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68-785: The Allied Air Command ( AIRCOM ) is the central command of all NATO air and space forces and the Commander Allied Air Command is the prime air and space advisor to the Alliance. When directed by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), it provides the core of the headquarters responsible for the conduct of air operations. The command is based at the Ramstein Air Base in Germany . Originally established in 1974 as Allied Air Forces Central Europe (AAFCE)

136-456: A Colonel Adjutant Staff Officer (Grade 2), informally known as A2: Ranked Major Adjutant Staff Officer (Grade 3), informally known as A3: Ranked Captain Q Branch, called စစ်ထောက် or ထောက် for short in Burmese, is responsible for logistical aspects such as supply and transport as well as ordnance service. Quartermaster Staff Officer (Grade 1), informally known as Q1: Ranked Lieutenant Colonel or

204-574: A Colonel Quartermaster Staff Officer (Grade 2), informally known as Q2: Ranked Major Quartermaster Staff Officer (Grade 3), informally known as Q3: Ranked Captain Prussia adopted Austria's approach in the following years, especially when Gerhard von Scharnhorst , who as a Hanoverian staff officer had worked with the Austrian army in the Austrian Netherlands in the early 1790s, took charge. Initially,

272-488: A Headquarters and also supervise and support subordinate units. The finance branch, not to be confused with Administration from which it has split, sets the finance policy for the operation. Operationally, the Administration and Finance may be interlinked, but have separate reporting chains. Civil-Military Co-operation or civil affairs are the activities that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between

340-414: A ceremony at Ramstein on 1 July 1993, when the headquarters was officially renamed AIRCENT. A further consequence of NATO's reorganization was an increase in the area of responsibility for Allied Forces Central Europe by the addition, on 1 January 1994, of Denmark and the northern parts of Germany, both of which were previously under NATO's Allied Forces Northern Europe command. As a result, Denmark joined

408-466: A more appropriate tasker within the unit to be handled and resolved, which would otherwise be an unnecessary distraction for the Commanding Officer who already makes numerous decisions every day. In addition, a staff aims to carefully craft any useful situations and utilize that information. In a generic command staff, more seasoned and senior officers oversee staff sections of groups organized by

476-690: A more important role for the Generalquartiermeister (Chief of Staff). The failures in the army, especially at the Battle of Leuthen made it clear that Austria had no "great brain" and the command needed to spread the workload to allow the Commander-in-chief the time to consider the strategic picture. The 1757 regulations had created the Grosse Feldgeneralstab and Kleine Generalstab (large and small general staff) and after changes in 1769,

544-484: A particular soldier) or from the top down (such as orders being received from the army level directing that a particular soldier be reassigned to a new unit outside the command). In army units, this person is often called the Adjutant . The S-1 also works with the postal mailing office, and deals with awards and ranks as well. The intelligence section is responsible for collecting and analyzing intelligence information about

612-468: A peacetime establishment of 125 posts of which Host Nation Denmark provides the majority similar to other CAOCs. Under MOU arrangements five other NATO nations; Denmark , Norway , the United Kingdom , Germany , Poland , Italy and Turkey contribute to the international community at Finderup. The commander's and deputy commander's positions are filled by Denmark and United Kingdom, respectively. At

680-609: A permanent staff of 30 officers was established under the direction of Franz Moritz von Lacy , which would be expanded in wartime with junior officers. The Grosse staff was divided into three: First, the Intrinsecum , which handled internal administration and directing operations; secondly, external activities, including the Pioneers ; thirdly, the Inspection Service, which handled the issuing of orders and prisoners of war. Alongside

748-488: A role. The staff numbers are assigned according to custom, not hierarchy, traceable back to French practice; i.e., 1 is not "higher ranking" than 2 . This list reflects the SHAPE structure: Since the original continental staff system only covered branches 1 through 6, it is not uncommon to see 7 through 9 omitted or having various meanings. Common variation include merging of 3 and 5 to 3 , Operations and Plans; omitting

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816-418: A small independent element, that is a part of a non-staff organization; i.e., an E3 is an operational element on a logistics site or an E4 is a logistics element on a forward medical support site. Thus, the personnel officer of a naval headquarters would be referred to as N1 . In reality, in large organizations each of these staff functions will require the support of its own large staff, so N1 refers both to

884-513: A staff, whose chief was responsible for directing operations and executing the overall headquarters plan. The staff on the outbreak of war in 1809 numbered over 170. Finally in 1811, Joseph Radetzky von Radetz produced his Über die bessere Einrichtung des Generalstabs , which prioritised the Chief of Staff's managerial and supervisory role with the departments (Political Correspondence, Operations and Service) under their own directors, effectively merging

952-543: Is NATO's principal air advisor and contributes to development and transformation, engagement and outreach within its area of expertise. The command is headquartered at Ramstein Air Base in Germany, from where it can provide command and control for small joint air operations or perform as air component command to support a larger operation. The commander of AIRCOM is currently a United States Air Force General who also serves in

1020-666: Is ordinarily a French or a British 3-star, now appointed by rotation. One of previously subordinate activities of AIRCOM was Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup , in Denmark. Subordinate to AIRCOM are Combined Air Operations Centre in Uedem , Combined Air Operations Centre in Torrejon , and Deployable Air Command and Control Centre in Poggio Renatico . The CAOC in Uedem's primary peacetime role

1088-564: Is responsible for Responsible for intelligence, training and every aspect of operations. General Staff Officer (Grade 1), informally known as G1: Ranked Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel General Staff Officer (Grade 2), informally known as G2: Ranked Major General Staff Officer (Grade 3), informally known as G3: Ranked Captain A Branch, called စစ်ရေး or ရေး for short in Burmese, is responsible for every aspect of personnel management such as medical and military. Adjutant Staff Officer (Grade 1), informally known as A1: Ranked Lieutenant Colonel or

1156-580: Is responsible for maintaining all telecommunication and information systems. Work is supported by the Joint Host Nation Support Group (JHNSG) which is responsible for real life support such as guarding, firefighting, catering and cleaning. In addition JHNSG are also responsible for administrating the NATO personnel in accordance with the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). CAOC Finderup has

1224-548: Is responsible for managing the wide scope of materiel , transport, facilities, services and medical/health support: By NATO doctrine, the logistic staff is tasked with overseeing logistic aspects and principles, where the focus is that "logistic support must be focused towards ensuring the success of the operation" and prescriptions of elements such as responsibility and authority. A logistic staff may be divided into sections based on branch or geographic area. Each section may in turn also be divided into tasks and roles. The size of

1292-514: Is the point of contact for the issue of communications instructions and protocol during operations as well as for communications troubleshooting, issue, and preventative maintenance. Communications at this level is paired with digital as well as voice (radio, computer, etc.). At the unit level, S-6 is also usually responsible for all electronic systems within a unit to include computers, faxes, copy machines, and phone systems. The training branch will organize and coordinate training activity conducted by

1360-669: Is the tactical Command and Control of Quick- Reaction Alert Forces used to police NATO airspace above the Benelux countries, above Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Baltic States ( Baltic Air Policing ). There are also over 50 Control and Reporting Centres and Points, plus linkages with civilian air traffic control networks. Baltic Region Training Events (BRTE) are held designed to offer training opportunities for enhancing interoperability, building capabilities and continuing

1428-820: The Australian Commonwealth Military Forces (now the Australian Army ) adopted many of the practices of the British Army, including its staff system. While this approach was modified and adapted over the course of the 20th Century, the British three branch system and nomenclature remained a feature of Australian practice until 1997 when it adopted the Common Joint Staff System , based on the NATO or Continental/General Staff System, across all three services. The primary reasons given for this were

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1496-516: The French Army of Italy in 1795, his was the old administrative role, accurately described by Jomini and Vachee as "the chief clerk" and "of limited competence". His manual is merely a reporting system as a kind of office manual. Staff officers were rotated out of the line on the Austrian model, but received no training and merely became efficient in the administrative tasks, especially the rapid issuance of orders. It suited Napoleon Bonaparte from

1564-549: The Joint Force Air Component (JFAC) concept. The crest for CAOC Finderup has, at its centre, the sword of the Air Component Command Ramstein . To the left and right of this protective sword are the nations of Iceland , the United Kingdom , Denmark and Norway , within whose airspace all NATO air activities are the responsibility of CAOC Finderup. Three aircraft tracks merge into one to symbolize

1632-455: The Prussian Army assigned a limited number of technical expert officers to support field commanders. Before 1746, however, reforms had added management of intelligence and contingency planning to the staff's duties. Later, the practice was initiated of rotating officers from command to staff assignments and back to familiarize them with both aspects of military operations, a practice that, with

1700-548: The Secretary of Defense . The "Continental Staff System", also known as the "General Staff System" (GSS), is used by most NATO countries in structuring their militaries' staff functions. In this system, which is based on one originally employed by the French Army in the 19th century, each staff position in a headquarters or unit is assigned a letter-prefix corresponding to the formation's element and one or more numbers specifying

1768-638: The "control" on their behalf in a large unit. Most NATO nations, including the United States and most European nations, use the Continental Staff System which has origin in Napoleon 's military. The Commonwealth Staff System, used by most of the Commonwealth , has its origin in the British military. One of the key purposes of a military staff is to provide accurate, timely information (which includes

1836-596: The 4 CAOCs in Norway, Denmark and the UK combined at CAOC Finderup, creating a much larger AOR it became the home of Interim CAOC1, which later became CAOC Finderup. The primary task for CAOC Finderup is to conduct 24/7 Air Policing within its assigned Air Policing Area (APA) in peacetime. In case of crisis and wartime, the CAOC is tasked to be prepared to operate to its full capability at its Crisis Establishment or to augment another CAOC under

1904-590: The Adjutants and General Staff officers. In this system lay the beginnings of a formal staff corps, whose members could specialise in operations, intelligence and logistics. Despite a short lived permanent staff under St-Cyr (1783–90), the French reverted to the old system in 1790, when the Revolutionary Government abolished the staff corps. When General Louis Alexandre Berthier was appointed Chief of Staff to

1972-529: The British Army was thought too small to support separate staff and command career streams. Officers would typically alternate between staff and command. Beevor, Inside the British Army, says instead that the terrible cleavages between staff and line units caused by the enormous losses during the trench warfare of the World War I meant that senior British officers consequently decided that all officers would rotate between staff and line responsibilities, preventing

2040-406: The Commander-in-chief. In 1796, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen augmented these with his own Observationspunkte , writing of the Chief of Staff: "he is duty bound to consider all possibilities related to operations and not view himself as merely carrying out those instructions". On 20 March 1801, Feldmarschalleutnant Duka became the world's first peacetime Generalquartiermeister at the head of

2108-532: The Czech Republic, Italy and Spain. With the accession to NATO of seven new members (Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia) in March 2004, the Baltic States Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania as well as Slovakia became a part of AIRNORTH. On 1 July 2004, AIRNORTH was renamed Component Command-Air Ramstein (CC AIR) and a new internal HQ-structure was implemented. With effect of 1 March 2010

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2176-556: The General Staff was the General Adjutant, who led a group of Adjutant staff selected by the army commanders to handle the details of internal administration and collating intelligence, and answered to the Commander-in-chief. The Chief of Staff became the chief adviser to the Commander-in-chief and, in a fundamental move away from the previous administrative role, the Chief of Staff now undertook operational planning, while delegating

2244-617: The Joint Staff of today works directly for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff rather than the corporate Joint Chiefs of Staff , as they did from 1947 to 1986. Under this scheme, operational command and control of military forces are not the province of the Joint Staff, but that of combatant commanders , who report through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff unless otherwise directed, to

2312-611: The Royal Canadian Navy, Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy , is also titled as Chief of Naval Staff. The head of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force , is also titled as Chief of Air Force Staff. Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup ( CAOC Finderup) was located on the Jutland peninsula , approximately 20 km west of Viborg in

2380-510: The U.S. national appointment of Commander United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa . He is the designated Commander Allied Air Command for all air and space missions as tasked by SACEUR and the Air and Space Advisor to SACEUR. AIRCOM has a multinational staff, which may include liaison elements from other NATO headquarters and national commands as specified in agreements. The Deputy Air Commander

2448-583: The ability to standardise staff organisations across the breadth and depth of the services, and; improve interoperability between America, Britain, Canada and Australia, as well as NATO partners that employed this system. At this time the Australian Defence Force also developed its own Joint Military Appreciation Proces s (JMAP), itself derived from the US Tactical Decision-Making Process and UK Individual Estimate. The head of

2516-459: The addition of enlisted personnel, continues to be used. After 1806, Prussia's military academies trained mid-level officers in specialist staff skills. In 1814, Prussia formally established by law a central military command— Prussian General Staff —and a separate staff for each division and corps . Despite some professional and political issues with the Prussian system, especially when viewed through

2584-405: The amalgamation of former CAOC 1 (Finderup, Denmark), CAOC 3 (Reitan, Norway) and CAOC 9 (High Wycombe, UK RAF High Wycombe ). The NATO crest is in the top right and in the top left 3 waves indicate the 3 seas surrounding the host nation, Denmark. The work of CAOC Finderup takes place in the bunker located at Operations Centre Finderup (OC Finderup). It is supported by a detachment of NCIA which

2652-427: The budget officer in the operations section of the intelligence department; A1.1-1-1 might simply be a receptionist). The manpower or personnel officer supervises personnel and administration systems. This department functions as the essential administrative liaison between the subordinate units and the headquarters, handling personnel actions coming from the bottom up (such as a request for an award to be given to

2720-554: The chief of the column staff and his principal task would be to help the commander to understand what was intended. When Karl Mack von Leiberich became chief of staff of the army under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in the Netherlands, he issued the Instruktionspunkte für gesammte Herren Generals , the last of 19 points setting out the roles of staff officers, dealing with offensive and defensive operations, while helping

2788-472: The command overall, clarifying matters overall. This frees up the most senior members of the command at each level for decision making and issuing direction for further research or information gathering (perhaps requiring men to put their lives at risk to gather additional intelligence). Operations staff officers also are tasked with battle planning both for offensive and defensive conditions, and issuing contingency plans for handling situations anticipated during

Allied Air Command - Misplaced Pages Continue

2856-420: The command was renamed to Allied Air Command Ramstein and with effect from 1 January 2013, following the deactivation of Allied Air Command İzmir , the command was renamed Allied Air Command ('AIRCOM'). Allied Air Command has previously been named as follows: Allied Air Command is tasked with planning and directing the air component of NATO operations and missions, as well as air and missile defence matters. It

2924-554: The command's task was to provide centralized direction and control for NATO air forces in the European Central Region corresponding to West Germany south of the river Elbe , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg . During the early 1990s, following the relaxation of the tensions between East and West, a major reorganization of the NATO command and control structure was undertaken. As part of this, and to take account of

2992-457: The continental system, 1 is higher ranking than 2 followed by 3. Despite being called GSO, ASO and QSO in English, all of them are translated as either စစ်ဦးစီးမှူး for G (or) ဦးစီးအရာရှိ for A and Q in Burmese . You can check the 2010/2011 military command structure of Myanmar in the photo shown below which still uses the same staff system G Branch, called စစ်ဦးစီး or ဦး for short in Burmese,

3060-463: The decrease in the number of allied aircraft in Europe, a rationalization of the Central Region air force headquarters occurred in 1993 with the closing of Second Allied Tactical Air Force and Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force and the expansion of AAFCE to meet the new increased task as it absorbed functions previously undertaken by the two subordinate ATAFs. This change in structure was marked by

3128-578: The development of a separate general staff corps. The National Security Act of 1947 instead created a Joint Staff populated by military service members who, rather than becoming career staff officers on the German general staff model, rotate into (and back out of) joint staff positions. Following the major revision of Title 10 of the United States Code by the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986,

3196-620: The enemy to determine what the enemy is doing or might do, to prevent the accomplishment of the enemy's mission. This office may also control maps and geographical information systems and data. At the unit level, the S-2 is the unit's security officer, and the S-2 section manages all security clearance issues for the unit's personnel. Other duties of the S-2 often include intelligence oversight and physical security . The operations office may include plans and training. The operations office plans and coordinates operations, and all things necessary to enable

3264-507: The foreseeable future. Prior to the late 18th century, there was generally no organizational support for staff functions such as military intelligence , logistics , planning or personnel. Unit commanders handled such functions for their units, with informal help from subordinates who were usually not trained for or assigned to a specific task. Count Leopold Joseph von Daun , in a letter to Empress Maria Theresa in January 1758, pressed for

3332-401: The formation to operate and accomplish its mission. In most units, the operations office is the largest of the staff sections and considered the most important. All aspects of sustaining the unit's operations, planning future operations, and additionally planning and executing all unit training, fall under the responsibility of operations. The operations office is also tasked with keeping track of

3400-432: The information is not pertinent to the unit, it is redirected to the command level which can best utilize the condition or information. Staffs are generally the first to know of issues that affect its group. Issues that require major decisions affecting the unit's operational capability are communicated to the commanding officer. However, not all issues will be handled by the commander. Smaller matters that arise are given to

3468-545: The integration of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. AIRCOM is also in charge of the NATO Integrated Air Defense System (NATINADS) which controls not only the air forces assigned to active NATO duty but also gathers information and coordinates the activities of the radar and ground facilities of the member states. Staff (military) A commander "commands" through their personal authority, decision-making and leadership, and uses general staff to exercise

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3536-438: The logistic staff can vary greatly, depending on the environment and complexity of operations. NATO in example work with a "Multinational Joint Logistic Centre", which exists outside of the force commander's staff, but runs as a separate entity/unit, with only a few logistic personnel in the commander's staff who act as liaisons. The plans and strategy office is responsible for civil military operations (CMO) strategy planning. At

3604-683: The middle of the Finderup military training area in Denmark . It was part of NATO's Air Policing mission and was responsible of the airspace around Iceland, Norway, Denmark and the United Kingdom. Under the NATO Integrated Air Defence System ( NATINADS ) concept, resources are allocated by nations to NATO for the purpose of Air Defence in peacetime. At the end of June 2013 the CAOC was deactivated and responsibility for its Air Policing Area

3672-474: The military forces, the government or non-government civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly, neutral, or hostile area of operations in order to facilitate military operations and consolidate and achieve mission objectives. The "Commonwealth staff system", used by most Commonwealth nations, is largely based on the British military's staff system with nation-specific variations. Following Australia's Federation in 1901,

3740-435: The moment he took over the army the following year and he would use Berthier's system throughout his wars. Crucially, Napoleon remained his own intelligence chief and operational planner, a workload which, ultimately, not even he could cope with. Overall staff system structure is generally similar to the pre 1984 British Army system with G Branch, A Branch and Q Branch with slightly different staff officer position names. Unlike

3808-460: The needs of the unit. Senior Enlisted Personnel task personnel in the maintenance of tactical equipment and vehicles. Senior Analysts are tasked with the finalizing of reports, and their enlisted personnel participate in the acquisition of information from subordinate staffs and units. This hierarchy places decision making and reporting under the auspices of the most experienced personnel and maximizes information flow of pertinent information sent out of

3876-477: The office and the officer in charge of it. The continental staff system can be carried down to the next level: J1.3 (or J13 , sometimes the dot-separator is omitted) is thus the operations officer of the personnel office of a joint headquarters, but the exact definition of the roles at this level may vary. Below this, numbers can be attached following a hyphen, but these are usually only positional numbers assigned arbitrarily to identify individuals ( G2.3-2 could be

3944-518: The position of a modern Chief of Staff: "The Chief of Staff stands at the side of the Commander-in-Chief and is completely at his disposal. His sphere of work connects him with no specific unit". "The Commander-in-Chief decides what should happen and how; his chief assistant works out these decisions, so that each subordinate understands his allotted task". With the creation of the Korps in 1809, each had

4012-629: The prism of the 20th century World Wars, their General Staff concept has been adopted by many large armies in existence today. Before the Crimean War staff work was looked at "with great disdain" in the British Army ; the hardships of that war caused by disorganization led to a change in attitude. The General Staff in Britain was formed in 1905, and reorganized again in 1908. Unlike the Prussian staff system,

4080-524: The results of contingency planning) on which command decisions are based. A goal is being able to suggest approaches or help produce well-informed decisions that will effectively manage and conserve unit resources. In addition to generating information, the staff also manages the flow of communication within the unit and around it. While controlled information flow toward the commander is a priority, those useful or contingent in nature are communicated to lower-level units and/or through their respective staffs. If

4148-414: The routine work to his senior staff officers. Staff officers were drawn from line units and would later return to them, the intention being that they would prove themselves as leaders during their time with the staff. In a battle or when the army had detached corps, a small number of staff would be allocated to the column commander as a smaller version of headquarters. The senior man, usually a Major, would be

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4216-423: The simple G , which is retained in place for modern army usage. But the increasing complexity of modern armies, not to speak of the spread of the staff concept to naval, air and other elements, has demanded the addition of new prefixes. These element prefixes are: On some occasions the letter E can also be observed, though it is not an official term. In that case it is for element and it will be used to identify

4284-508: The six nations, which staffed the headquarters since its inception: Belgium, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. On 3 March 2000, AIRNORTHWEST ( High Wycombe , UK) and AIRCENT were amalgamated. The new command was named AIRNORTH and also took over the air responsibilities of the former HQ BALTAP (which became JHQ NORTHEAST ( Karup /DA)), and HQ NORTH (which became JHQ NORTH ( Stavanger /NO)). HQ AIRNORTH now included also personnel from Norway, Hungary, Poland,

4352-642: The staff and the wartime role of the Chief of Staff was now focused on planning and operations to assist the Commander. Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen himself produced a new Dienstvorschrift on 1 September 1805, which divided the staff into three: 1) Political Correspondence; 2) the Operations Directorate, dealing with planning and intelligence; 3) the Service Directorate, dealing with administration, supply and military justice. The Archduke set out

4420-613: The training branch and utilizing 7 for engineering (as seen in US Military Sealift Command and Multinational Forces-Iraq (MNF-I) ) and replacing 9 with a legal branch (making CIMIC a part of another branch, i.e. 2 or 4) as seen with the UK Permanent Joint Headquarters. Derived from the Prussian Große Generalstab (Great General Staff), traditionally these staff functions were prefixed by

4488-437: The unit level, the S-5 is the primary adviser to the commander on the civilian-to-military and military-to-civilian impact of the mission/operation within the host nation's (HN) area of interest (AOI), area of operations (AO), or the target area of interest (TAOI). The G5 serves as the mission support office (MSO) at the division level and HHC for civil military plans and strategy. The signal office directs all communications and

4556-463: The weekly training schedules. In most military units (i.e., battalion , regiment , and brigade ), the operations officer carries the same rank as the executive officer (XO), but ranks third in the unit's chain of command while the other staff officers are one rank lower. For example, in a battalion, the S-3 would hold the rank of major (like the battalion XO), while the remaining staff officers are captains or lieutenants . The logistics office

4624-503: Was passed to Combined Air Operations Centre Uedem (CAOC Uedem) in Germany under the new NATO Force Structure. The bunker which houses CAOC Finderup was built between 1977 and 1985 as the wartime headquarters for NATO's Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (BALTAP). At the end of the Cold War , BALTAP was disbanded but a new command was activated as is subordinate air agency: Interim Combined Air Operations Centre No 1. NATO established 10 ICAOCs in all, roughly along national borders. In 2008

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