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72-569: The Alcovy River rises in eastern Gwinnett County , 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Lawrenceville , and flows generally south through Walton , Newton and Jasper counties. It defines portions of the boundary between Newton and Jasper counties. It joins the Yellow River and South River to form the Ocmulgee River at Lake Jackson , a reservoir formed by a dam on the Ocmulgee. North of I-20 ,

144-469: A white flight out of the county. In 2018, Stacey Abrams became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in a gubernatorial election since 1986 when Joe Frank Harris swept every county statewide. The Democratic trend became even more apparent in 2020, when Joe Biden won the county by 18.2 points, the best showing for a non-Georgian Democrat since Kennedy's 73.50%. Raphael Warnock earned 62.8% of

216-545: A county administrator who oversees daily operations of the county's twelve executive departments. Gwinnett County has a police department that operates under the authority of the Board of Commissioners. Some of the local Gwinnett city budgets have recently come under increasing scrutiny of the General Funds allocated to police services. Cities such as Duluth have allocated as much as forty percent of their city budgets, reaching some of

288-651: A decision which still stands. In 1861, all three of Gwinnett County's representatives at the Georgia Constitutional Convention (1861) in Milledgeville voted against secession. Towards the end of the war, Union troops foraged in Gwinnett County as part of the Atlanta Campaign . The Freedmen's Bureau was active in Gwinnett County during Reconstruction . In 1871, the courthouse in Lawrenceville

360-601: A march toward Dallas . Johnston anticipated Sherman's move and met the Union forces at New Hope Church . Sherman mistakenly surmised that Johnston had a token force and ordered Hooker's XX Corps to attack. This corps was severely mauled. On May 26, both sides entrenched. Sherman's army tested the Confederate line. On May 28, Hardee's corps probed the Union defensive line, held by Logan's XV Corps, to exploit any weakness or possible withdrawal. Fighting ensued at two different points, but

432-481: A more able commander than Johnston, especially on the attack, as seen at Gettysburg, but the Army of Tennessee was short on men, talent, and luck. Sherman had been frustrated by Johnston's defensive tactics and was reportedly pleased with the change as the aggressive Hood was more willing to do open battle, thus giving Sherman opportunities to use his superior numbers and firepower to destroy Confederate forces. After crossing

504-413: A much higher Confederate proportional loss. Hood's army left the area with approximately 30,000 men, whereas Sherman retained 81,000. Sherman's victory was qualified because it did not fulfill the original mission of the campaign—destroy the Army of Tennessee—and Sherman has been criticized for allowing his opponent to escape. However, the capture of Atlanta made an enormous contribution to Union morale and

576-553: A single Corps, and took the rest of the army to chase down Hood in the Franklin–Nashville campaign . Despite the divulging of Hood's plans, Hood was able to seize the initiative, briefly drawing Sherman north from Atlanta. The chase lasted through November, before Sherman returned the army to Atlanta to prepare for the March to the Sea. Despite Hood and Sherman's armies being the main forces in

648-507: Is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia . It forms part of the Atlanta metropolitan area , being located about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Atlanta city limits. In 2020 , the population was 957,062, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia (after Fulton County ). Its county seat is Lawrenceville . The county is named for Button Gwinnett , one of

720-450: The Army of Tennessee was commanded first by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston , who was relieved of his command in mid-campaign and replaced by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood . The four corps in the 50,000-man army were commanded by: Johnston was a conservative general with a reputation for withdrawing his army before serious contact would result; this was certainly his pattern against George B. McClellan in

792-556: The Atlanta & West Point Railroad that evening, tearing up a small area of tracks. Next, he headed for Lovejoy's Station on the Macon & Western Railroad. In transit, on August 19, Kilpatrick's men hit the Jonesborough supply depot on the Macon & Western Railroad, burning great amounts of supplies. On August 20, they reached Lovejoy's Station and began their destruction. Confederate infantry ( Patrick Cleburne 's Division) appeared and

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864-582: The Battle of Brown's Mill and the other force also repulsed and its commander, Maj. Gen. George Stoneman , taken prisoner. After failing to envelop Hood's left flank at Ezra Church, Sherman still wanted to extend his right flank to hit the railroad between East Point and Atlanta. He transferred Schofield's Army of the Ohio from his left to his right flank and sent him to the north bank of Utoy Creek. Although Schofield's troops were at Utoy Creek on August 2, they, along with

936-656: The Battles for Chattanooga in November 1863; Chattanooga was known as the "Gateway to the South", and its capture opened that gateway. After Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to general-in-chief of all Union armies, he left his favorite subordinate from his time in command of the Western Theater, William T. Sherman , in charge of the Western armies. Grant's strategy was to apply pressure against

1008-565: The Confederacy in several coordinated offensives. While he, George G. Meade , Benjamin Butler , Franz Sigel , George Crook , and William W. Averell advanced in Virginia against Robert E. Lee , and Nathaniel Banks attempted to capture Mobile, Alabama , Sherman was assigned the mission of defeating Johnston's army, capturing Atlanta, and striking through Georgia and the Confederate heartland. At

1080-687: The NHL Nashville Predators and the MLB Atlanta Braves play home games and talent scout in the area. In 2016, the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League relocated from Minnesota and began playing games at Infinite Energy Arena . The team won the league championship in 2017. Georgia Force of Arena Football League had also played at Arena at Gwinnett Center before the team folded in 2012. Gwinnett also hosts

1152-465: The Peninsula Campaign of 1862. But in Georgia, he faced the much more aggressive Sherman. Johnston's army repeatedly took up strongly entrenched defensive positions in the campaign. Sherman prudently avoided suicidal frontal assaults against most of these positions, instead maneuvering in flanking marches around the defenses as he advanced from Chattanooga towards Atlanta. Whenever Sherman flanked

1224-673: The Alcovy River becomes a lowland swamp for about 4 miles (6 km) before resuming the nature of a Piedmont stream. The lowland area contains an ecological rarity: the tupelo gum tree. Largemouth bass , crappie , red breast , bluegill , and channel catfish inhabit the Alcovy. This article related to a river in the US state of Georgia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gwinnett County, Georgia Gwinnett County ( / ɡ w ɪ ˈ n ɛ t / gwih- NEHT )

1296-604: The American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee , beginning in May 1864, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston . Johnston's Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman's group of armies. In July,

1368-677: The Burnt Hickory Road, but attacking an enemy that was dug in was futile. The fighting ended by noon, and Sherman suffered heavy casualties, about 3,000, compared with 1,000 for the Confederates. Johnston fell back toward Smyrna on July 3 and by July 4 to a defensive line along the west bank of the Chattahoochee River that became known as Johnston's River Line . Johnston put the Chattahoochee River between his army and Sherman's. General Howard's IV corps advanced on Pace's Ferry on

1440-647: The Chattahoochee, Sherman split his army into three columns for the assault on Atlanta with Thomas' Army of the Cumberland, on the left, moving from the north. Schofield and McPherson had drawn away to the east, leaving Thomas on his own. Johnston decided to attack Thomas as he crossed the creek, but Confederate President Jefferson Davis relieved him of command and appointed Hood to take his place. Hood adopted Johnston's plan and attacked Thomas after his army crossed Peachtree Creek. The determined assault threatened to overrun

1512-518: The Confederate lines around Resaca to pinpoint their whereabouts. Full scale fighting occurred on May 14, and the Union troops were generally repulsed except on Johnston's right flank, where Sherman did not fully exploit his advantage. On May 15, the battle continued with no advantage to either side until Sherman sent a force across the Oostanaula River at Lay's Ferry, towards Johnston's railroad supply line. Unable to halt this Union movement, Johnston

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1584-427: The Confederate lines, causing some Confederate withdrawal to new positions. On June 14, Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk was killed by an artillery shell while scouting enemy positions with Hardee and Johnston and was temporarily replaced by Maj. Gen. William W. Loring . On June 18–19, Johnston, fearing envelopment, moved his army to a new, previously selected position astride Kennesaw Mountain , an entrenched arc-shaped line to

1656-513: The Confederate president, Jefferson Davis , replaced Johnston with the more aggressive General John Bell Hood , who began challenging the Union Army in a series of costly frontal assaults. Hood's army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, setting the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea and hastening the end of the war. The Atlanta campaign followed the Union victory in

1728-400: The Confederates were repulsed, suffering high casualties. Sherman continued looking for a way around Johnston's line, and on June 1, his cavalry occupied Allatoona Pass, which had a railroad and would allow his men and supplies to reach him by train. Sherman abandoned his lines at Dallas on June 5 and moved toward the railhead at Allatoona Pass, forcing Johnston to follow soon afterward. After

1800-643: The Gwinnett Lions Rugby Football Club, a Division 3 Men's Rugby Team competing in the Georgia Rugby Union . The county maintains a regional airport under the name Gwinnett County Airport , formerly Briscoe Field. The closest major airport serving the region is Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport . In 2015, Peachtree Corners conducted a Livable Centers Initiative (LCI) survey which indicated public desire for more multi-use trails. Beginning in 2016, Peachtree Corners has been in

1872-407: The US that has demographically changed the most rapidly. As recently as 1990 , over 90% of Gwinnett County's population was white . By 2007, the county was considered majority-minority county. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 957,062 people, 301,471 households, and 230,960 families residing in the county. In 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $ 63,219 and

1944-459: The Union defeat at New Hope Church, Sherman ordered Howard to attack Johnston's seemingly exposed right flank. The Confederates were ready for the attack, which did not unfold as planned because supporting troops never appeared. The Confederates repulsed the attack, causing high casualties. When Sherman first found Johnston entrenched in the Marietta area on June 9, he began extending his lines beyond

2016-420: The Union force at Ezra Church. Howard had anticipated such a thrust, entrenched one of his corps in the Confederates' path, and repulsed the determined attack, inflicting numerous casualties. Howard, however, failed to cut the railroad. Concurrent attempts by two columns of Union cavalry to cut the railroads south of Atlanta ended in failure, with one division under Maj. Gen. Edward M. McCook completely smashed at

2088-551: The Union garrison retired to fortifications on a hill outside the town where they successfully held out, although the attack continued until after midnight. Around 5 a.m. on August 15, Wheeler retired and became engaged with relieving infantry and cavalry under Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman 's command. Eventually, Wheeler withdrew. While Wheeler was absent raiding Union supply lines from North Georgia to East Tennessee , Sherman sent cavalry Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick to raid Confederate supply lines. Leaving on August 18, Kilpatrick hit

2160-452: The Union troops at various locations, but eventually the Union held, and the Confederates fell back. The advance of McPherson from the east side of Atlanta distracted Hood from his offensive and drew off Confederate troops that might have joined the attack on Thomas. Hood was determined to attack McPherson's Army of the Tennessee. He withdrew his main army at night from Atlanta's outer line to

2232-436: The Union troops, not realizing Sherman's army was there in force. On August 31, Hardee attacked two Union corps west of Jonesborough but was easily repulsed. Fearing an attack on Atlanta, Hood withdrew one corps from Hardee's force that night. The next day, a Union corps broke through Hardee's line, and his troops retreated to Lovejoy's Station. Sherman had cut Hood's supply line but he had failed to destroy Hardee's command. On

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2304-551: The XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, did not cross until August 4. Schofield's force began its movement to exploit this situation on the morning of August 5, which was initially successful. Schofield then had to regroup his forces, which took the rest of the day. The delay allowed the Confederates to strengthen their defenses with abatis , which slowed the Union attack when it restarted on the morning of August 6. The Federals were repulsed with heavy losses and failed in an attempt to break

2376-579: The approach of darkness. Sherman then concentrated his men in the Adairsville area to attack Johnston the next day. Johnston had originally expected to find a valley at Adairsville of suitable width to deploy his men and anchor his line with the flanks on hills, but the valley was too wide, so Johnston disengaged and withdrew. After Johnston retreated to Allatoona Pass from May 19 to 20, Sherman decided that attacking Johnston there would be too costly, so he determined to move around Johnston's left flank and steal

2448-668: The complete reduction and occupation of Atlanta will occupy the place and the country near it until a new campaign is planned in concert with the other grand armies of the United States." Sherman was victorious, and Hood established a reputation as the most recklessly aggressive general in the Confederate Army. Casualties for the campaign were roughly equal in absolute numbers: 31,687 Union (4,423 killed, 22,822 wounded, 4,442 missing/captured) and 34,979 Confederate (3,044 killed, 18,952 wounded, 12,983 missing/captured). But this represented

2520-655: The county to the northwest is a part of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area chain. Allocation of water from the regional reservoir , Lake Lanier , at the extreme north of the county, has been subject to the Tri-state water dispute . The southern and central portions of Gwinnett County are located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. Most of

2592-599: The county's northern edge, from south of Peachtree Corners to north of Buford , is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The county's eastern edge, north and south of Dacula , is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin. Gwinnett County is often cited as one of the counties in

2664-463: The county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal law, or state or federal Constitutions. Gwinnett County, Georgia is governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners, which exercises both legislative and executive authority within the county. The Chair of the Board is elected county-wide and serves full-time. The four other commissioners are elected from single-member districts and serve part-time positions. The board hires

2736-403: The county. The department also runs recreational and educational programs. The parks system has won many awards such as the gold medal in 2008 from American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration and National Recreation and Park Association. They were also finalists in 1999, 2006, and 2014. The system has also been cited to use STEM by NRPA . Gwinnett County Public Schools operates

2808-490: The defensive lines (almost exclusively around Johnston's left flank), Johnston would retreat to another prepared position. Both armies took advantage of the railroads as supply lines, with Johnston shortening his supply lines as he drew closer to Atlanta, and Sherman lengthening his own. Confederate Army Command Changed Johnston had entrenched his army on the long, high mountain of Rocky Face Ridge and eastward across Crow Valley. Sherman had earlier decided to demonstrate against

2880-399: The east and north and had not been able to break through, so Sherman decided to attack from the west. He ordered Howard's Army of the Tennessee to move from the left wing to the right and cut Hood's last railroad supply line between East Point and Atlanta. Hood foresaw such a maneuver and sent the two corps of Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee and Lt. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart to intercept and destroy

2952-702: The enemy at Buzzard Roost (Mill Creek Gap) and at Dug Gap drawing away their attention. In the meantime, the third column, under McPherson, passed unnoticed through Snake Creek Gap and on May 9 advanced to the outskirts of Resaca, where it found a small Confederate force entrenched. Fearing defeat, McPherson pulled his column back to Snake Creek Gap, which Sherman's orders gave him authority to do. On May 10, Sherman decided to take most of his men and join McPherson to take Resaca. The next morning, as he discovered Sherman's army withdrawing from their positions in front of Rocky Face Ridge, Johnston retired south towards Resaca. So began

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3024-550: The fighting. Determined attacks continued, but the Union forces held. About 4 p.m., Cheatham's corps broke through the Union front, but massed artillery near Sherman's headquarters halted the Confederate assault. Logan's XV Corps then led a counterattack that restored the Union line. The Union troops held, and Hood suffered high casualties. Despite being called the Battle of Atlanta, the city itself would not fall until September. Sherman's forces had previously approached Atlanta from

3096-428: The first of a long series of flanking maneuvers by Sherman against Johnston; Sherman became so good at the tactic that his men boasted that Sherman "could flank the devil out of hell, if necessary." Johnston would be flanked out of every position he held until eventually relieved of command. The opportunity to destroy or disorganize the Confederates in the campaign's first battle, however, was missed. Union troops tested

3168-667: The highest levels in the nation. Solutions to high spending being discussed include additional “investment in mental health, housing, youth development and living wages would stabilize communities and prove more effective than policing.” In addition to the Board of Commissioners, county residents also elect persons to the following positions: Sheriff, District Attorney, Probate Court Judge, Clerk of State/Superior Court, Tax Commissioner, State Court Solicitor, Chief Magistrate Judge (who appoints other Magistrate Court judges), Chief Superior Court Judge and Superior Court Judges, and Chief State Court Judge and State Court Judges. Gwinnett County has

3240-401: The inner line, enticing Sherman to follow. In the meantime, he sent William J. Hardee with his corps on a fifteen-mile (24 km) march to hit the unprotected Union left and rear, east of the city. Wheeler's cavalry was to operate farther out on Sherman's supply line, and Cheatham's corps was to attack the Union front. Hood, however, miscalculated the time necessary to make the march, and Hardee

3312-428: The largest public school system in the state of Georgia. Members of the Board of Education are elected from special election districts in the county. For most of the time from 1964 to 2012, the county was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. The only Democrat to carry the county in this period was former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who carried Gwinnett County during his sweep of every county in

3384-423: The median income for a family was $ 70,767. Males had a median income of $ 48,671 versus $ 39,540 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 26,901. About 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. Under Georgia's "home rule" provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within

3456-457: The night of September 1, Hood evacuated Atlanta and ordered that the 81 rail cars filled with ammunition and other military supplies be destroyed. The resulting fire and explosions were heard for miles. Union troops under the command of Gen. Henry W. Slocum occupied Atlanta on September 2. On September 4, General Sherman issued Special Field Order #64 . General Sherman announced to his troops that "The army having accomplished its undertaking in

3528-453: The past by sending out detachments of cavalry, but the Confederates quickly repaired the damage. He therefore decided to move six of his seven infantry corps against the supply lines. The army began pulling out of its positions on August 25 to hit the Macon & Western Railroad between Rough and Ready and Jonesborough . To counter the move, Hood sent Hardee with two corps to halt and possibly rout

3600-525: The process of constructing 11.5 miles of multi-use trails within the city limits. In 2016, Suwanee unveiled the first Bike Share program in Gwinnett County. 33°58′N 84°02′W  /  33.96°N 84.03°W  / 33.96; -84.03 Atlanta Campaign Military Division of the Mississippi : The Atlanta campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of

3672-646: The public schools for residents in Gwinnett County, with the exception of residents inside the Buford city limits, which are served by the Buford City School District . There are 143 schools in the district—21 high schools, 29 middle schools, 80 elementary schools and 13 specialty schools, making it the largest school district in Georgia. There is a charter school in Peachtree Corners, International Charter Academy of Georgia . Minor-league affiliates of

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3744-407: The raiders were forced to fight into the night, finally fleeing to prevent encirclement. Although Kilpatrick had destroyed supplies and track at Lovejoy's Station, the railroad line was back in operation in two days. In late August, Sherman determined that if he could cut Hood's railroad supply lines, the Confederates would have to evacuate Atlanta. Sherman had successfully cut Hood's supply lines in

3816-482: The railroad. Johnston countered by moving Hood's corps from the left flank to the right on June 22. Arriving in his new position at Mt. Zion Church, Hood decided on his own to attack. Warned of Hood's intentions, Union generals John Schofield and Joseph Hooker entrenched. Union artillery and swampy terrain thwarted Hood's attack and forced him to withdraw with heavy casualties. Although he was the victor, Sherman's attempts at envelopment had momentarily failed. This battle

3888-420: The railroad. On August 7, the Union troops moved toward the Confederate main line and entrenched. They remained there until late August. Wheeler and his cavalry raided into North Georgia to destroy railroad tracks and supplies. They approached Dalton in the late afternoon of August 14 and demanded the surrender of the garrison. The Union commander refused to surrender and fighting ensued. Greatly outnumbered,

3960-453: The river, advancing closer to Atlanta. Johnston abandoned the River Line and retired south of Peachtree Creek, about three miles (4.8 km) north of Atlanta. Due to public pressure, Confederate President Jefferson Davis had become increasingly irate at Johnston giving ground. Finally, on July 17, Davis stripped Johnston of command and replaced him with John Bell Hood. Hood may have seemed

4032-499: The river. The Confederate pontoon bridge there was defended by dismounted cavalry. They were driven away by BG Thomas J. Wood 's division of IV Corps. The bridge, although damaged, was captured. Howard decided not to force a crossing against increased Confederate opposition. When federal pontoons arrived on July 8, Howard crossed the river and outflanked the Pace's Ferry defenders. This forced them to withdraw; and this permitted Sherman to cross

4104-509: The signatories of the Declaration of Independence . Gwinnett County is the most ethnically-diverse county in Georgia, with significant populations of Black , Hispanic , and Asian residents. As of the 2020 Census , no ethnicity constitutes more than a third of its population. In 1813, Fort Daniel was created during the War of 1812 in territory that would become Gwinnett County. The county

4176-435: The start of the campaign, Sherman's Military Division of the Mississippi consisted of three armies: On paper at the beginning of the campaign, Sherman outnumbered Johnston 98,500 to 50,000, but his ranks were initially depleted by many furloughed soldiers, and Johnston received 15,000 reinforcements from Alabama . However, by June, a steady stream of reinforcements brought Sherman's strength to 112,000. Opposing Sherman,

4248-523: The state. However, the Republican edge narrowed, and then eventually was eliminated, in the 2010s as the county, as well as the rest of the Atlanta metro area, became larger and more diverse. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in 40 years and the first non-Georgian Democrat to do so since John F. Kennedy in 1960, doing so by 5.9 points. This was due to changing demographics, with white college educated voters, as well as

4320-431: The strong Confederate position with the bulk of his force while he sent a smaller portion through Snake Creek Gap, to the right, to hit the Western & Atlantic Railroad at Resaca, Georgia . With sufficient men, the Union Army could cut off the Confederate lines of communication to the south and force Johnston to attack them or disperse his army traveling through the rough terrain to the east. The larger Union force engaged

4392-773: The vote here in the 2022 Senate runoff election , substantially improving upon Biden's result. Gwinnett County is one of six "reverse pivot counties", counties that voted Republican in 2008 and 2012, and voted Democratic in 2016 and 2020. The county's main newspaper is the Gwinnett Daily Post . The Spanish language newspaper El Nuevo Georgia has its headquarters in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross. Telemundo Atlanta and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are both based in Gwinnett. Gwinnett County Parks and Recreation operates and maintains parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, golf courses and recreation centers in

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4464-448: The war ) and Sherman felt their presence would be an obstacle. So, on September 14 Sherman issued Special Field Orders No. 67 , which demanded the evacuation of the civilian population. Hood, though he had been unable to hold Atlanta, now planned a counter-action. But the details were divulged in a speech given by Confederate President Davis, which provided Sherman a clear view of Hood's strategy. Sherman left Atlanta garrisoned with only

4536-440: The west of Marietta, to protect his supply line, the Western & Atlantic Railroad. Sherman made some unsuccessful attacks on this position but eventually extended the line on his right and forced Johnston to withdraw from the Marietta area on July 2–3. Having encountered entrenched Confederates astride Kennesaw Mountain stretching southward, Sherman fixed them in front and extended his right wing to envelop their flank and menace

4608-471: The western theater, they would not meet again, and Hood's army would be effectively destroyed by George Henry Thomas instead. Sherman's Army returned to Atlanta on November 12, spending just a few days to destroy anything of military value, including the railroads. Sherman's move was to be an evolution in warfare: without railroads for supply, the Army would have to live off the land. The Army withdrew from Atlanta on November 15, and so began Sherman's March to

4680-447: Was a notable exception to Sherman's policy in the campaign of avoiding frontal assaults and moving around the enemy's left flank. Sherman was sure that Johnston had stretched his line on Kennesaw Mountain too thin and decided on a frontal attack with some diversions on the flanks. On the morning of June 27, Sherman sent his troops forward after an artillery bombardment. At first, they made some headway overrunning Confederate pickets south of

4752-421: Was an important factor in the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln . Sherman realized that garrisoning Atlanta long-term would be a waste of troops, and that eventually the city would need to be abandoned. But first the army needed to be replenished, and so Sherman occupied Atlanta for the time being. Though the city was already mostly empty, about 1,600 civilians remained (compared to about 10,000 before

4824-668: Was burned by the Ku Klux Klan in an attempt to avoid prosecution for their crimes, which included the shooting of a Black election manager in Norcross . Early in the county's history, gold mining was a minor industry. The Gwinnett Manufacturing Company, a cotton textile factory, operated in Lawrenceville in the 1850s through 1865, when it burned. The Bona Allen Company in Buford, Georgia produced saddles, harnesses and other leather goods from 1873 to 1981. The northeastern part of Gwinnett County

4896-524: Was created in 1818 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly , Gwinnett County was formed from parts of Jackson County (formerly part of Franklin County ) and from lands gained through the cession of Creek Indian lands. Named for Button Gwinnett , one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence , the first county election was held at the home of Elisha Winn, and the first Superior Court

4968-469: Was forced to retire. Johnston's army retreated southward while Sherman pursued. Failing to find a good defensive position south of Calhoun , Johnston continued to Adairsville while the Confederate cavalry fought a skillful rearguard action. On May 17, Howard's IV Corps ran into entrenched infantry of Hardee's corps, while advancing about two miles (3.2 km) north of Adairsville. Three Union divisions prepared for battle, but Thomas halted them because of

5040-651: Was held in his barn. The county seat was later placed at Lawrenceville. In 1831, a group of white men were tried and found guilty in Lawrenceville for violating Georgia law by living in the Cherokee Nation without a valid passport from the Governor. Two of the men appealed to the US Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia , which resulted in a ruling stating that only the federal government had jurisdiction over native lands,

5112-477: Was removed in 1914 to form a part of the new Barrow County . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 437 square miles (1,130 km ), of which 430 square miles (1,100 km ) is land and 6.4 square miles (17 km ) (1.5%) is water. The county is located in the upper Piedmont region of the state. It is located along the Eastern Continental Divide . A portion of

5184-455: Was unable to attack until afternoon. Although Hood had outmaneuvered Sherman for the time being, McPherson was concerned about his left flank and sent his reserves—Dodge's XVI Corps—to that location. Two of Hood's divisions ran into this reserve force and were repulsed. The Confederate attack stalled on the Union rear but began to roll up the left flank. Around the same time, a Confederate soldier shot and killed McPherson when he rode out to observe

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