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25-540: In 1997, while returning to southern California after finishing the Los Angeles-to-Hawaii Transpacific sailing race, he and his crew caught sight of trash floating in the North Pacific Gyre , one of the most remote regions of the ocean. He wrote articles about the extent of this garbage, and the effects on sea life, which attracted significant attention in the media. “As I gazed from the deck at

50-536: A day ahead of official winner and record-setter Blackfin . In 2013, the fully crewed monohull, Dorade , won first overall, making it the oldest boat in the fleet to win and a 2-time winner, having won the Transpac in 1936, 77 years prior. The 2019 edition of the race, its fiftieth, saw the sinking of a yacht for the first time in its history, when the 68 foot mono-hulled sailboat Santa Cruz 70 OEX suffered rudder damage and an uncontrollable water intrusion. The crew

75-581: A distance of around 2,225 nautical miles (2,560 mi; 4,121 km). In even-numbered years the Pacific Cup race starts out of San Francisco and is run by the Pacific Cup Yacht Club . Started in 1906 by Clarence W. Macfarlane and hosted by the Los Angeles Yacht Club , it is one of yachting's premier offshore races and attracts entrants from all over the world. The race is organized by

100-562: A monohull yacht in the race. The list of Los Angeles to Honolulu Record Holders is: The Barn Door Trophy is awarded each race for the Fastest Monohull Elapsed Time in the race. It was originally called the "First to Finish" Trophy. Since 2009, it has been restricted to manual power only sailing yachts. Barn Door Winners Year Boat Owner/Skipper Time * record Clarence W. Macfarlane Commodore Clarence William Macfarlane (March 8, 1858 – September 15, 1947),

125-653: A sailing enthusiast. In Spring 1906 he sailed his 48-foot schooner, the La Paloma . from Honolulu to San Francisco in 28 days where he expected to join other San Francisco sailors in a race back to Honolulu. However, upon arriving in San Francisco on April 19, 1906, he was shocked to discover the devastating effects 1906 San Francisco earthquake that occurred the day before. He then sailed south to Los Angeles and enlisted sailors in Los Angeles Yacht Club to join him in

150-561: The Transpacific Yacht Club . The race is famous for fast downwind sailing under spinnaker in the trade winds . In 1969, French sailing legend Éric Tabarly shadowed the race with his Pen Duick IV , one of the world's first trimarans competitive in all wind conditions. He originally intended to enter the race but was unaware that multihulls were not invited. Having started with all other participants, Tabarly and his crew set an unofficial record of 8 days and 13 hours, almost

175-730: The Waikapu Sugar Company, on the island of Maui , owned by his brother George and his brother-in-law William H. Cornwell. He organized the Oceanic Gas & Electric Company and introduced the first acetylene gas plant in Hawaii. He later went into a myriad of business including liquor, exporting and importing, and hotel management with his brother George. He managed the Seaside Hotel in Waikiki . Besides his work in business, Macfarlane became

200-481: The 1975 movie Jaws , the character Matt Hooper, played by Richard Dreyfuss , claims that he has "crewed three Transpacs" as a means of establishing his seamanship credentials with Quint. The 2008 documentary Morning Light is a film about the 2007 Disney-sponsored competitors in the race. The Transpac Honolulu Race Elapsed Time Record Trophy is awarded to the Record Holder for the fastest elapsed time by

225-414: The 2009 Transpac, Alfa Romeo II set a Transpac race elapsed-time record of 5 days, 14 hours, 36 minutes, 20 seconds. This represents a new race record for monohulls; the multihull record of 5 days, 9 hours, 18 minutes, set by Bruno Peyron in the 1997 race, remains. However, because she must use "stored power" (a diesel engine) to move, Alfa Romeo II, sailing in the "unlimited" class, was not eligible for

250-947: The Chilean coastline. During this expedition, Moore and his crew collected plastic pollution samples across the Equatorial Currents, the South Pacific Gyre , and at various stations along the Chilean coast. Upon analyzing the plastic debris concentration data, Moore found increased plastic concentration in all the water samples he collected. However, according to the Algalita Foundation, more datasets are needed to support their hypothesis. In May 2020, he founded The Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research and serves as Research Director with over 20 years of experience in this field. The Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research focuses on research around micro- and nano-plastics in

275-672: The Foundation co-sponsored the JUNK Raft project, to "creatively raise awareness about plastic debris and pollution in the ocean", and specifically the Great Pacific Garbage Patch trapped in the North Pacific Gyre , by sailing 2,600 miles across the Pacific Ocean on a 30-foot-long (9.1 m) raft made from an old Cessna 310 aircraft fuselage and six pontoons filled with 15,000 old plastic bottles. Crewed by Dr. Marcus Eriksen of

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300-614: The Foundation, and film-maker Joel Paschal, the raft set off from Long Beach, California on 1 June 2008, arriving in Honolulu, Hawaii on 28 August 2008. On the way, they gave valuable water supplies to Ocean rower Roz Savage , also on an environmental awareness voyage. The construction of the JUNK Raft began in April 2008 and was finished in May that year. The undertaking of constructing this seaworthy raft

325-559: The Mighty Merloe smash the record by over 25 hours making the trip in just over 4 days. On July 7, 2009, Alfa Romeo II beat the Morning Glory record for best day's run set in the 2005 race, by sailing 399 nautical miles (459 mi; 739 km) in 24 hours. The next two days she broke her own best-day record by sailing 420 nautical miles (480 mi; 780 km) and 431 nautical miles (496 mi; 798 km). First to finish

350-531: The environment Charles J. Moore research director will become articulate in identifying microplastics as an area of concern in our oceans. ( Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research 2023 ) Transpacific Yacht Race The Transpacific Yacht Race (Transpac) is a biennial offshore yacht race held in odd-numbered years starting off the Pt. Fermin buoy in San Pedro, California and ending off Diamond Head in Hawaii,

375-474: The first transpacific (Transpac) LA-Honolulu race that started on June 11, 1906. This transpacific (Transpac) race is still held every two years from Point Fermin off San Pedro, Los Angeles and ending off of Diamond Head in Honolulu, covering a distance of 2,223 nautical miles. It also claimed he was the first Caucasian to master the traditional Hawaiian sports of surfing and sailing the outrigger canoe . He

400-580: The island with the exception of Henry who was born at sea. During the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy , Macfarlane and his brothers were supporters of Queen Liliuokalani . He later became a member of the Democratic Party of Hawaii after the islands became a part of the United States. Macfarlane engaged in business in Hawaii. He worked for the sugar plantation industry in the islands and worked in

425-417: The islands in 1846 via New Zealand. The youngest of six siblings, his brothers were: Henry R. Macfarlane, George W. Macfarlane , who served as Chamberlain of King Kalākaua , Edward C. Macfarlane , who served on as Queen Liliuokalani 's cabinet minister, Frederick W. Macfarlane and sister, Helen Blanche Macfarlane who married William H. Cornwell , also a cabinet minister during the monarchy. All were born in

450-495: The monohull with the fastest elapsed time. In 1995, multihulls were invited to participate for the first time, but not eligible for the Barn Door trophy. Steve Fosset set a new race record in 1995 on his 60' trimaran Lakota , of 6 days 16 hours 7 minutes 16 seconds. Two years later in 1997, this record was broken by the 86' catamaran Explorer with a time of 5 days 9 hours 18 minutes 26 seconds. 2017 saw Howard Enloe and his boat

475-802: The surface of what ought to have been a pristine ocean,” Moore later wrote in an essay for Natural History, “I was confronted, as far as the eye could see, with the sight of plastic. It seemed unbelievable, but I never found a clear spot. In the week it took to cross the subtropical high, no matter what time of day I looked, plastic debris was floating everywhere: bottles, bottle caps, wrappers, fragments.” An oceanographic colleague of Moore's dubbed this floating junk yard “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” and despite Moore's efforts to suggest different metaphors — “a swirling sewer,” “a superhighway of trash” connecting two “trash cemeteries” — “Garbage Patch” appears to have stuck. His 1999 study showed that there

500-517: The traditional "Barn Door" trophy, but instead was the inaugural winner of a new trophy dedicated by Trisha Steele, called the " Merlin Trophy". However from 2019 yachts eligible for this trophy must use manual power only In the double-handed division, Pegasus 50, sailed by Philippe Kahn and Mark Christensen, set a new record of 7 days, 19 hours, 38 minutes and 35 seconds. They pioneered use of an iPhone , with Fullpower -MotionX GPS technology. In

525-677: Was a businessman and yachtsman of Hawaii. He founded the Transpacific Yacht Race (Transpac) in 1906 by sailing from San Pedro/Los Angeles, California to Honolulu, Hawaii. Born on March 8, 1858, in Honolulu , Hawaii, his parents were Richard (or Henry) Macfarlane (died 1860) and Eliza Macfarlane (1828–1904). His father was Scottish, of the Highland Clan MacFarlane , while his mother was of English descent. His parents married in Auckland and were early settlers of Hawaii arriving to

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550-604: Was aided by volunteers who cleaned bottles and fastened bottle caps, stuffing them into the recycled fisherman's net pontoon forms. Recently, the foundation sponsored an expedition to the Southern Hemisphere that involved Moore and his colleagues travelling to Easter Island to collect water samples for analysis of plastic content, then traveled to Valparaiso, Chile, to work with the Cientificos de la Basura program. The crew later collected water samples from different beaches along

575-454: Was rescued by another racing boat. This edition also saw the greatest number of skippers dropping out of the race. Ragtime finished first in 1973 and again in 1975. In 1977, the yacht Merlin, designed by Bill Lee , set an elapsed time record of 8 days, 11 hours, 1 minute. This record would stand for 20 years. Ending Merlin's record, in the 1997 race a new monohull elapsed time record of 7 days, 11 hours, 41 minutes, and 27 seconds

600-451: Was set by Roy E. Disney 's Pyewacket , a Santa Cruz 70 ultralight also designed by Bill Lee. The record fell once again in 2005, with Hasso Plattner 's Morning Glory , a maxZ86 from Germany . Morning Glory was the scratch boat when it led a five-boat assault on the record for monohulls. She finished the race in 6 days, 16 hours, 4 minutes, and 11 seconds to win "the Barn Door" trophy, a slab of carved koa wood traditionally awarded to

625-545: Was six times more plastic, by weight, in this part of the ocean than the zooplankton that feeds ocean life. In 2002, a later study showed that even off the coast of California, plastic outweighed zooplankton by a factor of 5:2. These numbers were significantly higher than expected and shocked many oceanographers. Moore is the founder of the Algalita Marine Research and Education in Long Beach, California . In 2008

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