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86-856: Allied Paper Mills was incorporated in Kalamazoo, Michigan , USA during 1921 when three local paper companies merged. These were the Monarch Paper Company in Kalamazoo, the King Paper Company in Kalamazoo and the Bardeen Paper Company in Otsego. The combined output of 10 paper machines and 34 coating machines immediately placed the Allied Paper Mills in the top producers of book paper in the nation. When operating at full speed and full capacity it

172-527: A neighborhood association . The Neighborhood Development Division of the city's government works with these associations to invest federal, state, and local funds, including those from the Community Development Block Grant program, in community improvements and economic growth. In 2007, Kalamazoo was named to Fast Company 's 'Fast 50: Most Innovative Companies 2007', in recognition of the city's community capitalism approach to revitalize

258-504: A 1997 study, the University of Florida found that a poorly-ventilated office where large amounts of carbonless copy paper were used had significant levels of volatile organic compounds present in its air, whereas a well-ventilated office where little such paper was used did not. The study also found that there were higher rates of sick leave and illness complaints at the office using large amounts of carbonless copy paper. Another study, which

344-572: A Jesuit missionary for the Huron-Wendats at the Assumption mission (south shore of Detroit), while en route to Fort Saint-Joseph during the fall of 1760. Legend has it that "Ki-ka-ma-sung", meaning "boiling water", referred to a footrace held each fall by local Native Americans, in which participants had to run to the river and back before a pot boiled. The word negikanamazo , purported to mean "otter tail" or "stones like otters", has also been cited as

430-720: A collaboration involving Western Michigan University and Kalamazoo's two teaching hospitals, Ascension Borgess and Bronson Methodist . The new medical school has been in planning since 2008, and was granted Preliminary Accreditation from the Liaison Committee on Medical Education in October 2012. Welcoming its first class in August 2014, the school is a private 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation supported by private gifts, clinical revenue, research activity, student tuition, and endowment income. In March 2011, Western Michigan University received

516-454: A combination of insufficient capital and a very weak and unstable paper market. More than 140 people lost their jobs. After this closure, GAF Corporation attempted to lease the Bryant Mill site and use it for manufacturing of roofing felt. They anticipated employing 50 to 60 workers and producing 45,000 tons of roofing felt each year. Investment of $ 20 million was promised and a 10-year lease

602-512: A company called Performance Papers Inc . The transaction was completed for $ 7 million to $ 12 million. Cleanup responsibilities for Portage Creek remained with Hanson. The pulp and paper mills in Jackson, Alabama were sold to Boise Cascade in May 1986 for $ 150 million. The name of Allied Paper had lasted from 1921 until 1988 but had now become history. Performance Papers Inc. started up the paper machines at

688-425: A company called American Pulp. Nothing ever came from this sale and the buildings were demolished in 1978–79. In 1965 a paper machine was being installed at the Jackson, Alabama site for a cost of $ 11 million. It could produce up to 250 tons of paper per day. In spite of numerous strikes at its mills, Allied profits were $ 114,494 and $ 806, 304 in 1964 and 1965 respectively. Dr. Ward Harrison was elevated to chairman of

774-606: A gift of $ 100 million for the medical school from anonymous donors. The global Research and Development organization of Zoetis , the world's largest producer of medicine and vaccinations for pets and livestock , is headquartered in downtown Kalamazoo. The city is also home to the Stryker Corporation , a surgical and medical devices manufacturer. Kalamazoo hospitals include: Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital , Bronson Methodist Hospital , and Ascension Borgess Hospital . In 2014, Newell Rubbermaid established

860-551: A global product design center in Kalamazoo, consolidating fifteen global design units at a single location within the Western Michigan University Business Technology and Research Park. The Business Technology and Research Park is also home to design firm TEKNA Solutions. In 2015, Kalamazoo-based landscape design and manufacturing firm Landscape Forms, Inc. , received five National Design Awards. The W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research ,

946-586: A large new pulp mill on the north side of Cork St in Kalamazoo but this addition never occurred. Bryant Mills A and B continued to be used to de-ink waste paper for use as stock in the Kalamazoo paper mills. This use of recycled paper would cause huge problems for the corporation in future years. Included in the recycled paper was carbonless copy paper manufactured by the National Cash Register (NCR) Company and this paper contained toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) . In October 1958 Dr. Ward D. Harrison

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1032-570: A lease agreement had been signed. The new company was named Portage Paper Co. In May 1992 production restarted with Michael Gallenberger as general manager. The plan was for the mill to use recycled corrugated containers and some clippings from box plants to make butchers' paper, paper used by industry to buffer sheets of metal and small lunch bags. This operation proved to be more successful than Performance Papers had been but after 5 years of operation, Portage Paper shut down on February 13, 1997, citing 18 months of significant operating losses caused by

1118-401: A net profit of $ 1,367, 410 in 1954. No executive changes were planned by Thor. The shareholders approved the plan and on 2 December 1955 Arnold H. Maremont, president of Thor Corporation announced the transaction was complete. D. R. Curtenius, who had been the president of the Allied Paper Mills, was retained in a consulting capacity by the new paper-making division of Thor. In February 1956 it

1204-578: A new organization for the marketing of business forms. This was called Allied-Egry Business Systems and was under direction of Jack Kennedy, former vice president for sales at The Egry Register Co. Eight business forms companies had been acquired with plants in Kalamazoo, Michigan Dayton, Ohio; Denison, Texas; Kansas City, Missouri; Leipsic, Ohio; Los Angeles, California and Petersburg, West Virginia. President Ward D. Harrison reported that profits for 1960 had dropped to $ 403,539 on sales of $ 37 million. The Phillips and Eckhardt operations were spun off during 1960 so

1290-731: A new pulping building at the King Mill was opened. Pulp from this was shipped to the Bryant Mill, allowing the suspension of pulping operations in Bryant Mills A and B. Also in 1963 the Allied Paper Corporation started construction of a $ 12 million pulp mill in Jackson, Alabama . This was a logical location for processing virgin timber in the southern forests. All the standing timber in South West Michigan had already been used up. Most of

1376-598: A nonpartisan, not-for-profit research organization, has operated in Kalamazoo since its establishment in 1945. The institute conducts research into the causes and effects of unemployment, and measures for the alleviation of unemployment. The institute also publishes Business Outlook for West Michigan , a quarterly journal that provides economic analysis and forecasts on the West Michigan economy . Carbonless copy paper Carbonless copy paper ( CCP ), non-carbon copy paper , or NCR paper (No Carbon Required, taken from

1462-466: A population of 261,670 in 2020. One of Kalamazoo's most notable features is the Kalamazoo Mall , an outdoor pedestrian shopping mall. The city created the mall in 1959 by closing part of Burdick Street to auto traffic, although two of the mall's four blocks have been reopened to auto traffic since 1999. Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University , a large public university, Kalamazoo College ,

1548-427: A possible origin of the name. Another theory is that it means "the mirage or reflecting river". Another legend is that the image of "boiling water" referred to fog on the river as seen from the hills above the current downtown. The name was also given to the river that flows almost all the way across the state. The name Kalamazoo, which sounds unusual to English speakers, has become a metonym for exotic places, as in

1634-436: A private liberal arts college, and Kalamazoo Valley Community College , a two-year community college. Originally known as Bronson (after founder Titus Bronson ) in the township of Arcadia, the names of both the city and the township were changed to "Kalamazoo" in 1836 and 1837, respectively. The name “Kalamazoo” comes from a Potawatomi word, first found in a British report in 1772. The Kalamazoo River , which passes through

1720-554: A product line for the corporation. Allied was now the eighth largest paper producer in the USA. President Arnold Maremont declared in January 1957 that it was possible the company could double its size within a year and intimated that other paper companies could be acquired. By 1958 the corporation was specializing in three areas of production: book papers, business papers and school supply papers. The Allied book paper lines then included grades from

1806-491: A reactive clay. The back of the first sheet is coated with micro-encapsulated dye (referred to as a Coated Back or CB sheet). The lowermost sheet is coated on the top surface with a clay that quickly reacts with the dye to form a permanent mark (Coated Front, CF). Any intermediate sheets are coated with clay on top and dye on the bottom (Coated Front and Back, CFB). When the sheets are written on with pressure (e.g., ball-point pen) or impact (e.g., typewriter, dot-matrix printer ),

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1892-558: A speech in Kalamazoo during a campaign rally for John C. Fremont , the first Republican presidential candidate. The text of the speech was found by Lincoln historian Thomas I. Starr in a copy of the Detroit Daily Advertiser and published in a booklet. This was the only trip Lincoln ever made to Michigan. In July 2022, a local non-profit, the Kalamazoo Abraham Lincoln Institute , was given permission by

1978-494: A supplier of food service and other containers produced from thermoform plastic or plant-based materials (Greenware product line), has operated corporate headquarters in Kalamazoo since the 1960s. The company closed the Kalamazoo-based manufacturing facilities in 1991, but returned and expanded manufacturing capacity in 2008 with the opening of a LEED -certified 400,000 square foot (37,000 m ) facility. In recent years,

2064-677: Is also a hotbed for home brewing and partners with neighboring Grand Rapids to form what is widely considered one of America's more important regions in American craft beer explosion. In recent years, at least two community events have evolved from the growing craft beer industry in the Kalamazoo area (Kalamazoo Beer Week (annual), Kalamazoo Craft Beer Festival ). In 2015, the Give a Craft beer trail and passport were introduced. A shuttle bus ( Kalamazoo Brew Bus ) service and party bike tour service became available in 2016. In 2015, Rupert's Brew House entered

2150-576: Is being used to avoid the cost of environmental cleanup included the PCB contamination caused by Allied Paper. Kalamazoo, Michigan Kalamazoo ( / ˌ k æ l ə m ə ˈ z uː / KAL -ə-mə- ZOO ) is a city in and the county seat of Kalamazoo County, Michigan , United States. At the 2020 census , Kalamazoo had a population of 73,598. It is the principal city of the Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area in southwestern Michigan, which had

2236-618: Is land and 0.43 square miles (1.11 km ) is water. Kalamazoo's suburban population is located primarily to the south, in the city of Portage , and to the west in Oshtemo and Texas townships . At least part of the municipal water supply for Kalamazoo is provided by the watershed contained within the Al Sabo Preserve in Texas Charter Township, Michigan , immediately southwest of Kalamazoo. Another watershed, Kleinstuck Marsh,

2322-658: Is popular with hikers and birdwatchers. Kleinstuck Marsh is south of Maple Street, between Oakland Drive and Westnedge Avenue, Kalamazoo's major north–south artery. Kalamazoo has a humid continental ( Köppen Dfa) climate. Summers can be hot, humid, and relatively long, comprising the months of May to September. Tornadoes are rare but possible in Kalamazoo. In fact, in 1980, a major tornado ripped through downtown Kalamazoo causing extensive damage. In winter, temperatures occasionally plummet below 0 °F (-18°). Kalamazoo has been known for brutal snow storms as late as early April, but there are occasional winter days with no snow cover on

2408-552: The 55th Congress . Kalamazoo is also home to Kalsec , another flavorings company, which was founded by Paul H. Todd Jr. , Albert Todd's grandson and U.S. Representative in the 89th Congress . Founded as the Kalamazoo Spice Extraction Company, Kalsec is owned and managed by Todd family descendants. Stryker Corporation is Kalamazoo-based and makes medical equipment. Kalamazoo Outdoor Gourmet designs and manufactures outdoor kitchen equipment. Fabri-Kal ,

2494-656: The Checker Cab , which also stamped sheet metal parts for other auto manufacturers. Checker closed on June 25, 2009, a victim of the Late-2000s recession . Most of Kalamazoo is on the southwest bank of a major bend in the Kalamazoo River , with a small portion, about 2.8 square miles (7.3 km ), on the opposite bank. Several small tributaries of the Kalamazoo River, including Arcadia Creek and Portage Creek, wind through

2580-470: The Fourdrinier horizontal-forming paper machine was introduced almost 170 years ago. Paper could be made on this machine more economically and with better physical characteristics. During the first half of the 1970s, SCM Allied Paper was the market leader in the lightweight paper field, used exclusively in bibles. Investments made in the 1960s were paying off handsomely. Also paying off was that Allied owned

2666-512: The census of 2010, there were 74,262 people, 29,141 households, and 13,453 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,009.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,161.8/km ). There were 32,433 housing units at an average density of 1,314.1 per square mile (507.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 68.1% White , 22.2% African American , 0.5% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 2.8% from other races , and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 6.4% of

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2752-595: The 1970s, when the use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was banned due to health and environmental concerns, PCBs were used as a transfer agent in carbonless copy paper. PCBs are readily transferred to human skin during handling of such papers, and it is difficult to achieve decontamination by ordinary washing with soap and water. In Japan, carbonless copy paper is still treated as a PCB-contaminated waste. Exposure to certain types of carbonless copy paper or its components has resulted, under some conditions, in mild to moderate symptoms of skin irritation and irritation of

2838-515: The Allied mills in Kalamazoo uncompetitive. The King Mill had closed in 1970 and the Monarch Mill closed in 1981, leaving just the Bryant Mill operating in Kalamazoo plus the pulp and paper mills in Jackson, Alabama. Also in 1981 the paper coating operation in Bryant Mill E was shut down. In 1986, SCM was bought by Hanson plc , a British conglomerate, but they had no interest in the paper business, which

2924-476: The Bryant Mill early in 1989. Unfortunately the paper business slumped in 1989 and due to slow sales of specialty papers and increased costs it had to close on November 9. It had been in operation for less than a year. In early 1990, the Norfolk Paper Company started negotiating with Performance Papers Inc. to reopen the Bryant Mill in Kalamazoo. Getting financing proved to be difficult but by November 1991

3010-436: The Bryant Mill in Kalamazoo. He promised to spend $ 10 million on upgrades to the mill. This purchase involved getting pay and benefit concessions from the 304 union workers left at that time. These concessions were rejected by union members on August 31 but were approved in a second vote on October 14 by a 51 to 49 percent margin. On December 31, 1988, Hanson completed the sale of the Bryant Mill to Michael Gallenberger, who formed

3096-750: The Bryant Mill to the St. Regis Paper Company in 1946. Since this mill produced coated and uncoated book papers it was considered to be a good fit within Allied Paper. In late 1956 the Thor Corporation renamed itself the Allied Paper Corporation with Arnold H. Maremont remaining as president. That same year the APW Products paper mill in Albany, New York was purchased, which added light weight groundwood paper as

3182-575: The Eccentric Cafe, to another brewery in nearby Comstock Charter Township . Bell's beer is distributed to 40 US states, Washington DC and Puerto Rico. Other local breweries include Tibb's Brewing Company, Rupert's Brewhouse (2013-2019) , Boatyard Brewing Co. (2014-2019) , One Well Brewing, and Latitude 42 Brewing Company , the latter in the southern suburb of Portage. On a smaller scale, Olde Peninsula Brewpub, Bravo! restaurant, and Bilbo's Pizza and Brewing Company serve their own brews. The area

3268-588: The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative all traces of the Bryant Mill were removed in 2011. The concrete channel containing Portage Creek was also removed and there is now no trace that a large paper mill has ever operated on the site. The only Allied Paper Corporation building remaining in Kalamazoo, Michigan is the 1975 headquarters on Portage Road, which has become a community center. The former Allied Paper pulp and paper mills in Jackson, Alabama sold to Boise Cascade are still in operation. In 2018,

3354-833: The Kalamazoo Superfund Site, of which $ 49.5 million was allocated to the EPA for PCB cleanup. A March 2008 report prepared for the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) detailed analytical information about the Bryant-Monarch Superfund Site. A 2009 feasibility study report for Millennium Chemical details the remediation options. The specific cleanup plan will be proposed by the US EPA in 2012. A May 2010 article in Bloomberg Markets on how bankruptcy law

3440-465: The Kalamazoo craft spirits market. Two additional distilleries, Green Door Distilling , formerly Revival Distilling and Kalamazoo Distilling Company, are in the licensing stage. The A.M. Todd Company , one of the lead producers of peppermint oil and other flavorings, is headquartered in Kalamazoo. Its founder, Albert M. Todd , was elected to the United States House of Representatives for

3526-533: The area exist in Portage , under Pfizer or Zoetis operation; others, located in downtown Kalamazoo, have been re-purposed as the campus of the Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , the research and development headquarters of Zoetis , and office space for Bronson Methodist Hospital . Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine (WMed) is

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3612-519: The back side of the top sheet, and a clay coating on the front side of the bottom sheet. When pressure is applied (from writing or impact printing), the dye capsules rupture and react with the clay to duplicate the markings made to the top sheet. Intermediary sheets, with clay on the front and dye capsules on the back, can be used to create multiple copies; this may be referred to as multipart stationery. Carbonless copy paper consists of sheets of paper that are coated with micro-encapsulated dye or ink or

3698-645: The board. New president Ernest Klimczak reported that the Jackson, Alabama pulp mill was in full operation and producing 400 tons of paper pulp a day. During 1967, Allied Paper acquired the Rex Mill in Kalamazoo, Michigan and then sold most of it to another paper manufacturer, the Eaton-Dikeman Company, within 6 months of the purchase. In 1967 the Allied Paper Corporation was purchased by the Smith Corona Marchant (SCM) Corporation for $ 33 million and became

3784-576: The city to place a statue of Lincoln in Bronson Park to commemorate the event. In the 1940s, the city became the first to install curb cuts . In 1959, the city created the Kalamazoo Mall , the first outdoor pedestrian shopping mall in the United States, by closing part of Burdick Street to auto traffic. The Mall was designed by Victor Gruen , who also designed the country's first enclosed shopping mall , which had opened three years earlier. Two of

3870-562: The city. The northeastern portion of Kalamazoo sits in the broad, flat Kalamazoo Valley, while the western portions of Kalamazoo climb into low hills to the west and south. Several small lakes are found throughout the area. It is 50 mi (80 km) south of Grand Rapids and 75 mi (121 km) southwest of Lansing . According to the United States Census Bureau , Kalamazoo has a total area of 25.11 square miles (65.03 km ), of which 24.68 square miles (63.92 km )

3956-767: The company's product lines have introduced sustainable and plant-based materials, and innovations to reduce the plastic content of consumer and other packaging. Parker Hannifin Aerospace's Hydraulic Systems Division (HSD) is located at 2220 Palmer Ave in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The 170,000-square foot facility designs, manufactures, and services hydraulic components for both military and commercial aerospace sectors. It produces hydraulic axial piston pumps and motors, electric motor-driven pumps, hydraulic power transfer/supply units, electrohydraulic power modules, hydraulic thrust-reverser & landing gear actuators, accumulators, reservoirs, filter modules and valve packs. The Upjohn Company

4042-402: The corporation was now in the paper business only. It was reported in the 1960 annual report that due to substantial improvements made in the Bryant Mill since 1956 amounting to $ 2.1 million, this mill was recorded as a purchased property. Allied was conducting research and development in the business paper field with photocopying types of papers getting an ever-increasing research focus. In 1963

4128-537: The craftsman Orville Gibson . One budget model was named the Gibson Kalamazoo "Melody Maker" Electric Guitar . Operations were moved gradually from Kalamazoo to Memphis, Tennessee (Electric Division) and Bozeman , Montana (Acoustic Division) in the 1980s. Some workers from the original factory stayed in Kalamazoo to create the Heritage Guitar company. Kalamazoo was once known as the "Paper City" because of

4214-524: The early 1970s but by then the area between the Monarch and Bryant Mill sites, where settling lagoons were used after 1950 to remove suspended particles within the waste water from the recycling process, contained over 110,000 pounds of PCBs. There were 8 million cubic yards of contaminated material. In addition, the PCBs had traveled along Portage Creek and into the Kalamazoo River , causing significant contamination all

4300-673: The economy. In 2012 Kiplinger's Personal Finance ranked Kalamazoo fourth of the Ten Best Cities for Cheapskates . The city was named in NerdWallet.com 's 2014 'Top 10 Best Cities for Work-Life Balance'. Kalamazoo has many local breweries and brewpubs that produce a variety of beer styles. Perhaps the best-known is Bell's Brewery , established as the Kalamazoo Brewing Company in 1985 by Larry Bell. The brewery has expanded from its original Kalamazoo location, which houses

4386-457: The entire manufacturing process, since it had pulp mills, paper mills and converting operations which produced forms and other final paper products. A new 18,000 square feet (1,700 m) headquarters building for the papermaking division of SCM was constructed on Portage Road in Kalamazoo during 1974 and 1975. However, new and larger mills located in the Southern U.S. and Canadian forests were making

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4472-552: The following corporations: Hanson PLC, Millennium Chemicals , Lyondell and finally LyondellBasell , headquartered in the Netherlands. Cleanup of sediment in the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell and Otsego was accomplished in 2008 and 2009, partly funded by LyondellBasell. In 2009 LyondellBasell went bankrupt. After 15 months they emerged from bankruptcy reorganized after reaching agreement with the US Government to provide $ 103 million for

4558-435: The form of a small mound in downtown's Bronson Park. The Hopewell civilization began to decline after the 8th century and was replaced by other groups. The Potawatomi culture lived in the area when the first European explorers arrived. René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle , passed just southeast of the present city of Kalamazoo in late March 1680. The first Europeans to reside in the area were itinerant fur traders in

4644-491: The former Allied paper mill site in Kalamazoo was sold to Kyle-From-Camp Inc. Starting in the 1950s, the Allied Paper operation in Kalamazoo began to use recycled waste paper for stock. Mixed in with this waste paper was carbonless copy paper, often called NCR (No Carbon Required) paper. This type of paper was sold by the NCR corporation and between at least 1957 and 1971 it contained PCBs as an ink carrier. The use of PCBs were banned in

4730-474: The ground at all. Lake-effect snowstorms are commonplace in the winter. As of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $ 31,189, and the median income for a family was $ 42,438. Males had a median income of $ 32,160 versus $ 25,532 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,897. About 13.6% of families and 24.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over. As of

4816-436: The initials of its creator, National Cash Register ) is a type of coated paper designed to transfer information written on the front onto sheets beneath. It was developed by chemists Lowell Schleicher and Barry Green, as an alternative to carbon paper and is sometimes misidentified as such. Carbonless copying provides an alternative to the use of carbon copying . Carbonless copy paper has micro-encapsulated dye or ink on

4902-571: The late 18th and early 19th century. There are records of several traders wintering in the area, and by the 1820s at least one trading post had been established. During the War of 1812 , the British established a smithy and a prison camp in the area. The 1821 Treaty of Chicago ceded the territory south of the Grand River to the United States federal government. However, the area around present-day Kalamazoo

4988-533: The mall's four blocks were reopened to auto traffic in 1999 after much debate. An F3 tornado struck downtown Kalamazoo on May 13, 1980, killing five and injuring 79. On February 20, 2016, Kalamazoo became the site of a random series of shootings in which six people were killed. A prime suspect was apprehended by police without incident. In the past, Kalamazoo was known for its production of windmills , mandolins , buggies , automobiles , cigars , stoves , paper , and paper products. Agriculturally, it once

5074-464: The modern city of Kalamazoo, was located on the route between Detroit and Fort Saint-Joseph (nowadays Niles, Michigan ). French-Canadian traders, missionaries, and military personnel were quite familiar with this area during the French era and thereafter. The Kalamazoo River was then known by Canadians and French as La rivière Kikanamaso . The name "Kikanamaso" was also recorded by Father Pierre Potier ,

5160-462: The mucosal membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. A 2000 review found no irritation or sensitization on contact with carbonless copy paper produced after 1987. In most cases, good industrial hygiene and work practices should be adequate to reduce or eliminate symptoms. These include adequate ventilation, humidity, and temperature controls; proper housekeeping; minimal hand-to-mouth and hand-to-eye contact; and periodic cleansing of hands. In

5246-418: The outlook in 1931 was more favorable. Alas, 1931 and 1932 turned out to be difficult years and the company did not make any profits. In January 1934 President Gilman was able to report that profits of $ 25,000 had been made during 1933. At this time Frederick C. Fisher and John A. Pyl were the vice presidents, S. B. Monroe was still the treasurer. In 1933 the larger of the two mills in Otsego (former Bardeen No 1)

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5332-518: The paper mills in and near the city. The Allied Paper Corporation operated several mills and employed 1,300 people in Kalamazoo during the late 1960s. As the forests of West Michigan were logged, paper mills closed. Early in the 20th century, Kalamazoo was home to the Brass Era car company Barley . Kalamazoo was also headquarters of the Checker Motors Company , the former manufacturer of

5418-492: The paper-making division of that entity. The transaction was completed on 20 December of that year. SCM shares were issued in place of Allied shares, which were valued at $ 24.25 a share. The new paper-making division was named SCM Allied Paper. Ernest Klimczak continued as president for paper making and all other Allied Paper Corporation officers were retained. Dr. Ward Harrison became an SCM vice president. At this time, SCM Allied Paper employed 1,300 people in its Kalamazoo mills and

5504-484: The phrase "from Timbuktu to Kalamazoo". Today, T-shirts are sold in Kalamazoo with the phrase "Yes, there really is a Kalamazoo". For many years, this was even adopted as the city's main slogan. The area on which the modern city of Kalamazoo stands was once home to Native Americans of the Hopewell tradition , who migrated into the area sometime before the first millennium . Evidence of their early residency remains in

5590-440: The planned 100,000 tons of paper pulp produced each year at Jackson would be shipped by railroad to the Kalamazoo mills. When the new Allied pulp mill came on-line in 1965, virgin pulp was indeed shipped by rail to Kalamazoo, resulting in the closure of most de-inking operations in Kalamazoo. All paper recycling stopped abruptly in 1971 upon the discovery of toxic PCB contamination. The Bryant pulp mill buildings were sold in 1972 to

5676-442: The population. There were 29,141 households, of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.1% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.8% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

5762-535: The pressure causes the micro-capsules to break and release their dye. Since the capsules are so small, the resulting print is very accurate. Carbonless copy paper was also available in a self-contained version that had both the ink and the clay on the same side of the paper. Carbonless copy paper was first produced by the NCR Corporation , applying for a patent on June 30, 1953. Formerly, the options were to write documents more than once or use carbon paper , which

5848-407: The thinnest bible paper to heavy book paper for novels. Business papers include forms, mimeo, duplication and offset for reproduction machines, bond, carbon insets and special coated papers for electrostatic office copiers. School supply papers include notebook filler, construction and drawing paper, pads, envelopes and reproduction and typing papers. Also in early 1957 Allied announced they would build

5934-452: The village of Bronson—not to be confused with the much smaller Bronson, Michigan , about fifty miles (80 km) to the south-southeast of Kalamazoo. Bronson, frequently described as "eccentric" and argumentative, was later run out of town. The village was renamed Kalamazoo in 1836, due in part to Bronson's being fined for stealing a cherry tree. Today, a hospital and a downtown park, among other things, are named for Bronson. Kalamazoo

6020-446: The way downstream to the dam at Allegan, Michigan . The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared this a Superfund Site . SCM Allied Paper was held legally responsible for cleanup of the lagoons and ponds used by the Monarch and Bryant Mills. Along with Georgia-Pacific it was held legally responsible for the cleanup of PCBs in the Kalamazoo River. Through acquisitions this responsibility transferred sequentially to

6106-568: Was crystal violet lactone , which is widely used today. Other dyes and supporting chemicals used are PTSMH ( p -toluene sulfinate of Michler's hydrol), TMA ( trimellitic anhydride ), phenol-formaldehyde resins, azo dyes , DIPN ( diisopropylnaphthalenes , formaldehyde isocyanates , hydrocarbon -based solvents , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , polyoxypropylene diamine , epoxy resins , aliphatic isocyanates , bisphenol A , diethylene triamine , and others. The dyes in carbonless copy papers may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive persons. Until

6192-426: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 26.2 years. 20.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 27% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 18.2% were from 45 to 64; and 9.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. The city of Kalamazoo is commonly divided into 22 neighborhoods, many of which are served by

6278-522: Was a pharmaceutical research and manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo; through a series of mergers and acquisitions that took place between 1995 and 2003, the Upjohn Company assets became a part of the Pfizer Corporation. Most of Upjohn's original facilities remain, many have been renovated and some new buildings have been constructed. The bulk of the former Upjohn Company facilities in

6364-574: Was announced that the coating mill in Otsego would be closed and in June 1956 the Bryant Mill in Kalamazoo was leased for ten years from the St Regis Paper Company with an option to buy. This large and successful Kalamazoo mill dated back to 1895. It had been acquired by Time Inc. of New York (the publishers of magazines Time and Life) in 1945. They invested heavily, including construction of a new research building on Alcott Street in Kalamazoo, but sold

6450-492: Was expected that between 1200 and 1800 people would be given employment. A. L. Pratt was selected as company President, and A. G. Gilman and George H. Gerpheide were the vice presidents. George B. Davis was the secretary and S. B. Monroe the treasurer. The new corporation was capitalized at 5,000,000 preferred shares and 5,000,000 shares of no-par value common stock. By 1925 the Allied Paper Mills employed 1500 people and had produced 2,725 railroad car loads of paper in that year. It

6536-589: Was inserted between the sheet being written upon and the copy. Carbonless paper was used as business stationery requiring one or more copies of the original, such as invoices and receipts. The copies were often paper of different colors (e.g., white original for customer, yellow copy for supplier's records, and other colors for subsequent copies). Stationery with carbonless copy paper can be supplied collated either in pads or books bound into sets, or as loose sets, or as continuous stationery for printers designed to use it. The first dye used commercially in this application

6622-426: Was legally incorporated as a village in 1838 and as a city in 1883. The fertile farmlands attracted prosperous Yankee farmers who settled the surrounding area, and sent their sons to Kalamazoo to become businessmen, professionals and entrepreneurs who started numerous factories. Most of the original settlers of Kalamazoo were New Englanders or were from upstate New York. On August 27, 1856, Abraham Lincoln gave

6708-517: Was named Allied Paper Corporation president. Losses in 1957 and 1958 were replaced by a profit of $ 670,000 in 1959. Allied was now the third largest employer in Kalamazoo behind the KVP Sutherland Paper and Upjohn companies. At this time the Allied Paper Corporation also owned Phillips Control Corp, specializing in electronic components, and Max Eckhardt and Sons Ornament Corporation, makers of Christmas decorations. In 1960 Allied Paper created

6794-422: Was no longer as profitable as it had been in the past decades. In particular the Bryant Mill in Kalamazoo was losing money because book papers, the mainstay of that mill, were not high-priced commodity items and larger, more automated mills had taken business away. All the mills were quickly put up for sale. In 1988, Michael Gallenberger, an Illinois businessman, spent most of the year negotiating with Hanson to buy

6880-439: Was noted for celery . Although much of it has become suburbanized, the surrounding area still produces farm crops, primarily corn and soybeans. There are still many landmarks and hiking trails based around the past celery industry. Kalamazoo was the original home of Gibson Guitar Corporation, which spawned the still-local Heritage Guitars . The company was incorporated as "Gibson Mandolin - Guitar Co., Ltd" on October 11, 1902, by

6966-644: Was published in Environmental Health Perspectives , connected chronic occupational exposure to paper dust and carbonless copy paper with an increased risk of adult-onset asthma. The average carbonless copy paper contains a high concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor . In 2001, three employees of a medical center in San Francisco filed a lawsuit against their employer, blaming exposure to carbonless copy paper and other chemicals for their inflammatory breast cancer. With

7052-399: Was reserved as the village of Potawatomi Chief Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish . Six years later, as a result of the 1827 Treaty of St. Joseph , the tract that became the city of Kalamazoo was also ceded. In 1829, Titus Bronson , originally from Connecticut , became the first white settler to build a cabin within the present city limits of Kalamazoo. He platted the town in 1831 and named it

7138-488: Was signed but this operation did not come to pass. After sitting empty and unused for some 7 years, demolition of the Bryant Mill started in 2004, paid for by the State of Michigan. Money ran out before completion of the job so the large power plant on site was not demolished at that time. The State of Michigan allocated another $ 1 million for demolition of the power plant, which occurred in the summer of 2008. With $ 3.3 million from

7224-613: Was sold to the Menasha Corporation. On 2 September 1955 it was announced that the Allied Paper Mills board had approved a plan to be acquired by the Thor Corporation , a maker of household appliances. A special shareholders meeting was called for 3 October so they could vote on this plan, which offered $ 46 per share of common stock. At this time, Allied was the fifth largest employer in Kalamazoo County , Michigan and had made

7310-602: Was stated by vice-president Alex G. Gilman that the various divisions were in splendid physical condition. Improvements in 1924 included a new boiler house at the Bardeen Mill and rebuilding of paper machines in both the Bardeen and King Mills. The no-par stock was changed to a par value of $ 10 and 400,000 shares were issued in 1924. In January 1931, Alex G. Gilman, now president, reported at the annual stockholders meeting that Allied Paper Mills had been profitable in 1930 and noted that

7396-516: Was the second largest employer in the City of Kalamazoo behind the Brown Company, another paper maker. Total Allied employment in the United States was 2,880 people. SCM invested in their new papermaking operation, including installation of the first vertical papermaking machine in the U.S. during 1969. It was stated by Dr Ward Harrison that this machine represented the first basic technology increase since

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