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27-454: Alishang is a village, river and a fertile valley of Laghman Province , and also the district headquarters of Mihtarlam District , in eastern Afghanistan . It lies about 40 km northwest of Jalalabad . The fertile Alishang valley drained by the Alishang River, which is described as "contracted", has an abundance of mounds and caves. Is surrounded by Badrow hills. Alladad Khan castle

54-723: A distance of 600 yojanas between the Maurya empire, and "where the Yona king named Antiyoga (is ruling)", identified as King Antiochus II Theos , whose capital was Babylon . A range of estimates, for the length of a yojana, based on the ~2,000 km from Baghdad to Kandahar , on the eastern border of the empire, to the ~4,000 km to the Capital at Patna , have been offered by historians. ....And this (conquest) has been won repeatedly by Devanampriya both [here] and among all (his) borderers, even as far as at (the distance of) six hundred yojanas where

81-459: A large force into the valley of Lamghan ( Jalalabad ) where he clashed with Sabuktigin and his son. The battle stretched on several days until a snowstorm affected Jaipala's strategies, forcing him to sue for peace. Jayapala then returned to Waihind but broke the treaty and mistreated the amirs sent to collect the tribute. Sabuktigin launched another invasion in retaliation. According to al-Utbi, Sabuktigin attacked Lamghan, conquering it and burning

108-537: A skilled birth attendant increased from 3% in 2005 to 36% in 2011. There are 57 medical health clinics and 2 government hospitals. The Alingar and Alishing rivers pass through Laghman, as the province is known for its lushness. Laghman has sizable amounts of irrigated land as one can find scores of fruits and vegetables from Laghman in Kabul . Other main crops in Laghman include rice, wheat and cotton as many people living in

135-521: A whole under the Laghman Province is prone to natural disasters due to floods, snow and drought. During 2003–2004, the flood damage in the district was to agricultural land and crops, due to snow to animal life and also by drought. Alishang has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ) with hot summers and cool winters. The earliest history is traced to the Mughal Emperor Babur . In

162-459: Is located close to the village. The Alishang River valley has a number of villages on the way from Jalalabad, such as Kargai, Tajak, Tigadee and Safees along its river course, which in some reaches is very narrow and can be forded by dismounting from the horse's back. Alishang village is on the banks of Alishang River, which is also called the Nadjil River . It rises in the mountains of Nadjil on

189-527: The Kabul - Gandhara area by the time of Alp-tegin . According to Firishta , Sabuktigin had already begun raiding Lamghan under Alp-begin. He crossed the Khyber Pass many times and raided the territory of Jayapala . He plundered the forts in the outlying provinces of the Kabul Shahi and captured many cities, acquiring huge booty. He also established Islam at many places. Jaipal in retaliation marched with

216-618: The Soviets are said to have employed a strategy that targeted and destroyed the agricultural infrastructure of Laghman. As of 2007, an International Security Assistance Force Provincial Reconstruction Team led by the United States is based at Mihtarlam. In 2021, the first stadium in Laghman opened in Mihtarlam . The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 39% in 2005 to 34% in 2011. The percentage of births attended to by

243-615: The Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive . Laghman or Lamghan is originally named after Lamech (Mether Lam Baba), the father of Noah . Located currently at the Kabul Museum are Aramaic inscriptions that were found in Laghman which indicated an ancient trade route from India to Palmyra. Aramaic was the bureaucratic script language of the Achaemenids whose influence had extended toward Laghman. During

270-492: The Yona king named Antiyoga (is ruling), and beyond this Antiyoga, (where) four kings (are ruling), (viz, the king) named Tulamaya , (the king) named Antekina , (the king) named Maka , (and the king) named Alikyashudala , (and) likewise towards the south, (where) the Cholas and Pandyas (are ruling), as far as Tamraparni . In Hindu scriptures, Paramāṇu is the fundamental particle and smallest unit of length. The length of

297-556: The 1520s, Babur, while camping in Alishang, had hunted wildlife in the mountains of the Alishang valley before he returned to India . The place finds mention in Babur's writings and the people inhabiting the village are stated to be cantankerous and are given an epithet in the local language. In the 1840s, the settlement was described as a "small walled-in town, of about four hundred houses, but has nothing remarkable in its appearance." This valley

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324-565: The Mujahideen soldiers. In August 1981, the Mujahideen controlled the district centre of Alishang. In March 2011, the Mujahideen were reported to have attacked a US camp in the area. In 2006, a new micro-hydro electrical power plant opened in Alishang, built at a cost of US$ 32,000 by the Methar Lam Provincial Reconstruction Team. The plant provides power to some 300 homes in the area. Laghman Province In 2021,

351-603: The Tomb of Lamech, amid gardens, over the site of his presumed grave, 50 kilometres from Mihtarlam . In the 14th and 15th centuries, Khārkhay Pashtuns such as Yusupzai and Tarkāṇī invaded the Laghmān valley and displaced the native Indo-Aryans. During the early years of the 16th century, the Mughal ruler Babur spent much time in Laghman, and in Baburnama (memoirs of Babur) he expatiated on

378-587: The area are involved in agricultural trade and business. Laghman also has an array of precious stones and minerals, as it is well known for being a relatively untapped source of the Tourmaline and Spodumene gemstones which are reported to be in abundance at the northern portions of the province. There are also marble mines. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 14% in 2005 to 26% in 2011. The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 48% in 2005 to 52% in 2011. As of 2021,

405-663: The beauty of forested hillsides and the fertility of the valley bottoms of the region. Laghman was recognized as a dependent district of Kabulistan in the Mughal era, and according to Baburnama, "Greater Lamghanat" included the Muslim-settled part of the Kafiristan , including the easterly one of Kunar River . Laghman was the base for expeditions against the non-believers and was frequently mentioned in accounts of jihads led by Mughal emperor Akbar 's younger brother, Mohammad Hakim, who

432-458: The climate was mild with little frost and no snow. [...] There were above ten Buddhist monasteries and a few Brethren the most of whom were Mahayanists . The non-Buddhists had a score or two of temples and they were very numerous." The Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam which was finished in 982 AD mentioned the presence of some idol worshipping temples in the area, and describes the province as an emporium of Hindūstān . The Kabul Shahis only retained Lamghan in

459-534: The forest or drowned in the river. The second battle that took place between Sabuktigin and Jayapala in 988 A.D., resulted in the former capturing territory between Lamghan and Peshawar . Al-Ubti also states that the Afghans and Khaljis , living there as nomads, took the oath of allegiance to him and were recruited into his army. Sabuktigin won one of his greatest battles in Laghman against Jayapala and his army numbering 100,000. Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni built

486-670: The invasions of Alexander the Great , the area was known as Lampaka. Inscriptions in Aramaic dating from the Mauryan Dynasty were found in Laghman which discussed the conversion of Ashoka to Buddhism. The inscription mentions that the distance to Palmyra is 300 dhanusha or yojana . The Mahamayuri Tantra dated to between the 1-3rd century mentions several popular Yaksha shrines. It mentions Yaksha Kalahapriya being worshipped in Lampaka. In

513-634: The population. Kochi people (nomads) live in Laghman province, and their numbers fluctuate depending on the season. In the winter, 94,020 people, or around 4% of the Kuchi population, stay in Laghman living in 40 communities. Yojana A yojana ( Devanagari : योजन; Khmer language : យោជន៍; Thai : โยชน์ ; Burmese : ယူဇနာ ) is a measure of distance that was used in ancient India , Cambodia , Thailand and Myanmar . Various textual sources from ancient India define Yojana as ranging from 3.5 to 15 km. Ashoka , in his Major Rock Edict No.13 , gives

540-449: The population. Sapi, Tajik, Nasir, Ibrahimkhail , Hoodkhail, Nuristani, Kharoti , Jabarkhail, Pashaie, Niazi , Pashtun, and Gujjars are the major ethnic groupings. Pashto is spoken in 345 of the 620 villages, accounting for about 58 percent of the population. Pashayi languages is the second most common language, spoken by a third of the people in 210 localities. Dari is spoken in 57 localities, accounting for slightly more than 9% of

567-478: The residences of the "infidels" while also demolishing its idol-temples and establishing Islam. He advanced and butchered the idolaters, destroying the temples and plundering their shrines, even risking frostbite on their hands counting the large booty. To avenge the savage attack of Sabuktigin, Jayapala, who has earlier taken his envoys as hostage, decided to go to war again in revenge. The forces of Kabul Shahi were however routed and those still alive were killed in

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594-524: The seventh century, the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited Laghman, which he called "Lan-pro" and considered part of India. He indicated the presence of Mahayana Buddhists and numerous Hindus , including Brahmins : "For several centuries the native dynasty had ceased to exist, great families fought for preeminence, and the state had recently become a dependency of Kapis . The country produced upland rice and sugar cane, and it had much wood but little fruit;

621-651: The southern slopes of Hindukush mountains and after traversing 90 miles joins the Alinghar River in Alishang village. The valley and the river are both named as Alishang. Similarly, Alinghar River is also known as the Kow, which rises in the Hindukush mountains joins the Alishang River in Alishang. The Rhododendron Afghanicum was found in the Laghman Valley, northeast of Kabul . Alishang district (estimated population 139,000) as

648-582: The total population of the province is about 502,148, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. According to the Naval Postgraduate School , as of 2010 the ethnic groups of the province are as follows: 52.0% Pashtun , 26.7% Pashai and Nuristani (Kata), and 21.7% Tajik . The people of Laghman are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim . Laghman has a population of 396,000 people in 2008. The province has 60,048 households, with an average of six persons per home. Rural areas are home to 99 percent of

675-545: The yojana varies depending on the different standards adopted by different Indian astronomers . In the Surya Siddhanta (late 4th-century CE–early 5th-century CE), for example, a yojana was equivalent to 8.0 km (5 mi), and the same was true for Aryabhata 's Aryabhatiya (499). However, 14th-century mathematician Paramesvara defined the yojana to be about 1.5 times larger, equivalent to about 13 km (8 mi). A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada gives

702-562: Was in 1883 the westward limit of Kafiristan according to William Watts McNair . In the war against the Soviets, Mujahideen forces who had taken shelter in the village were attacked. After initial set back and death of several soldiers and the local Mujahideen leader of Alishang, Mujahideen forces managed to defend the village. Soviets withdrew under fierce fighting in which the Mujahideen had superior firepower; both sides suffered many casualties. The local villagers provided help in many respects to

729-601: Was the governor of Kabul. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Mughals and made the territory part of the Durrani Empire . In the late nineteenth century, Amir Abdur Rahman Khan forced the remaining kafirs ( Nuristani people ) to convert to Islam . During the Soviet-Afghan war and the battles that followed between the rivaling warlords, many homes and business establishments in the province were destroyed. In addition,

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