pande that there were around a thousand houses in Almora during the Gorkha rule. Mr. G.W. Traill, the second commissioner of the Kumaon division , has written that there were 742 houses in Almora in 1821, in which 1,369 men, 1,178 women, and 968 children lived, and thus
6734-656: The proposal came to nothing. He became Commander-in-Chief, Scotland with the rank of full general in September 1803. In this capacity he rented the huge Duddingston House , south of Edinburgh . Becoming a Whig in politics, Rawdon entered government in 1806 as part of the Ministry of All the Talents as Master-General of the Ordnance , which enabled him to carry a philanthropic measure, which he had promoted since his first entry into
6825-518: The purchase of Singapore from the Sultan of Jahore, by Sir Stamford Raffles , in January 1819. His last years of office were embittered by a then-notorious matter, the affairs of the W. Palmer and Company banking house . The whole affair was mixed up with insinuations against Lord Hastings, especially charging him with having shown favouritism towards one of the partners in the firm. He was later exonerated but
6916-888: The total 10,057 working population, 93.25% were engaged in main work while 6.75% of total workers were engaged in marginal work. Almora Nagar Palika Parishad has total administration over 8,014 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. Almora is divided into 11 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. These mountains are associated with the best memories of our race: Here, therefore, must be one of centers, not merely of activity, but more of calmness of meditation, and of peace and I hope someone to realize it. Almora has many notable temples, including Kasar Devi , Nanda Devi, Doli Daana, Shyayi Devi, Khakmara, Asht Bhairav, Jakhandevi, Katarmal (Sun Temple), Pataal Devi, Raghunath Mandir, Badreshwar, Banari Devi, Chitai , Jageshwar , Binsar Mahadev, Garhnath and Baijnath . Kasar Devi temple constructed in 2nd century CE,
7007-404: The total population of the town was 3,505. Hinduism is practised by 90.84% of the total population and is the majority religion of Almora. Islam is practiced by 7.54% of people and is the largest minority religion. Other religions like Sikhism , Christianity and Buddhism are also practiced by a small number of people. Hindi and Sanskrit are the official languages of the state while Kumaoni
7098-716: The vessels of the sun temple at Katarmal. Ancient lore mentioned in Vishnu Purana and Mahabharata present primordial accounts of human settlements in the city. The Sakas , the Nagas , the Kiratas , the Khasas and the Hunas are credited to be the most ancient tribes. The Kauravas and Pandavas of the Hastinapur royal family were the next important princes from the plains who are said to have affected
7189-507: Was Tone whom Rawson himself described as "The Irish Lafayette ". After his return from America, Rawdon had been honoured by the king. In March 1783, he was created Baron Rawdon , of Rawdon , in the County of York . In 1787, he became friends with the Prince of Wales, and loaned him many thousands of pounds. In 1788 he became embroiled in the Regency Crisis . In 1789 his mother succeeded to
7280-533: Was a memorable one, overseeing the victory in the Gurkha War (1814–1816); the final conquest of the Marathas in 1818; and the purchase of the island of Singapore in 1819. After delays clearing his affairs, he reached Madras on 11 September 1813. In October, he settled in at Calcutta and assumed office. British India then consisted of Madras, Bengal , and Bombay . He commanded an army of 15,000 British regulars,
7371-649: Was also the official language of the Kumaon Kingdom . Being part of the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum Kumauni shares its grammar with other Indo-Aryan languages like Dotyali , Nepali , Hindi , Rajasthani , Kashmiri and Gujarati . It shares much of its grammar with the other language of the Central Pahari group like Garhwali . The peculiarities of grammar in Kumaoni and other Central Pahari languages exist due to
7462-587: Was an Anglo-Irish politician and military officer who served as Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823. He had also served with British forces for years during the American Revolutionary War and in 1794 during the War of the First Coalition . In Ireland, he was critical of the policy of coercion used to break the United Irish movement for representative government and national independence. He took
7553-506: Was captured at sea by François Joseph Paul de Grasse , but was exchanged. After Rawdon's departure, the British evacuated Charleston as the war drew to a close. They took thousands of Loyalists and freed slaves with them, having promised freedom to slaves of rebels who joined their lines, resettling these groups in Nova Scotia and the Caribbean. Rawdon sat for Randalstown , County Antrim, in
7644-676: Was defeated by William Fullarton Elphinstone on the Poona . Appa Sahib was defeated at the battle of Nagpur . Hislop defeated Holkar at the Battle of Mahidpur . These events effectively established the supremacy of British power in India. Rawdon was active diplomatically, protecting weaker Indian states. His domestic policy in India was also largely successful, seeing the repair of the Mughul canal system in Delhi in 1820, as well as educational and administrative reforms, and encouraging press freedom. He confirmed
7735-467: Was founded in 1568. by King Kalyan Chand ; however, there are accounts of human settlements in the hills and surrounding region in the Hindu epic Mahabharata (8th and 9th century BCE). Almora was the seat of Chand kings that ruled over the Kumaon Kingdom . It is considered the cultural heart of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. According to the provisional results of the 2011 Census of India , Almora had
7826-449: Was founded in June 1986 and is a primary channel station running on medium wave catering the whole of Kumaon division . The main service providers are Dish TV and Doordarshan. BSNL, Vodafone and Airtel have the three largest cellular networks in the city. There are Internet cafés in and around the city, but broadband connectivity is limited. Satellite dishes exist in most homes in the region and
7917-601: Was killed. After inconclusive negotiations, Hastings reinforced Ochterlony to 20,000 men, who then won the battle of Makwanpur on 28 February. The Gurkhas then sued for peace, under the Sugauli Treaty . After raids by Pindaris in January 1817, Hastings led a force at Hindustan in the North; in the South, the Army of the Deccan , under the command of General Sir Thomas Hislop . The Peshwa
8008-472: Was then laid to rest in a large marble sarcophagus in Hastings Gardens , Valletta. His hand was eventually interred, clasped with hers, in the family vault at Loudoun Kirk . On 12 July 1804, at the age of 50, Hastings married Flora Campbell, 6th Countess of Loudoun , daughter of Major-General James Mure-Campbell, 5th Earl of Loudoun and Lady Flora Macleod. They had six children: Through his brother,
8099-477: Was used for washing the utensils of the sun temple at Katarmal . The people bringing the Bhilmora/kilmora were called Bhilmori/Kilmori and later "Almori" and the place came to be known as "Almora". When king Bhishm Chand laid the foundation of the town, he had initially named it Alamnagar. Prior to that, Almora was known as 'Rajapur' during the early phase of Chand rule. The name 'Rajpur' is also mentioned over
8190-450: Was visited by Swami Vivekananda and this area has a Chabad House. Rudreshwar Mahadev Temple , near Sanara Ganiya, is dedicated to Lord Shiva . It is beside the river Ram Ganga. A sun temple (only the second in the world) is at Katarmal, a short distance from the town. The temple of Manila Devi, Devi Maa, the family goddess of the Katyuri clan , lies around 85 km from Ranikhet. Udaipur
8281-534: Was wounded during the assault. He was promoted captain, and given a company in the 63rd Foot . Lord Rawdon is depicted in John Trumbull 's famous painting, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill . Rawdon is in the far background holding the British ensign . He was appointed Aide-de-camp to General Sir Henry Clinton , and sailed with him on the expedition to Brunswick Town, North Carolina , on
#908091