45-668: The Albert Ball Memorial Homes were erected in 1922 in Lenton, Nottingham . Alderman Albert Ball commissioned the building of the Albert Ball Memorial Homes in Lenton to house the families of local servicemen killed in action, in memory of his son, Albert Ball , a fighter pilot who had been killed in World War I. Opened on 7 September 1922, the homes featured some unusual design elements. The building, containing eight residences,
90-592: A category of their specific craft. Knitted lace, therefore, is an example of knitting. This article considers both needle lace and bobbin lace. While some experts say both needle lace and bobbin lace began in Italy in the late 1500s, there are some questions regarding its origins. Originally linen , silk , gold , or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with cotton thread, although linen and silk threads are still available. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber . A few modern artists make lace with
135-613: A fine copper or silver wire instead of thread. The word lace is from Middle English , from Old French las , noose, string, from Vulgar Latin * laceum , from Latin laqueus , noose; probably akin to lacere , to entice or ensnare. The Latin word from which "lace" is derived means "noose," and a noose describes an open space outlined with rope or thread. This description applies to many types of open fabric resulting from "looping, plaiting, twisting, or knotting...threads...by hand or machine." There are many types of lace, classified by how they are made. These include: The origin of lace
180-461: A prayer meeting held on Friday mornings. Fresh meals are available for a small charge. The centre has a library, an organ, music system, TV and video facilities. The building is wheelchair accessible. This building was formerly part of the Raleigh bicycle company 's development in Lenton, now largely demolished to make way for a new University of Nottingham campus. For much of the twentieth century, it
225-451: A trip to the region in 1789. Machines to make lace began to be smuggled into the country in the early 1800s, as England did not permit these machines to be exported. The first lacemaking factory opened in Medway, Massachusetts in 1818. Ipswich had its own in 1824. The women there moved from making bobbin lace to decorating the machine-made net lace with darning and tambour stitches, creating what
270-475: Is disputed by historians. An Italian claim is a will of 1493 by the Milanese Sforza family. A Flemish claim is lace on the alb of a worshiping priest in a painting about 1485 by Hans Memling . But since lace evolved from other techniques, it is impossible to say that it originated in any one place. The fragility of lace also means that few exceedingly old specimens are extant. Lace was used by clergy of
315-518: Is famous for its large music hall, the Ballroom, which has a capacity of around 1000. Events include clubnights run by students from the universities, including Firefly, Detonate, Misst, and also specialises in live acts, it also houses the legendary C.P.H sound system. The Marcus Garvey Day Care Centre also hosts day care facilities for African Caribbean elders, with a wide range of activities including bingo, raffle, needlework, dominoes, arts and crafts and
360-461: Is known as Limerick lace . Lace was still much in demand in the 19th century. Lace trimmings on dresses, at seams, pockets, and collars were very popular. The lace being made in the United States was based on European patterns. By the turn of the 20th century, needlework and other magazines included lace patterns of a range of types. In North America in the 19th century, missionaries spread
405-478: Is largely a residential area and is popular with students at the nearby University of Nottingham who choose to live off-campus. Indeed, the high proportion of students has led some local residents in recent years to campaign against what they perceive as the studentification of the area. The Marcus Garvey Ballroom is a local West Indian community centre managed by West Indian Cavaliers, and located on Lenton Boulevard. Named after Marcus Mosiah Garvey , this venue
450-651: Is why he became the Patron Saint of lace making. Lace was made in Ireland from the 1730s onwards with several different lace-making schools founded across the country. Many regions acquired a name for high-quality work and others developed a distinctive style. Lace proved to be an important means of income for many poorer women. Several important schools of lace included: Carrickmacross lace, Kenmare lace, Limerick lace and Youghal lace. Some patron saints of lace include: The earliest portraits showing lace are those of
495-493: The Punto in Aria of linen threads made with a needle, or gold and silver threads." In 1595, Morosina Morosini , another doge's wife, founded a lace workshop for 130 women. In the early 1500s, the production of lace became a paid activity, accomplished by young girls working in the houses of noblewomen, creating lace for household use, and in convents. Lace was a popular Venetian export in
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#1732851981742540-509: The 1500s and 1600s, and the demand remained strong in Europe, even when the export of other items exported by Venice during this period slumped. The largest and most intricate pieces of Venetian lace became ruffs and collars for members of the nobility and for aristocrats. Lace was being made in Brussels in the 1400s, and samples of such lace survive. Belgium and Flanders became a major center for
585-595: The Catholic Church as part of vestments in religious ceremonies. When they first started to use lace and through the 16th century, they primarily used cutwork. Much of their lace was made of gold, silver, and silk. Wealthy people began to use such expensive lace in clothing trimmings and furnishings, such as cushion covers. In the 1300s and 1400s in the Italian states, heavy duties were imposed on lace, and strict sumptuary laws were passed. This led to less demand for lace. In
630-547: The Lenton Church School. The Albert Ball Memorial Homes in Church Street are a striking and lasting monument to the brief life of Albert Ball. After a series of moves to houses throughout Lenton, his family settled at 43 Lenton Road. His father Sir Albert Ball , rose in status from a plumber to become Lord Mayor of Nottingham. Helen Kirkpatrick Watts (1881 – 18 August 1972) was brought up in Lenton where her father
675-419: The beauty of collars and cuffs, needle lace was embroidered with loops and picots. Sumptuary laws in many countries had a major impact on lace wearing and production throughout its early history, though in some countries they were often ignored or worked around. Bobbin and needle lace were both being made in Italy early in the 1400s. Documenting lace in Italy in the 15th century is a list of fine laces from
720-485: The beginning of the 20th century. From the closure of the priory in 1538 until the late 18th century, Lenton was primarily a rural agricultural village. In the 1790s, the Nottingham Canal was constructed, passing through the village. This led to industrialisation and population growth, with a number of factories built and the population increasing from 893 to 3077 between 1801 and 1831. The area known as New Lenton
765-414: The creation of primarily bobbin lace starting in the 1500s, and some handmade lace is still being produced there today. Belgian-grown flax contributed to the lace industry in the country. It produced extremely fine linen threads that were a critical factor in the superior texture and quality of Belgian lace. Schools were founded to teach lacemaking to the young. The height of the production of lace there
810-455: The early Florentine School . Later, in the 17th century, lace was very popular and painting styles were at the time realistic. This allows viewers to see the finery of lace. Painted portraits, primarily those of the wealthy or the nobility, depicted costly laces. This presented a challenge to the painters, who needed to represent not only their sitters accurately, but their intricate lace as well. The portrait of Nicolaes Hasselaer seen here
855-706: The economic issues connected to war, and the increased production and use of machine-made laces. American colonists of both British and Dutch origins strove to acquire lace accessories such as caps, ruffs, and other neckwear, and handkerchiefs. American women who afford lace textiles were also able to afford aprons and dresses trimmed with the technique or made only from lace. Because of sumptuary laws, such as one in Massachusetts in 1634, American citizens were not allowed to own or make their lace textiles. Sumptuary laws prevented spending on extravagance and luxury and classified who could own or make lace. This indicates that lace
900-685: The end of the 16th century. They continued to make pillow and other lace, as they had in their homeland, but Honiton lace never got the acclaim that lace from France, Italy, and Belgium did. While the lace in Devon stayed stable, in the lace-making areas of the South Midlands there were changes brought by different groups of émigrés : Flemings, French Huguenots, and later, French escaping the Revolution . Catherine of Aragon , while exiled in Ampthill, England,
945-535: The fair. The Fair continued after the demise of the Priory, though its length was gradually reduced. Its emphasis slowly changed and, in 1584, it was described as a horse-fair when servants of Mary, Queen of Scots attended. By the 17th century, the Fair had acquired a reputation as a great fair for all sorts of horses. In the 19th century, it was largely frequented by farmers and horse dealers. The Fair finally ceased operating at
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#1732851981742990-510: The fashions popular there, influenced the lace that started to be made in France. It was delicate and graceful, compared to the heavier needle or point-laces of Venice. Examples of French lace are Alençon , Argentan , and Chantilly . The 17th century court of King Louis the XIV of France was known for its extravagance, and during his reign lace, particularly the delicate Alençon and Argentan varieties,
1035-516: The gold lace from the sleeves of his coat "as it is fit [he] should", possibly in order to avoid charges of ostentatious living. In 1840, Britain's Queen Victoria was married in lace, influencing the wedding dress style until now. The decline of the lace industry in England began about 1780, as was happening elsewhere. Some of the reasons include the increased popularity of clothing in the Classical style,
1080-533: The homes, includes Ball's name and was also paid for by the Ball family. Lenton, Nottingham Lenton is an area of the city of Nottingham , in the Nottingham district, in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire , England. Most of Lenton is situated in the electoral ward of 'Dunkirk and Lenton', with a small part in 'Wollaton East and Lenton Park'. Originally a separate agricultural village, Lenton became part of
1125-494: The inventory of Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan , from 1493. In Venice, lace making was originally the province of leisured noblewomen, using it as a pastime. Some of the wives of doges also supported lacemaking in the Republic . One, Giovanna Malipiero Dandolo , showed support in 1457 for a law protecting lacemakers. In 1476, the lace trade was seriously affected by a law which disallowed "silver and embroidery on any fabric and
1170-562: The knowledge of lace making to the Native American tribes. Sibyl Carter , an Episcopalian missionary, began to teach lacemaking to Ojibwa women in Minnesota in 1890. Classes were being held for members of many tribes throughout the US by the first decade of the 1900s St. John Francis Regis guided many women out of prostitution by establishing them in the lace making and embroidery trade, which
1215-577: The mid-1400s some lacemakers turned to using flax , which cost less, while others migrated, bringing the industry to other countries. However, lace did not come into widespread use until the 16th century in the northwestern part of the European continent. The popularity of lace increased rapidly and the cottage industry of lace making spread throughout Europe.The late 16th century marked the rapid development of lace, both needle lace and bobbin lace became dominant in both fashion as well as home décor. For enhancing
1260-537: The monasteries . Following dissolution, the priory was demolished and its lands passed through private hands. The Priory Church of St. Anthony is thought to incorporate elements of the chapel of the priory's hospital. In 2005, Lenton celebrated the 900th anniversary of the foundation of the Priory. The centrepiece of the celebrations was a special festival held in the grounds of the Priory Church of St. Anthony, on 21 May 2005. King Henry II granted permission for
1305-480: The parish was abolished and merged with Nottingham. Administratively, Lenton falls within the Nottingham South constituency. Most of the area lies within the electoral ward of Dunkirk and Lenton. The "Lenton Triangle" area (bounded by Derby, Faraday and Ilkeston Roads) is considered by most residents to be part of Lenton, due to its similar character; it falls into a neighbouring ward Radford and Park . Lenton
1350-406: The priory to hold an annual fair on The Feast of Saint Martin : 11 November. Lenton Fair originally ran for 8 days before being extended to 12 days. The fair caused numerous disputes with the mayor and burgesses of the town of Nottingham as no markets could be held within Nottingham during the period in the Lenton fair. In return, the people of Nottingham were given special rates to hire booths at
1395-523: The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France in 1685, many Huguenot lacemakers moved to Hamburg and Berlin. The earliest known lace pattern book was printed in Cologne in 1527. The lace that was made in England prior to the introduction of bobbin lace in the mid 1500s was primarily cutwork or drawn thread work . There is a 1554 mention of Sir Thomas Wyatt wearing a ruff trimmed with bone lace (some bobbins at
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1440-593: The time were made of bone). The court of Queen Elizabeth of England maintained close ties with the French court, and so French lace began to be seen and appreciated in England. Lace was used on her court gowns, and became fashionable. There are two distinct areas of England where lacemaking was a significant industry: Devon and part of the South Midlands . Belgian lacemakers were encouraged to settle in Honiton in Devon at
1485-632: The town of Nottingham in 1877, when the town's boundaries were enlarged. Nottingham became a city as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897. The name Lenton derives from the River Leen , which runs nearby. Lenton and its mills on the Leen get a mention in the Domesday Book in the late 11th century: "In Lentune 4 sochmen and 4 bordars have two ploughs and a mill." Lenton Priory
1530-522: The town's boundaries were enlarged. Nottingham became a city as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897. Both the University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre are within Lenton. This has increased the amount of student accommodation available, hence making the location heavily populated with students. In 1891 the parish had a population of 10,957. On 26 March 1897
1575-687: Was being made in that colony at the time. Lacemaking was being taught in boarding schools by the mid 1700s, and newspaper advertisements starting in the early 1700s offered to teach the technique. Also in the 18th century, Ipswich , Massachusetts had become the only place in America known for producing handmade lace. By 1790, women in Ipswich, who were primarily from the British Midlands , were making 42,000 yards of silk bobbin lace intended for trimmings. George Washington reportedly purchased Ipswich Lace on
1620-411: Was built to evoke an aircraft, with the homes the wings, and the central porch reminiscent of a cockpit. The two centre homes had curving doors, windows, and walls that also fit the theme. Windows on the row are suggestive of propellers. They were also built with ease of use for the elderly in mind. The Albert Ball Memorial Homes were Grade-II listed in 1995. The Lenton War Memorial, located in front of
1665-404: Was developed on agricultural land separate from the village, to accommodate the expanding residential and industrial needs both from the village and the neighbouring town Nottingham. As with many other villages surrounding Nottingham, many of the residents were involved in the manufacture and trade of lace . Originally a separate village, Lenton became part of the town of Nottingham in 1877, when
1710-457: Was extremely popular as court dress. The frontange , a tall lace headdress, became fashionable in France at this time. Louis XIV's finance minister, Jean Baptiste Colbert , strengthened the lace industry by establishing lace schools and workshops in the country. Lacemaking in Spain was established early, as by the 1600s its Point d'Espagne lace , made of gold and silver thread, was very popular. Lace
1755-444: Was founded in the village by William Peverel at the beginning of the 12th century. A Cluniac monastery, the priory was home to mostly French monks until the late 14th-century when it was freed from the control of its French mother-house, Cluny Abbey . From the 13th-century, the priory struggled financially and was noted for "its poverty and indebtedness". The priory was dissolved in 1538, as part of King Henry VIII 's dissolution of
1800-454: Was in the 1700s. Brussels was known for Point d'Angleterre , Lierre and Bruges also were known for their own styles of lace. Belgian lacemakers either originated or developed laces such as Brussels or Brabant Lace, Lace of Flanders, Mechlin , Valenciennes and Binche . Lace arrived in France when Catherine de Medici , newly married to King Henry II in 1533, brought Venetian lace-makers to her new homeland. The French royal court and
1845-524: Was made for use in churches and for the mantilla . Lacemaking may have come to Spain from Italy in the 1500s, or from Flanders, its province at the time. This lace was much admired, and was made throughout the country. Barbara Uttmann learned how to make bobbin lace as a girl from a Protestant refugee. In 1561 she started a lace-making workshop in Annaberg . By the time of her death in 1575, there were over 30,000 lacemakers in that area of Germany. Following
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1890-460: Was painted by Frans Hals in about 1627. It depicts a man dressed in a black garment with a lace collar. The collar is detailed enough that those who are expert in lace identification can tell what pattern it is. Hals created the lace effect with dabs of grey and white, using black paint to indicate the spaces between the threads. An image of an anonymous female artisan appears in The Lacemaker ,
1935-510: Was said to have supported the lace makers there by burning all her lace, and commissioning new pieces. This may be the origin of the lacemaker's holiday, Cattern's Day. On this day (25 or 26 November) lacemakers were given a day off from work, and Cattern cakes - small dough cakes made with caraway seeds , were used to celebrate. The English diarist Samuel Pepys often wrote about the lace used for his, his wife's, and his acquaintances' clothing, and on 10 May 1669, noted that he intended to remove
1980-466: Was the largest bicycle factory in the world. The Lenton Centre in Willoughby Street is a local community centre with gym and swimming pool. Previously a council facility, it was bought by local residents in 2004 for £10 when it was threatened by closure. Albert Ball VC (1896 –1917), Britain's first and probably still its best known 'Air Ace' was born at 32 Lenton Boulevard and went to school at
2025-538: Was the vicar. She achieved local notoriety when she was first arrested for protesting about women's suffrage outside the Houses of Parliament in 1909. Lace Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand. Generally, lace is split into two main categories, needlelace and bobbin lace , although there are other types of lace, such as knitted or crocheted lace. Other laces such as these are considered as
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