120-508: Alfonso Tiberio Cuarón Orozco ( US : / k w ɑː ˈ r oʊ n / kwar- OHN ; Spanish: [alˈfonso kwaˈɾon] ; born 28 November 1961) is a Mexican filmmaker. His accolades include five Academy Awards , seven BAFTA Awards , and three Golden Globe Awards . Cuarón made his feature film debut with the romantic comedy Sólo con tu pareja (1991), and directed the film adaptations A Little Princess (1995), and Great Expectations (1998). His breakthrough came with
240-698: A cot–caught merger , which is rapidly spreading throughout the whole country. However, the South, Inland North, and a Northeastern coastal corridor passing through Rhode Island, New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore typically preserve an older cot–caught distinction. For that Northeastern corridor, the realization of the THOUGHT vowel is particularly marked , as depicted in humorous spellings, like in tawk and cawfee ( talk and coffee ), which intend to represent it being tense and diphthongal : [oə] . A split of TRAP into two separate phonemes , using different
360-520: A pronunciations for example in gap [æ] versus gas [eə] , further defines New York City as well as Philadelphia–Baltimore accents. Most Americans preserve all historical /r/ sounds, using what is known as a rhotic accent . The only traditional r -dropping (or non-rhoticity) in regional U.S. accents variably appears today in eastern New England , New York City , and some of the former plantation South primarily among older speakers (and, relatedly, some African-American Vernacular English across
480-515: A Hollywood organization that supports Haiti relief, and the BrandAID Project . However, she tries not to draw attention to her humanitarian efforts: "Sometimes I give with my heart. Sometimes I give financially, but there's something about [helping others] that I think ought to be anonymous. I don't want it to be a boastful thing." Lane was featured heavily in the documentary Half the Sky , based on
600-616: A complex phenomenon of "both convergence and divergence": some accents are homogenizing and leveling , while others are diversifying and deviating further away from one another. Having been settled longer than the American West Coast, the East Coast has had more time to develop unique accents, and it currently comprises three or four linguistically significant regions, each of which possesses English varieties both different from each other as well as quite internally diverse: New England ,
720-447: A consonant, such as in pearl , car and fort . Non-rhotic American accents, those that do not pronounce ⟨r⟩ except before a vowel, such as some accents of Eastern New England , New York City , and African-Americans , and a specific few (often older ones) spoken by Southerners , are often quickly noticed by General American listeners and perceived as sounding especially ethnic, regional, or antiquated. Rhoticity
840-703: A further Primetime Emmy nomination), the Scott Z. Burns anthology series Extrapolations for Apple TV+ , the animated Pixar sequel Inside Out 2 (reprising her role as Riley’s Mom), the Netflix show A Man in Full , based on the Tom Wolfe novel of the same name , and most recently, the thriller movie Anniversary set to be released in 2025. Lane was born January 22, 1965, in New York City. Her mother, Colleen Leigh Farrington ,
960-550: A last name with the Mexican Revolutionary Emiliano Zapata, yet the name does not push Julio into action or in other words he lacks the initiative and interest in the country. These same themes of identity and history, particularly of Mexico, were first addressed in his first feature film Solo con tu pareja . In both films Cuarón uses allegory that ties into a national identity and/or history. On top of these themes he also tackles class, but that can be considered
1080-590: A leading ten nominations. In 2019, Cuaron signed an overall TV deal at Apple . His first series for Apple was the psychological thriller Disclaimer , starring Cate Blanchett and Kevin Kline . Cuaron's style is a mix of several mainstream Hollywood conventions while breaking from that dominant influence by taking an unorthodox approach that uses voiceover narration and by unconventionally lengthy shots. These longer cuts, narration, and often, moving cameras are more typical of documentary film . In his first feature film
1200-586: A merger with the THOUGHT ( caught ) set. Having taken place prior to the unrounding of the cot vowel, it results in lengthening and perhaps raising, merging the more recently separated vowel into the THOUGHT vowel in the following environments: before many instances of /f/ , /θ/ , and particularly /s/ (as in Austria, cloth, cost, loss, off, often, etc.), a few instances before /ŋ/ (as in strong, long, wrong ), and variably by region or speaker in gone , on , and certain other words. Unlike American accents,
1320-636: A nice day , for sure); many are now distinctly old-fashioned (swell, groovy). Some English words now in general use, such as hijacking, disc jockey , boost, bulldoze and jazz , originated as American slang. American English has always shown a marked tendency to use words in different parts of speech and nouns are often used as verbs . Examples of nouns that are now also verbs are interview, advocate, vacuum, lobby, pressure, rear-end, transition, feature, profile, hashtag, head, divorce, loan, estimate, X-ray, spearhead, skyrocket, showcase, bad-mouth, vacation , major, and many others. Compounds coined in
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#17328590891631440-677: A number of young male actors who later became leading men in the next decade (as well as members of the so-called " Brat Pack "), including Tom Cruise , Rob Lowe , C. Thomas Howell , Emilio Estevez , Patrick Swayze , Mickey Rourke , Nicolas Cage , and Matt Dillon . Lane's distinction among these heavily male casts advanced her career while affiliating her with young male actors. Andy Warhol proclaimed her, "the undisputed female lead of Hollywood's new rat pack". However, Streets of Fire (she turned down Splash and Risky Business for this film) and The Cotton Club , were both commercial and critical failures, and her career languished as
1560-475: A process of extensive dialect mixture and leveling in which English varieties across the colonies became more homogeneous compared with the varieties in Britain. English thus predominated in the colonies even by the end of the 17th century's first immigration of non-English speakers from Western Europe and Africa. Additionally, firsthand descriptions of a fairly uniform American English (particularly in contrast to
1680-832: A production of the David Cromer directed Sweet Bird of Youth (by Tennessee Williams ) at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. Lane played Princess Kosmonopolis, a fading Hollywood movie star, opposite Finn Wittrock , who portrayed Chance, her attractive gigolo. This was the first time she had done a stage play since 1989, when she played Olivia in William Shakespeare 's Twelfth Night at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lane returned to theatre in
1800-634: A recurring role as Martha Kent , the adoptive mother of Superman , in Man of Steel (2013), and subsequent films of the DC Extended Universe . Since then Diane Lane has remained in demand for highly prestigious movies and shows including lead roles in the thriller Let Him Go (a box office Number 1 in 2020) co-starring Kevin Costner , in the Ryan Murphy epic Feud: Capote vs. The Swans (for which she won
1920-513: A result. After The Cotton Club , Lane dropped out of the movie business and lived with her mother in Georgia. According to the actress, "I hadn't been close to my mom for a long time, so we had a lot of homework to do. We had to repair our relationship because I wanted my mother back." Lane returned to acting to appear in The Big Town and Lady Beware , but didn't make another big impression on
2040-608: A school within the same university. There he met the director Carlos Marcovich and cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki , and they made what would be his first short film, Vengeance Is Mine . Cuarón began working on television in Mexico , first as a technician and then as a director. His television work led to assignments as an assistant director for several film productions including La Gran Fiesta (1985), Gaby: A True Story (1987) and Romero (1989). In 1991 he landed his first big-screen directorial assignment, Sólo con tu pareja ,
2160-603: A second Golden Globe Award nomination. For much of the rest of the decade, she alternately appeared in romances such as Must Love Dogs (2005) and Nights in Rodanthe (2008), and thrillers such as Fierce People (2005), Hollywoodland (2006), and Untraceable (2008). She has appeared in four films directed by Francis Ford Coppola : The Outsiders , Rumble Fish (both 1983), The Cotton Club (1984), and Jack (1996), and appeared in one film directed by his wife Eleanor Coppola : Paris Can Wait (2016). Lane had
2280-460: A seductive, enchanting feel that has nothing to do with sweet, gauzy sentiments or calculatedly “magical” Hollywood imagery". In 2001, Cuarón found himself returning to Mexico with a Spanish-speaking cast to film Y tu mamá también , starring Gael García Bernal , Diego Luna and Maribel Verdú . It was a provocative and controversial road comedy about two sexually obsessed teenagers who take an extended road trip with an attractive married woman who
2400-657: A series of other vowel shifts in the same region, known by linguists as the " Inland North ". The Inland North shares with the Eastern New England dialect (including Boston accents ) a backer tongue positioning of the GOOSE /u/ vowel (to [u] ) and the MOUTH /aʊ/ vowel (to [ɑʊ~äʊ] ) in comparison to the rest of the country. Ranging from northern New England across the Great Lakes to Minnesota, another Northern regional marker
2520-415: A sex comedy about a womanizing businessman (played by Daniel Giménez Cacho ) who, after having sex with an attractive nurse, is fooled into believing he's contracted AIDS . In addition to writing, producing and directing, Cuarón co-edited the film with Luis Patlán. The film, which also starred cabaret singer Astrid Hadad and model/actress Claudia Ramírez (with whom Cuarón was linked between 1989 and 1993)
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#17328590891632640-408: A sizable audience until 1989's popular and critically acclaimed TV miniseries Lonesome Dove , and was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role. She came very close to being cast as Vivian Ward in 1990's blockbuster hit Pretty Woman (which had a much darker script at the time), but due to scheduling conflicts, was unable to take the role. Apparently, costume fittings were made for Lane before
2760-492: A subcategory of economics or politics in which he already grapples with. Cuarón's first marriage was to Mariana Elizondo with whom he has a son, Jonás Cuarón , born in 1981. Jonás is also a film director, known for Year of the Nail and Desierto . Alfonso's second marriage, from 2001 to 2008, was to Italian actress and freelance journalist Annalisa Bugliani, with whom he has two children. He has publicly shown his fascination for
2880-514: A survey, completed in 2003, polling English speakers across the United States about their specific everyday word choices, hoping to identify regionalisms. The study found that most Americans prefer the term sub for a long sandwich, soda (but pop in the Great Lakes region and generic coke in the South) for a sweet and bubbly soft drink , you or you guys for the plural of you (but y'all in
3000-453: A variation of American English in these islands. In 2021, about 245 million Americans, aged 5 or above, spoke English at home: a majority of the United States total population of roughly 330 million people. The United States has never had an official language at the federal level, but English is commonly used at the federal level and in states without an official language. 32 of the 50 states, in some cases as part of what has been called
3120-619: A voice role in the Pixar animated feature Inside Out , and co-starred in the biopic Trumbo (opposite Bryan Cranston and Helen Mirren ), which received a Screen Actors Guild nomination for Best Ensemble Cast. Besides Justice League , Lane appeared in two other films in 2017: Eleanor Coppola 's Paris Can Wait and Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House . In the end of 2012, and before her divorce from Josh Brolin in early 2013, Lane returned to her theater roots and headlined
3240-642: Is also associated with the United States, perhaps mostly in the Midwest and the South. American accents that have not undergone the cot–caught merger (the lexical sets LOT and THOUGHT ) have instead retained a LOT – CLOTH split : a 17th-century distinction in which certain words (labeled as the CLOTH lexical set ) separated away from the LOT set. The split, which has now reversed in most British English, simultaneously shifts this relatively recent CLOTH set into
3360-637: Is also home to a creole language known commonly as Hawaiian Pidgin , and some Hawaii residents speak English with a Pidgin-influenced accent. American English also gave rise to some dialects outside the country, for example, Philippine English , beginning during the American occupation of the Philippines and subsequently the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands ; Thomasites first established
3480-466: Is clear Cuaron is a gifted director, and here he does his best work to date." Cuarón shared an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay with co-writer and brother Carlos Cuarón . In 2004, Cuarón directed the third film in the successful Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban . Cuarón faced criticism at the time from some Harry Potter fans for his approach to
3600-526: Is common in most American accents despite being now rare in England because, during the 17th-century British colonization, nearly all dialects of English were rhotic, and most North American English simply remained that way. The preservation of rhoticity in North America was also supported by continuing waves of rhotic-accented Scotch-Irish immigrants, most intensely during the 18th century (and moderately during
3720-541: Is much older than they. The film's open portrayal of sexuality and frequent rude humor, as well as the politically and socially relevant asides, made the film an international hit and a major success with critics. The film was distributed through IFC in America allowing the film to collecte $ 13.8 million in the United States, unparalleled at the time for Latin American films. Critic Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "It
Alfonso Cuarón - Misplaced Pages Continue
3840-420: Is often identified by Americans as a "country" accent, and is defined by the /aɪ/ vowel losing its gliding quality : [aː] , the initiation event for a complicated Southern vowel shift, including a " Southern drawl " that makes short front vowels into distinct-sounding gliding vowels . The fronting of the vowels of GOOSE , GOAT , MOUTH , and STRUT tends to also define Southern accents as well as
3960-527: Is the common language at home, in public, and in government. Diane Lane Diane Lane (born January 22, 1965) is an American actress. She made her motion picture debut in George Roy Hill's 1979 film A Little Romance . Later she acted in the movies Streets of Fire (1984) and The Cotton Club (1984). Lane returned to acting to appear in The Big Town , Lady Beware (both 1987) and western miniseries Lonesome Dove (1989), for which she
4080-635: Is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the United States ; the de facto common language used in government, education, and commerce; and an official language in 32 of the 50 U.S. states . Since the late 20th century, American English has become the most influential form of English worldwide. Varieties of American English include many patterns of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and particularly spelling that are unified nationwide but distinct from other English dialects around
4200-463: Is the variable fronting of /ɑ/ before /r/ , for example, appearing four times in the stereotypical Boston shibboleth Park the car in Harvard Yard . Several other phenomena serve to distinguish regional U.S. accents. Boston , Pittsburgh , Upper Midwestern , and Western U.S. accents have fully completed a merger of the LOT vowel with the THOUGHT vowel ( /ɑ/ and /ɔ/ , respectively):
4320-531: Is unable to get these kinds of roles. She said in an interview, "I can't do anything official. My agents won't let me. Between you and me, I don't have anything else coming out." Despite her concerns with being typecast, Lane signed on to Secretariat (2010), a Disney film about the relationship between the 1973 Triple Crown -winning racehorse and his owner, Penny Chenery , whom Lane portrayed. Lane then starred in Cinema Verite (2011), an HBO movie about
4440-514: The 75th Venice International Film Festival , where it won the Golden Lion , and was distributed to select Mexican and American theaters before its online release on Netflix . Roma was highly acclaimed upon release; among its accolades are two Golden Globes ( Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Director for Cuarón) and three Academy Awards (Best Director, Best Foreign Language Film , and Best Cinematography for Cuarón) out of
4560-476: The English-only movement , have adopted legislation granting official or co-official status to English. Typically only "English" is specified, not a particular variety like American English. (From 1923 to 1969, the state of Illinois recognized its official language as "American", meaning American English.) Puerto Rico is the largest example of a United States territory in which another language – Spanish –
4680-503: The French film The Unfaithful Wife . Lane played a housewife who indulges in an affair with a mysterious book dealer. The film featured several sex scenes, and Lane's repeated takes for these scenes were very demanding for the actors involved, especially for Lane, who had to be emotionally and physically fit for the duration. Unfaithful received mixed reviews, though Lane earned high praise for her performance. Besides winning Best Actress at
4800-608: The Mid-Atlantic states (including a New York accent as well as a unique Philadelphia–Baltimore accent ), and the South . As of the 20th century, the middle and eastern Great Lakes area , Chicago being the largest city with these speakers, also ushered in certain unique features, including the fronting of the LOT /ɑ/ vowel in the mouth toward [a] and tensing of the TRAP /æ/ vowel wholesale to [eə] . These sound changes have triggered
4920-544: The Native American languages . Examples of such names are opossum , raccoon , squash , moose (from Algonquian ), wigwam , and moccasin . American English speakers have integrated traditionally non-English terms and expressions into the mainstream cultural lexicon; for instance, en masse , from French ; cookie , from Dutch ; kindergarten from German , and rodeo from Spanish . Landscape features are often loanwords from French or Spanish, and
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5040-843: The New York Film Critics Circle 's vote in 2002, Lane was given a career tribute by the Film Society of Lincoln Center . A day before that, Lyne held a dinner for the actress at the Four Seasons Hotel . Critics and award voters were invited to both. She went on to win the National Society of Film Critics , the New York Film Critics Circle awards and was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Unfaithful . In 2003, she
5160-714: The francophile tastes of the 19th century Victorian era Britain (for example they preferred programme for program , manoeuvre for maneuver , cheque for check , etc.). AmE almost always uses -ize in words like realize . BrE prefers -ise , but also uses -ize on occasion (see: Oxford spelling ). There are a few differences in punctuation rules. British English is more tolerant of run-on sentences , called " comma splices " in American English, and American English prefers that periods and commas be placed inside closing quotation marks even in cases in which British rules would place them outside. American English also favors
5280-759: The 18th century; apartment , shanty in the 19th century; project, condominium , townhouse , mobile home in the 20th century; and parts thereof ( driveway , breezeway, backyard ) . Industry and material innovations from the 19th century onwards provide distinctive new words, phrases, and idioms through railroading (see further at rail terminology ) and transportation terminology, ranging from types of roads ( dirt roads , freeways ) to infrastructure ( parking lot , overpass , rest area ), to automotive terminology often now standard in English internationally. Already existing English words—such as store , shop , lumber —underwent shifts in meaning; others remained in
5400-534: The 20th century. The use of English in the United States is a result of British colonization of the Americas . The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the early 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 17th and 18th centuries, dialects from many different regions of England and the British Isles existed in every American colony, allowing
5520-622: The British form is a back-formation , such as AmE burglarize and BrE burgle (from burglar ). However, while individuals usually use one or the other, both forms will be widely understood and mostly used alongside each other within the two systems. While written American English is largely standardized across the country and spoken American English dialects are highly mutually intelligible, there are still several recognizable regional and ethnic accents and lexical distinctions. The regional sounds of present-day American English are reportedly engaged in
5640-507: The COVID pandemic) and with Meryl Streep in the 2023 Apple TV anthology series Extrapolations . In 2024, she played Slim Keith in Ryan Murphy's Feud: Capote vs. The Swans on FX (for which she won a further Primetime Emmy nomination), played the female lead in the Netflix show A Man in Full , and also reprised her voice role as Riley’s Mom in the sequel Inside Out 2 (which has become
5760-413: The East Coast (perhaps in imitation of 19th-century London speech), even the East Coast has gradually begun to restore rhoticity, due to it becoming nationally prestigious in the 20th century. The pronunciation of ⟨r⟩ is a postalveolar approximant [ ɹ̠ ] or retroflex approximant [ ɻ ] , but a unique "bunched tongue" variant of the approximant r sound
5880-638: The Esperanto language and his support for the Esperanto movement . He called his production company Esperanto Filmoj. In October 2023, Cuarón signed an open letter from artists to US President Joe Biden calling for a ceasefire of Israeli bombardment in Gaza . Cuarón is a vegetarian and has been living in London since 2000. American English American English , sometimes called United States English or U.S. English ,
6000-565: The Inland North. Rather than one particular accent, General American is best defined as an umbrella covering an American accent that does not incorporate features associated with some particular region, ethnicity, or socioeconomic group. Typical General American features include rhoticity , the father–bother merger , Mary–marry–merry merger , pre-nasal "short a " tensing , and other particular vowel sounds . General American features are embraced most by Americans who are highly educated or in
6120-472: The Moon . The film also stars Liev Schreiber , Viggo Mortensen , and Anna Paquin . One reviewer wrote, "Lane, after years in post-young-career limbo, is meltingly effective." The film's director, Tony Goldwyn , described Lane as having "this potentially volcanic sexuality that is in no way self-conscious or opportunistic." Lane earned an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Female Lead. At this time, she
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#17328590891636240-732: The National Society of Film Critics and the New York Film Critics Circle, she also received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress , the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role . Entertainment Weekly critic Owen Gleiberman stated that "Lane, in
6360-560: The South), sneakers for athletic shoes (but often tennis shoes outside the Northeast), and shopping cart for a cart used for carrying supermarket goods. American English and British English (BrE) often differ at the levels of phonology, phonetics, vocabulary, and, to a much lesser extent, grammar and orthography. The first large American dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language , known as Webster's Dictionary ,
6480-675: The Table gala at the Montage Beverly Hills . Lane says working with Heifer International has affected her life and nurtured the relationship she has with her daughter. At age six, Lane landed her first acting role in La Mama Experimental Theatre Company 's 1971 production of Medea in which she played Medea's daughter. From then until 1976, she performed with La MaMa, E.T.C. in New York and toured with them abroad. Some of
6600-528: The U.S. Several verbs ending in -ize are of U.S. origin; for example, fetishize, prioritize, burglarize, accessorize, weatherize , etc.; and so are some back-formations (locate, fine-tune, curate, donate, emote, upholster and enthuse). Among syntactic constructions that arose are outside of, headed for, meet up with, back of, etc. Americanisms formed by alteration of some existing words include notably pesky, phony, rambunctious, buddy, sundae , skeeter, sashay and kitty-corner. Adjectives that arose in
6720-563: The U.S. are for instance foothill , landslide (in all senses), backdrop , teenager , brainstorm , bandwagon , hitchhike , smalltime, and a huge number of others. Other compound words have been founded based on industrialization and the wave of the automobile: five-passenger car, four-door sedan, two-door sedan, and station-wagon (called an estate car in British English). Some are euphemistic ( human resources , affirmative action , correctional facility ). Many compound nouns have
6840-662: The U.S. are, for example, lengthy, bossy, cute and cutesy, punk (in all senses), sticky (of the weather), through (as in "finished"), and many colloquial forms such as peppy or wacky . A number of words and meanings that originated in Middle English or Early Modern English and that have been in everyday use in the United States have since disappeared in most varieties of British English; some of these have cognates in Lowland Scots . Terms such as fall ("autumn"), faucet ("tap"), diaper ("nappy"; itself unused in
6960-530: The U.S. while changing in Britain. Science, urbanization, and democracy have been important factors in bringing about changes in the written and spoken language of the United States. From the world of business and finance came new terms ( merger , downsize , bottom line ), from sports and gambling terminology came, specific jargon aside, common everyday American idioms, including many idioms related to baseball . The names of some American inventions remained largely confined to North America ( elevator [except in
7080-427: The U.S.), candy ("sweets"), skillet , eyeglasses , and obligate are often regarded as Americanisms. Fall for example came to denote the season in 16th century England, a contraction of Middle English expressions like "fall of the leaf" and "fall of the year." Gotten ( past participle of get ) is often considered to be largely an Americanism. Other words and meanings were brought back to Britain from
7200-541: The U.S., especially in the second half of the 20th century; these include hire ("to employ"), I guess (famously criticized by H. W. Fowler ), baggage , hit (a place), and the adverbs overly and presently ("currently"). Some of these, for example, monkey wrench and wastebasket , originated in 19th century Britain. The adjectives mad meaning "angry", smart meaning "intelligent", and sick meaning "ill" are also more frequent in American (and Irish) English than British English. Linguist Bert Vaux created
7320-531: The United States and the United Kingdom suggest that, while spoken American English deviated away from period British English in many ways, it is conservative in a few other ways, preserving certain features 21st-century British English has since lost. Full rhoticity (or "R-fulness") is typical of American accents, pronouncing the phoneme /r/ (corresponding to the letter ⟨r⟩ ) in all environments, including in syllable-final position or before
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#17328590891637440-613: The United States, A Little Princess , an adaptation of Frances Hodgson Burnett 's classic 1905 novel of the same name . The film received critical acclaim with Janet Maslin of The New York Times declaring, "[the film] is a bright, beautiful and enchantingly childlike vision", one that "draw[s] its audience into the wittily heightened reality of a fairy tale" and "takes enough liberties to re-invent rather than embalm Miss Burnett's assiduously beloved story". The film went on to receive two Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Production Design . Cuarón's next feature
7560-596: The West and Midwest, and New York Latino English , spoken in the New York metropolitan area . Additionally, ethnic varieties such as Yeshiva English and " Yinglish " are spoken by some American Orthodox Jews , Cajun Vernacular English by some Cajuns in southern Louisiana , and Pennsylvania Dutch English by some Pennsylvania Dutch people. American Indian Englishes have been documented among diverse Indian tribes. The island state of Hawaii , though primarily English-speaking,
7680-597: The World " – Pioneers. In May 2015, Cuarón was announced as the president of the jury for the 72nd Venice International Film Festival . Production began in fall 2016 for Cuarón's eighth film, Roma , a tale of a housekeeper for a middle class Mexican family in 1970s Mexico City, based on the life of his family's longtime maid, Liboria Rodríguez. The project was produced by Cuarón, Gabriela Rodríguez and Nicolás Celis and starred Yalitza Aparicio and Marina de Tavira both of whom received Oscar nominations. The film debuted at
7800-547: The accents spoken in the " Midland ": a vast band of the country that constitutes an intermediate dialect region between the traditional North and South. Western U.S. accents mostly fall under the General American spectrum. Below, ten major American English accents are defined by their particular combinations of certain vowel sounds: In 2010, William Labov noted that Great Lakes, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and West Coast accents have undergone "vigorous new sound changes" since
7920-505: The aeronautical sense ], gasoline ) as did certain automotive terms ( truck , trunk ). New foreign loanwords came with 19th and early 20th century European immigration to the U.S.; notably, from Yiddish ( chutzpah , schmooze, bupkis, glitch ) and German ( hamburger , wiener ). A large number of English colloquialisms from various periods are American in origin; some have lost their American flavor (from OK and cool to nerd and 24/7 ), while others have not ( have
8040-594: The average shot length is around six seconds, and ten years later for Y, Tu Mama Tambien the average increased to 19.6 seconds. The Prisoner of Azkaban had a more conventional average 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 seconds, then the subsequent Children of Men had an extraordinary average of 16 seconds between cuts. A typical Hollywood movie cuts every two seconds. Cuarón work in Hollywood at points his career shows mainstream Hollywood influences, which has spilled over to less mainstream films mode outside of Hollywood. Children of Men
8160-417: The book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide . The documentary had Lane and several other A-list actresses/celebrities visit Africa and other areas where women are oppressed. Lane has become an ambassador for this kind of work and charity work in general. On August 22, 2014, Lane was honored for her work with Heifer International at its third annual Beyond Hunger: A Place at
8280-547: The coming-of-age film Y tu mamá también (2001) which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . He gained greater prominence for directing the fantasy film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), the dystopian drama Children of Men (2006), the science fiction drama Gravity (2013), and the semi-autobiographical drama Roma (2018). The latter two won him Academy Awards for Best Director . He also won Best Film Editing for Gravity and Best Cinematography for Roma . Cuarón
8400-406: The country), though the vowel-consonant cluster found in "bird", "work", "hurt", "learn", etc. usually retains its r pronunciation, even in these non-rhotic American accents. Non-rhoticity among such speakers is presumed to have arisen from their upper classes' close historical contact with England, imitating London's r -dropping, a feature that has continued to gain prestige throughout England from
8520-614: The diverse regional dialects of British English) became common after the mid-18th century, while at the same time speakers' identification with this new variety increased. Since the 18th century, American English has developed into some new varieties, including regional dialects that retain minor influences from waves of immigrant speakers of diverse languages, primarily European languages. Some racial and regional variation in American English reflects these groups' geographic settlement, their de jure or de facto segregation, and patterns in their resettlement. This can be seen, for example, in
8640-742: The double quotation mark ("like this") over the single ('as here'). Vocabulary differences vary by region. For example, autumn is used more commonly in the United Kingdom, whereas fall is more common in American English. Some other differences include: aerial (United Kingdom) vs. antenna, biscuit (United Kingdom) vs. cookie/cracker, car park (United Kingdom) vs. parking lot, caravan (United Kingdom) vs. trailer, city centre (United Kingdom) vs. downtown, flat (United Kingdom) vs. apartment, fringe (United Kingdom) vs. bangs, and holiday (United Kingdom) vs. vacation. AmE sometimes favors words that are morphologically more complex, whereas BrE uses clipped forms, such as AmE transportation and BrE transport or where
8760-464: The erotic thriller Unfaithful (2002), which earned her Satellite , New York Film Critics Circle , and National Society of Film Critics awards for Best Actress. Her performance in the film garnered her Academy Award , Critics' Choice , Golden Globe , and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress. She acted in the romantic comedy-drama Under the Tuscan Sun (2003) which earned her
8880-535: The essence of the novels. It has been subsequently rated by audience polls and critics as the best of the movie franchise series. The film earned two Academy Award nominations for Best Visual Effects and Best Original Score for John Williams . In 2006, Cuarón's feature Children of Men , an adaptation of the P. D. James novel starring Clive Owen , Julianne Moore , and Michael Caine , received wide critical acclaim including three Academy Award nominations. Cuarón himself received two nominations for his work on
9000-540: The film, in Best Film Editing (with Alex Rodríguez ) and Best Adapted Screenplay (with several collaborators). He created the production and distribution company Esperanto Filmoj ("Esperanto Films", named because of his support for the international language Esperanto ), which has credits in the films Duck Season , Pan's Labyrinth , and Gravity . Cuarón also directed the controversial public service announcement I Am Autism (2009) for Autism Speaks that
9120-445: The film, notably its tendency to take more creative liberties with the source material than its predecessors. However, author J. K. Rowling , who had seen and loved Cuarón's film Y tu mamá también , said that it was her personal favorite from the series so far. Critically, the film was also better received than the first two installments, with some critics remarking its new tone and for being the first Harry Potter film to truly capture
9240-469: The first Latin American to win the award, while he and Mark Sanger received the award for Best Film Editing. In 2013, Cuarón created Believe , a science fiction/fantasy/adventure series that was broadcast as part of the 2013–14 United States network television schedule on NBC as a mid-season entry. The series was created by Cuarón for Bad Robot and Warner Bros. Television. In 2014, Time placed him in its list of " 100 Most Influential People in
9360-941: The first production of Runaways when it was off-Broadway , Lane took a decade-long hiatus from theatre. In 1989, Lane returned to the stage to play Olivia in Twelfth Night at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lane took another hiatus from theatre until 2012, when she starred opposite Finn Wittrock in Sweet Bird of Youth at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago (directed by David Cromer). Lane then returned to New York theatre and starred off-Broadway in Bathsheba Doran 's The Mystery of Love and Sex in 2015 (alongside Tony Shalhoub ) and in Broadway 's revival of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard in 2016 (alongside Joel Grey and Harold Perrineau ). Four days before
9480-510: The following two centuries) when this ethnic group eventually made up one-seventh of the colonial population. Scotch-Irish settlers spread from Delaware and Pennsylvania throughout the larger Mid-Atlantic region, the inland regions of both the South and North, and throughout the West: American dialect areas that were all uninfluenced by upper-class non-rhoticity and that consequently have remained consistently rhotic. While non-rhoticity spread on
9600-889: The hospital , BrE to hospital ; contrast, however, AmE actress Elizabeth Taylor , BrE the actress Elizabeth Taylor ). Often, these differences are a matter of relative preferences rather than absolute rules; and most are not stable since the two varieties are constantly influencing each other, and American English is not a standardized set of dialects. Differences in orthography are also minor. The main differences are that American English usually uses spellings such as flavor for British flavour , fiber for fibre , defense for defence , analyze for analyse , license for licence , catalog for catalogue and traveling for travelling . Noah Webster popularized such spellings in America, but he did not invent most of them. Rather, "he chose already existing options on such grounds as simplicity, analogy or etymology." Other differences are due to
9720-656: The influence of 18th-century Protestant Ulster Scots immigrants (known in the U.S. as the Scotch-Irish ) in Appalachia developing Appalachian English and the 20th-century Great Migration bringing African-American Vernacular English to the Great Lakes urban centers. Any phonologically unmarked North American accent falls under an umbrella known as General American. This section mostly refers to such General American features. Studies on historical usage of English in both
9840-438: The late 18th century onwards, but which has conversely lost prestige in the U.S. since at least the early 20th century. Non-rhoticity makes a word like car sound like cah or source like sauce . New York City and Southern accents are the most prominent regional accents of the country, as well as the most stigmatized and socially disfavored. Southern speech, strongest in southern Appalachia and certain areas of Texas,
9960-615: The lead role of Madame Lyubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya. In 2018, Lane starred in the Amazon original miniseries The Romanoffs , which premiered in October, and as Annette Shepherd in the final season of Netflix 's hit series House of Cards , which was released on the streaming service on November 2. These roles "seemingly "mark[ed] rare TV appearance[s] for Lane, who has primarily worked in film throughout her career." In 2019, she played one of Matthew McConaughey 's character's love interests in
10080-607: The making of the first reality television show, An American Family . Lane earned Emmy, Screen Actors Guild, Satellite, and Golden Globe award nominations for her portrayal of Pat Loud . In 2012, Lane was featured in the PBS documentary Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide (produced by Show of Force along with Fugitive Films), which showcased women and girls living under very difficult circumstances and bravely fighting to challenge them. Following
10200-427: The mid-nineteenth century onwards, so they "are now more different from each other than they were 50 or 100 years ago", while other accents, like of New York City and Boston, have remained stable in that same time-frame. However, a General American sound system also has some debated degree of influence nationwide, for example, gradually beginning to oust the regional accent in urban areas of the South and at least some in
10320-617: The most formal contexts, and regional accents with the most General American native features include North Midland, Western New England, and Western accents. Although no longer region-specific, African-American Vernacular English , which remains the native variety of most working- and middle-class African Americans , has a close relationship to Southern dialects and has greatly influenced everyday speech of many Americans, including hip hop culture . Hispanic and Latino Americans have also developed native-speaker varieties of English. The best-studied Latino Englishes are Chicano English , spoken in
10440-870: The most successful animated film in history). Lane met actor Christopher Lambert in Paris while promoting The Cotton Club in 1984. They had a brief affair and split up. They met again two years later in Rome to make a film together, entitled Priceless Beauty , and in two weeks they were a couple again. Lane and Lambert married in October 1988 in Santa Fe, New Mexico . They have a daughter, Eleanor. They divorced in March 1994. Lane became engaged to actor Josh Brolin in July 2003 and they were married on August 15, 2004. On December 20 of that year, she called police after an altercation with him, and he
10560-456: The most urgent performance of her career, is a revelation. The play of lust, romance, degradation, and guilt on her face is the film's real story." Following Unfaithful , Lane starred in Under the Tuscan Sun , a romantic comedy-drama based on the best-selling book by Frances Mayes for which Lane won a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . This
10680-545: The next three years, but they eventually reconciled. Lane's grandmother, Eleanor Scott, was a Pentecostal preacher of the Apostolic denomination, and Lane was influenced theatrically by the demonstrative quality of her grandmother's sermons. Lane began acting professionally at the age of six at the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club in New York, where she appeared in a production of Medea . When Lane
10800-402: The past forms of a few verbs (for example, AmE/BrE: learned / learnt , burned / burnt , snuck/sneaked , dove/dived ) although the purportedly "British" forms can occasionally be seen in American English writing as well; different prepositions and adverbs in certain contexts (for example, AmE in school, BrE at school ); and whether or not a definite article is used, in very few cases (AmE to
10920-465: The path they are heading towards a globalized economy and world. Cuarón also addresses Mexican history such as colonialism and the long unfulfilled promises of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Using the same film as an example the narrator states that a new political party is in power, but hints that no real change will come about. This is also supported with one of the main characters, Julio, sharing
11040-535: The plays she performed in include The Trojan Women , Electra , Bertolt Brecht 's The Good Woman of Szechuan , Federico García Lorca 's Blood Wedding , Paul Foster 's The Silver Queen , and Shakespeare's As You Like It . Most of these plays were directed and/or adapted by Andrei Șerban and Elizabeth Swados . From 1976 to 1977, Lane appeared in The Cherry Orchard and Agamemnon at New York's Vivian Beaumont Theater . After participating in
11160-505: The release of Man of Steel , Lane was tapped to play Hillary Clinton in an NBC miniseries, Hillary , which was supposed to "start with the Monica Lewinsky morning-after ... And then continue on until she was embarking on her [2008] presidential bid." Intense media backlash ultimately caused NBC to cancel the series. In 2015, Lane appeared in the drama Every Secret Thing (alongside Dakota Fanning and Elizabeth Banks ), had
11280-636: The role fell to Julia Roberts . She was given positive reviews for her performance in the independent film My New Gun , which was well received at the Cannes Film Festival . She went on to appear as actress Paulette Goddard in Sir Richard Attenborough 's big-budget biopic of Charles Chaplin , 1992's Chaplin . Over the next seven years Lane would star in ten movies, including Jack and Judge Dredd . It wasn't until 1999 that Lane earned further recognition for her role in A Walk on
11400-747: The role of Heather (Breezy) in Six Pack (1982) with Kenny Rogers . Lane starred as Corinne Burns, leader of a punk rock band in 1982's Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains , with Laura Dern and punk musicians Steve Jones and Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols , and Paul Simonon from the Clash . The film has become a cult classic. Lane's breakout performances came with back-to-back adaptations of novels by S. E. Hinton , adapted and directed by Francis Ford Coppola : The Outsiders and Rumble Fish , both in 1983. Both films featured memorable performances from
11520-492: The same time, Lane was featured on the cover of Time , which declared her one of Hollywood's "Whiz Kids". In the early 1980s, Lane made a successful transition from inexperienced actress to confirmed roles. She appeared as the teen-age lead in the tear-jerker Touched by Love , was cast as the young female outlaw Little Britches in the 1981 Lamont Johnson film, Cattle Annie and Little Britches , with Amanda Plummer in her own debut role as Cattle Annie . She played
11640-474: The socioeconomic state of the not only main characters, but also minor characters who otherwise seem irrelevant to the overall narrative. As mentioned above, the voice-over narration in Y Tu Mama Tambien contains political messages. In the aforementioned film Cuarón tackles Mexican identity and sovereignty. With the backdrop of the 1990s and the advent of NAFTA and neoliberalism in Mexico, Cuarón critiques Mexico for
11760-534: The success of Cinema Verite , Lane starred in Zack Snyder 's Superman film Man of Steel , playing Martha Kent . Snyder said of her casting, "We are thrilled to have Diane in the role because she can convey the wisdom and the wonder of a woman whose son has powers beyond her imagination." Lane reprised her role as Martha Kent in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Justice League (2017). Shortly after
11880-458: The thriller Serenity . She will also star in an untitled Reed Morano -directed film with Jeff Bridges (whom she previously worked with in Wild Bill ), in addition to starring in the series on FX based on the post-apocalyptic science fiction comic book series Y: The Last Man . Lane also co-starred with Kevin Costner in the 2020 thriller Let Him Go (a No.1 box office hit during
12000-570: The traditional standard accent of (southern) England, Received Pronunciation (RP), has evolved a trap–bath split . Moreover, American accents preserve /h/ at the start of syllables, while perhaps a majority of the regional dialects of England participate in /h/ dropping , particularly in informal contexts. However, General American is also innovative in a number of its own ways: The process of coining new lexical items started as soon as English-speaking British-American colonists began borrowing names for unfamiliar flora, fauna, and topography from
12120-417: The verb-and-preposition combination: stopover, lineup, tryout, spin-off, shootout , holdup, hideout, comeback, makeover , and many more. Some prepositional and phrasal verbs are in fact of American origin ( win out, hold up, back up/off/down/out, face up to and many others). Noun endings such as -ee (retiree), -ery (bakery), -ster (gangster) and -cian (beautician) are also particularly productive in
12240-468: The winter of 2015, starring with Tony Shalhoub in the off-Broadway original production of Bathsheba Doran's The Mystery of Love and Sex . In 2016, nearly four decades after she first appeared on Broadway, Lane starred in a play in which she previously performed: Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard (1977). While Lane played a child peasant (with no lines) in Broadway's 1977 run of the play, this time she played
12360-772: The word corn , used in England to refer to wheat (or any cereal), came to denote the maize plant, the most important crop in the U.S. Most Mexican Spanish contributions came after the War of 1812 , with the opening of the West, like ranch (now a common house style ). Due to Mexican culinary influence, many Spanish words are incorporated in general use when talking about certain popular dishes: cilantro (instead of coriander), queso, tacos, quesadillas, enchiladas, tostadas, fajitas, burritos, and guacamole. These words usually lack an English equivalent and are found in popular restaurants. New forms of dwelling created new terms ( lot , waterfront) and types of homes like log cabin , adobe in
12480-609: The world. Any American or Canadian accent perceived as lacking noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is known in linguistics as General American ; it covers a fairly uniform accent continuum native to certain regions of the U.S. but especially associated with broadcast mass media and highly educated speech. However, historical and present linguistic evidence does not support the notion of there being one single mainstream American accent . The sound of American English continues to evolve, with some local accents disappearing, but several larger regional accents having emerged in
12600-612: Was 12 years old, she had a role in Joseph Papp 's production of The Cherry Orchard with Meryl Streep and Irene Worth . At this time, Lane was enrolled in an accelerated program at Hunter College High School ; however, her grades suffered from her busy schedule. When Lane was 13, she turned down a role in Runaways on Broadway to make her feature-film debut opposite Laurence Olivier in A Little Romance . Lane won high praise from Olivier, who declared her "the new Grace Kelly ". At
12720-451: Was a nightclub singer and Playboy centerfold (Miss October 1957), who was also known as "Colleen Price". Her father, Burton Eugene Lane, was a Manhattan drama coach who ran an acting workshop with John Cassavetes , worked as a cab driver, and later taught humanities at City College . When Lane was 13 days old, her parents separated. Lane's mother went to Mexico and obtained a divorce while retaining custody of Lane until she
12840-566: Was a big hit in Mexico. After this success, director Sydney Pollack hired Cuarón to direct an episode of Fallen Angels , a series of neo-noir stories produced for the Showtime premium cable network in 1993; other directors who worked on the series included Steven Soderbergh , Jonathan Kaplan , Peter Bogdanovich , and Tom Hanks . The episode was entitled, "Murder, Obliquely" (1993) starring Laura Dern , Alan Rickman , and Diane Lane . In 1995, Cuarón released his first feature film produced in
12960-531: Was also a literary adaptation, a modernized version of Charles Dickens 's Great Expectations starring Ethan Hawke , Gwyneth Paltrow , and Robert De Niro . The film received mixed reviews to negative reviews. Russell Smith of The Austin Chronicle did however praise the film writing, ". What's truly intriguing about this film, though, is the stylishness with which Cuaron (A Little Princess) reinvents Dickens' hoary, often-remade tale. This Great Expectations has
13080-480: Was arrested on a misdemeanor charge of domestic battery. Lane declined to press charges, however, and the couple's spokesperson described the incident as a "misunderstanding". Lane and Brolin filed for divorce in February 2013. Their divorce was finalized on December 2, 2013. Lane is also involved in several charities, including Heifer International , which focuses on world hunger, Artists for Peace and Justice ,
13200-596: Was born in Mexico City , the son of Alfredo Cuarón, a doctor specializing in nuclear medicine, and Cristina Orozco, a pharmaceutical biochemist. He has a sister Christina, and two brothers; Carlos , also a filmmaker, and Alfredo, a conservation biologist. Cuarón studied philosophy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and filmmaking at the Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos ,
13320-449: Was criticized by disability rights groups for its negative portrayal of autism. In 2010, Cuarón began to develop the film Gravity , a drama set in space. He was joined by producer David Heyman , with whom Cuarón worked on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban . Starring Sandra Bullock and George Clooney , the film opened the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August. The film
13440-586: Was followed by lead roles in Fierce People , Must Love Dogs , and Hollywoodland . In 2008, Lane reunited with Richard Gere for the romantic drama Nights in Rodanthe . It is the third film Gere and Lane filmed together, and is based on the novel of the same title by Nicholas Sparks . Lane also co-starred in Jumper and Untraceable in the same year. She then appeared in Killshot with Mickey Rourke, which
13560-414: Was given a limited theatrical release before being released on DVD in 2009. While promoting Nights in Rodanthe , she expressed frustration with being typecast and stated that she was "gunning for something that's not so sympathetic. I need to be a bitch, and I need to be in a comedy. I've decided. No more Miss Nice Guy." Lane had even contemplated quitting acting and spending more time with her family if she
13680-422: Was influenced by disaster and science fiction movie conventions. The Prisoner of Azkaban was a continuation of Cuarón's take on the coming-of-age genre after Y, Tu Mama Tambien . That film is in the form of an American road movie, along with teen movie elements. Voice-over narration adds to those genres a documentary feel. The narration, interjected by a non-diagetic voice not belonging to any character, highlights
13800-569: Was interested in making a film about actress Jean Seberg in which she would play Seberg. In 2000, Lane had supporting roles as Mark Wahlberg 's love interest in The Perfect Storm and Frankie Muniz 's talkative mother in My Dog Skip . In 2001, she starred in the psychological thriller The Glass House and the baseball movie Hardball . In 2002, she starred in Unfaithful , an erotic thriller directed by Adrian Lyne and adapted from
13920-668: Was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie . Lane earned further recognition for her role in A Walk on the Moon (1999), for which she was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead . This was followed by several film roles of varying degrees of success such as My Dog Skip , The Perfect Storm (both 2000), The Glass House , and Hardball (both 2001). Lane received critical acclaim for her performance as an adulterous wife in
14040-436: Was reckless behavior that comes from having too much independence too young." She returned to New York and moved in with a friend's family, paying them rent. In 1981, she enrolled in high school after taking correspondence courses. However, Lane's mother kidnapped her and took her back to Georgia. Lane and her father challenged her mother in court, and six weeks later, she was back in New York. Lane did not speak to her mother for
14160-465: Was six years old. Lane's father received custody of her after Lane's mother moved to the state of Georgia . Lane and her father lived in a number of residential hotels in New York City and she rode with him in his taxi. When Lane was 15, she declared her independence from her father and flew to Los Angeles for a week with actor and friend Christopher Atkins with whom she starred in the 1981 film Child Bride of Short Creek . Lane later remarked, "It
14280-425: Was then released in America in October 2013. The film became a financial success, earning 723.2 million at the box office against a budget of 130 million. The film also received many awards nominations. For the film, he received the Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Director . The film received ten Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director . Cuarón won for Best Directing, becoming
14400-469: Was written by Noah Webster in 1828, codifying several of these spellings. Differences in grammar are relatively minor, and do not normally affect mutual intelligibility; these include: typically a lack of differentiation between adjectives and adverbs, employing the equivalent adjectives as adverbs he ran quick / he ran quickly ; different use of some auxiliary verbs ; formal (rather than notional) agreement with collective nouns ; different preferences for
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