Al-Ard ( Arabic : الارض , "The Land;" sometimes called "the Land movement") was a Palestinian political movement made up of Arab citizens of Israel . It was active between 1958 and some time in the 1970s.
65-635: The movement was established by Sabri Jiryis , Habib Qahwaji , Salih Baransi , Mansur Qardawsh , and Muhammad Miari . It attracted international attention. Israeli geography scholar Oren Yiftachel characterized its activities as among "the most notable occasions expressing antigovernment resistance" by the Palestinian minority in Israel. The political movement's goal was, according to political historian David McDowall, "to achieve complete equality and social justice for all classes of people in Israel" and "to find
130-510: A Muslim Arab or a Christian Arab, while anyone of the Jewish faith from anywhere in the world is entitled to settle there. Realism may require recognition of the existence of a Jewish state in Palestine and that this fact be taken into account in seeking a settlement. But this can never mean approving the expansionist and exclusivist tendencies of Zionism. The Journal of Palestine Studies, 1977. During
195-556: A ceasefire across the Lebanon border between Israel and the PLO. Habib could not talk to the PLO directly because of Kissinger's directive, so he used a Saudi member of the royal family as mediator. The agreement was oral – nothing could be written down since Israel and the PLO did not recognize each other and refused to negotiate with each other – but they came up with a truce. ... Thus the border between Lebanon and Israel suddenly stabilized after over
260-521: A decade of routine bombing. Between July 1981 and June 1982, as a result of the Habib ceasefire, the Lebanese-Israeli border "enjoyed a state of calm unprecedented since 1968." But the 'calm' was tense. US Secretary of State, Alexander Haig filed a report with US President Ronald Reagan on Saturday 30 January 1982 that revealed Secretary Haig's fear that Israel might, at the slightest provocation, start
325-571: A genocide of Lebanese Christians, while refusing direct intervention. Hundreds of Lebanese militiamen began to train in Israel, at the IDF Staff and Command College. The relationship between Israel and the Maronites began to grow into a political-strategic alliance, and members of the Israeli government like Ariel Sharon began to conceive of a plan to install a pro-Israel Christian government in Lebanon, as it
390-741: A just solution for the Palestine problem as a whole, and as an indivisible unit." Following unsuccessful efforts to secure registration of the organization as an Israeli NGO and secure it a publishing permit , it was outlawed in 1964. Al-Ard's disappearance as a movement was linked both to governmental and popular resistance, with the Israeli Community Party denouncing the group and Palestinian Arab communities inside of Israel concerned that Al-Ard might destroy them. Sabri Jiryis Sabri Jiryis ( Arabic : صبري جريس , Ṣābri Jiryis , Hebrew : סברי ג'ריס ; born in 1938), also known as Sabri Jaris , Sabri Geries or Sabri Jirais ,
455-471: A member of the Palestinian National Council , wrote: The Palestinians may, in certain circumstances, be ready to seek a settlement in the area to which Israel is a party. But they are not prepared to conclude an agreement recognizing the legitimacy of Zionism; no Palestinian Arab can ever accept as legitimate, a doctrine that he should be excluded from most parts of his homeland, because he is
520-619: A phased withdrawal to its " South Lebanon security zone " along the border. The Israeli occupation saw the emergence of Hezbollah , an Iranian-backed Shia Islamist group. It waged a guerrilla war against the Israeli occupation until the IDF's final withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000. In Israel, the 1982 invasion is also known as the First Lebanon War . During the 1948 Palestine war , 730,000 Palestinians fled or were forced to leave by Zionist forces , of which 100,000 arrived in Lebanon. Most of
585-506: A resident of the Christian village of Fassuta , had been arrested on 12 December 2005. The arrest was kept secret by the Israeli military censor until an Acre municipal court judge accepted the Israeli newspaper Haaretz ' s request to lift a ban on publication of the affair. The Shin Bet security service and the police alleged that Jiryis Jiryis had been recruited by Iranian intelligence during
650-501: A result, thousands of Israeli citizens who lived near the Lebanese border headed south. There patterns of Israeli-initiated airstrikes and Palestinian retaliations with attacks on northern Israel are in contrast with the official Israeli version "A ceasefire declared in July 1981 was broken: the terrorists continued to carry out attacks against Israeli targets in Israel and abroad, and the threat to
715-520: A stand-off in a local battle as applying to the entire war anywhere in the Middle East or any incident internationally. Eitan commented that there was no difference if a militant threw a grenade in Gaza or fired a shell at a Northern settlement — all such acts broke the ceasefire. Sharon similarly did not wish to draw distinctions between different Palestinian factions, since all blame had to be attached to
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#1733202269958780-510: A stay in Cyprus. Sabri Jiryis, acting as his brothers attorney, claimed that the suspicions were baseless. Jiryis said the security services had been tracking his brother for nine months, and that during his interrogation, he was presented with a recording of a phone call during which his brother was heard rejecting the Iranian agents' offer of assistance. "'My brother is a very secular man, affiliated with
845-597: A war against Lebanon. The 'calm' lasted nine months. Then, on 21 April 1982, after a landmine killed an Israeli officer while he was visiting a South Lebanese Army gun emplacement in Taibe , Lebanon, the Israeli Air Force attacked the Palestinian-controlled coastal town of Damour , killing 23 people. Fisk reports further on this incident: "The Israelis did not say what the soldier was doing ... I discovered that he
910-578: Is a Palestinian - Arab Israeli writer and lawyer, a graduate of the Hebrew University law faculty, and Palestinian activist. In 1966, the first edition of his book The Arabs in Israel was published in Hebrew . Jiryis was born in 1938, in the Palestinian Christian town of Fassuta , Mandatory Palestine . He was given an "Administrative House Arrest" on 25 April 1969. The order was given by
975-660: The 1982 Lebanon War , the Palestine Research Centre 's historical archives were seized by occupying Israeli forces, but were returned as part of the November 1983 prisoner exchange with the PLO. In February 1983, a saboteur's bomb destroyed the centre; among those killed was Jiryis's wife. Jiryis moved on to Nicosia , Cyprus , in July 1983. In 1995, after the Oslo Accords , he returned to Israel. On 7 January 2006, it became known that his brother, Jiryis Jiryis, age 57,
1040-640: The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in the country, and install a pro-Israel Maronite Christian government. Israeli forces attacked and overran PLO positions in southern Lebanon and briefly clashed with the Syrian Army , who occupied most of the country's northeast. The Israeli military, together with the Christian Lebanese Forces and South Lebanon Army , seized control of the southern half of Lebanon and laid siege to
1105-526: The Second Israeli invasion of Lebanon , began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon . The invasion followed a series of attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the Israeli military , which had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border. The Israeli military operation, codenamed Operation Peace for Galilee ,
1170-652: The South Lebanese Army . But Israel's main partner was to be the Maronite Phalange party, whose paramilitary was led by Bashir Gemayel , a rising figure in Lebanese politics. Gemayel's strategy during the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War was to provoke the Syrians into retaliatory attacks on Christians, such that Israel could not ignore. In 1978, Menachem Begin declared that Israel would not allow
1235-571: The "internationally recognized provocation" that Secretary of State Alexander Haig said would be necessary to obtain American support for an Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Secretary Haig's critics have accused him of "greenlighting" the Israeli Invasion of Lebanon in June 1982. Haig denies this and says he urged restraint. In the biography of ceasefire broker Philip Habib, Alexander Haig is cited as leaving
1300-502: The Americans." The cease-fire, as both the PLO and the Americans saw it, did not include terror attacks stemming from Lebanon and carried out against Jews in Europe and other locales. In a meeting my father had with Alexander Haig and Philip Habib on 25 May 1982, Habib repeated what he had already said many times before: "Terrorist attacks against Israelis and Jews in Europe are not included in
1365-620: The Arab world and became more aggressive. According to Zeev Maoz in Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's National Security and Foreign Policy , the goals of the war were primarily developed by then Minister of Defense Ariel Sharon and were fourfold: George Ball testified before the US Senate 's Foreign Affairs Committee that Sharon's long-term strategy, as revealed in conversations,
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#17332022699581430-604: The Chief of the Northern Command, David Elazar and based on Emergency Regulations. According to this order Jiryis was to: 20 February 1970 he was jailed on another Administrative regulation. In March 1970, Jiryis was one of the initiators of a hunger strike by Palestinian administrative detainees, which attracted wide support, including demonstrations in Israel and across the world. He was allowed to leave Israel later in 1970, and moved to Beirut , Lebanon, where he became director of
1495-619: The Israeli government hoped to sign a treaty that would give Israel "forty years of peace". Following the assassination of Gemayel in September 1982, Israel's position in Beirut became untenable and the signing of a peace treaty became increasingly unlikely. There was outrage at the IDF's role in the Israeli-backed, Phalangist -perpetrated Sabra and Shatila massacre of Palestinians and Lebanese Shias . This stoked Israeli public disillusionment with
1560-538: The Israelis were going to invade Lebanon ... Weinberger just sat there and said nothing ." According to Avi Shlaim , the real driving force behind the Israeli invasion to Lebanon was the defense minister Ariel Sharon. One of his aims was the destruction of PLO military infrastructure in Lebanon and undermining it as a political organization, in order to facilitate the absorption of the West Bank by Israel. The second aim
1625-473: The PLO in Israel, the occupied territories, and the Jordanian and Lebanese border (in addition to 20 attacks on Israeli interests abroad). In Ariel Sharon's biography by his son, Gilad Sharon, the author referring to the Habib ceasefire, comments: "However, the agreement was explicit only regarding preventing terror from Lebanon, which is why my father encouraged the cabinet not to accept the offer as presented by
1690-570: The PLO in effect created an unofficial state-within-a-state, particularly in Southern Lebanon , which then played an important role in the Lebanese Civil War . There had been continual violence near the Lebanon-Israel border between Israel and the PLO, starting from 1968; this increased following the relocation of PLO bases to Lebanon after the civil war in Jordan. The violence between Israel and
1755-529: The PLO peaked during Operation Litani in 1978, provoked by the Coastal Road Massacre which was carried out by Palestinian militants. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) was created after the incursion, following the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 in March 1978 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Southern Lebanon, restore international peace and security, and help
1820-428: The PLO such as the rejectionist Popular Front of George Habash, but also over those outside such as Abu Nidal's Fatah Revolutionary Council and Ahmed Jibril's Popular Front — General Command. In Begin's eyes, the ceasefire was not geographically limited to the Lebanese border. He argued that if Palestinian terrorism struck internationally, then this too would be regarded as a breach of the ceasefire. Begin thus took
1885-405: The PLO's centrist stream, who believes in peace talks and a two-state solution for two nations,' he told Haaretz , and added: "What they are trying to ascribe to him contradicts his political outlook." "During the detention, the police dropped the spy charges initially ascribed to him" Sabri Jiryis added further, and he believed the additional suspicions against his brother would be refuted "because
1950-451: The PLO. He dismissed attempts at more rational evaluation as masking the real issue. In a speech to a Young Herut conference in April 1982, he accused those who tried to take a more objective standpoint of erecting 'a protective wall around the PLO inside and outside Israel'. Further support comes from George Ball , that the PLO had observed the ceasefire. Israel, he said, continued looking for
2015-429: The PLO. Yet Abu Nidal had broken with Arafat and PLO in 1974 over a fundamental principle: namely, that the Palestinian national movement would adopt a phased piecemeal approach to secure a Palestinian state and embark on a political path. The lack of understanding of the difference between Palestinian groups and the total ignorance of Palestinian politics on the part an overwhelming majority of Israelis and Jews played into
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2080-604: The Palestine Research Centre. About 1975, Yasser Arafat sent Jiryis together with Issam Sartawi to Washington, D.C. to open an office to represent the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). These two held a series of meetings, among others with people prominent in American Jewish groups in New York and Washington. Rabbi Max Ticktin and Arthur Waskow (both members of "Breira") were among five American Jews at
2145-636: The Security Council Secretary General noted that infiltrations into the border zone by Palestinian armed forces had decreased relative to the previous six months. Indeed, the PLO had recognized their vulnerable position, and avoided overtly provoking Israel. In contrast the IDF had launched various attacks on Lebanese territory often in support of the Lebanese Christian militia. In doing so Israel had violated UN Security Council resolution 425 on hundreds of occasions [paragraph 58]. Where
2210-586: The Shatila refugee camp were bombed for four hours and the local "Gaza" hospital was hit there. About 200 people were killed during these attacks. The PLO hit back firing rockets at northern Israel causing considerable damage and some loss of life. According to another source, twenty villages were targeted in Galilee and 3 Israelis were wounded. According to Shlaim, Yasser Arafat, at that time being in Saudi Arabia, told
2275-897: The Washington meeting. According to some sources, Jiryis and Sartawi were within a few hours of holding a press conference to announce the establishment of their new office. However, Henry Kissinger , then the Secretary of State , working in coordination with Yitzhak Rabin , then the Israeli Prime Minister, sent the FBI to the Capitol Hilton Hotel to deport Jiryis and Sartawi. About the same time, Israeli doves General Mattityahu Peled , Uri Avnery and Arie Eliav had been meeting for months in Paris, France, with Jiryis and Sartawi. In 1977, Jiryis, as
2340-490: The West Bank to prevent an Israeli attack. In contrast, Begin, Sharon and Eitan were searching for any excuse to neutralize their military opponents through a breach of the ceasefire. They believed that Arafat was buying time to build up his conventional forces. The Israeli interpretation of the conditions for the ceasefire placed responsibility for any act of Palestinian violence on Arafat's shoulders. It presumed that Arafat had complete control, not only over all factions within
2405-571: The actions of Amal and the South Lebanon Army under Major Saad Haddad 's leadership with the backing of Israeli military forces. Prior to establishing ceasefire in July 1981, U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim noted: "After several weeks of relative quiet in the area, a new cycle of violence has begun and has, in the past week, steadily intensified." He further stated: "There have been heavy civilian casualties in Lebanon; there have been civilian casualties in Israel as well. I deeply deplore
2470-516: The capital Beirut . Surrounded in West Beirut and subjected to heavy Israeli bombardment, the PLO and their allies negotiated a ceasefire with the aid of United States Special Envoy Philip Habib . The PLO, led by Yasser Arafat , were evacuated from Lebanon, overseen by a multinational peacekeeping force . By expelling the PLO, removing Syrian influence over Lebanon, and installing a pro-Israeli Christian government led by President Bachir Gemayel ,
2535-529: The cease-fire agreement. Arafat pressured the radical factions to maintain the ceasefire because he did not wish to provoke the Israelis into an all-out attack. The PLO acceptance of the ceasefire had led to dissension even within Fatah itself. A faction sympathetic to Abu Nidal forced a military confrontation, with accompanying arrests and executions — an event unprecedented in PLO internal disputes'. Arafat even attempted to distance himself from Palestinian unrest on
2600-568: The coming days. Israel renewed its air strikes in an attempt to trigger a war that would allow it to drive out the PLO and restore peace to the region. On 17 July, the Israel Air Force launched a massive attack on PLO buildings in downtown Beirut. "Perhaps as many as three hundred died, and eight hundred were wounded, the great majority of them civilians." The Israeli army also heavily targeted PLO positions in south Lebanon without success in suppressing Palestinian rocket launchers and guns. As
2665-447: The extensive human suffering caused by these developments." The President of the U.N. Security Council , Ide Oumarou of Niger , expressed "deep concern at the extent of the loss of life and the scale of the destruction caused by the deplorable events that have been taking place for several days in Lebanon". From the ceasefire, established in July 1981, until the start of the war, the Israeli government reported 270 militant attacks by
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2730-407: The government of Lebanon restore its effective authority in the area. As early as 1976, Israel had been assisting Lebanese Christian militias in their sporadic battles against the PLO. During Operation Litani in 1978, Israel established a security zone in southern Lebanon with mostly Christian inhabitants, in which they began to supply training and arms to Christian militias which would later form
2795-504: The guerrillas would be recruited from Palestinian refugee camps. By 1969, this population had grown to 235,000 as a result of natural population growth and immigration, including Palestinians who fled or were expelled by Israel during the 1967 war. On the eve of the 1982 Israeli invasion, the Palestinian population in Lebanon was 375,000. The 1967 Six-Day war stimulated the growth of the Palestinian fedayeen (guerrillas). After 1967,
2860-549: The gunners had been ordered to miss. Major-General Erskine (Ghana), Chief of Staff of UNTSO reported to the Secretary-General and the Security Council (S/14789, S/15194) that from August 1981 to May 1982, inclusive, there were 2096 violations of Lebanese airspace and 652 violations of Lebanese territorial waters. The freedom of movement of UNIFIL personnel and UNTSO observers within the enclave remained restricted due to
2925-504: The hands of those who did not wish to distinguish between the PLO and the Abu Nidal group. Thus, instead of an initiative to locate the Abu Nidal group in Damascus or Baghdad, the plan to invade Lebanon was activated. The PLO denied complicity in the attack, but Israel retaliated with punishing air and artillery strikes against Palestinian targets in Lebanon, including the PLO camps. Sabra and
2990-457: The initiator(s) of attacks could be identified in the report, in 15 cases Palestinian militants were to blame while on 23 occasions the Militia and/or the IDF were the instigators, the latter also being responsible for the most violent confrontation of the period on 27 April [paragraph 52]. From 16 June to 10 December 1981, a relative quiet was reported continuing from 29 May 1981 until 10 July. This
3055-517: The national security of the United States required—which was not a confrontation between Israeli and Soviet tanks on the road from Beirut to Damascus. The American reaction was that they would not apply any undue pressure on Israel to quit Lebanon as the Israeli presence in Lebanon may prove to be a catalyst for the disparate groups of Lebanon to make common cause against both Syrian and Israeli forces. Haig's analysis, which Ronald Reagan agreed with,
3120-447: The northern settlements became unbearable." On 24 July 1981, United States Undersecretary of State Philip Habib brokered a ceasefire badly needed by both parties, the best achievable result from negotiations via intermediaries, aimed at complying with the decisions of UN Security Council resolution 490. The process was complicated, requiring shuttle diplomacy between Damascus, Jerusalem, and Beirut, United States. Philip Habib concluded
3185-489: The number of armed Palestinians increased from 200 to 2,000 and by 1968 it had reached 15,000. Palestinian guerrilla action intended to serve as a war of national liberation for Palestinians. In 1968, PLO's objective was to establish a single democratic state in all of historical Palestine with equal rights for Jews, Muslims in Christians. It was around this time that Palestinians began to conduct raids into Israel. By 1977,
3250-551: The objective had evolved to establishing a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, alongside Israel. In 1970, a large influx of Palestinians from Jordan went into Lebanon after the Black September conflict. This caused an additional demographic imbalance within Lebanese society, and affected its democratic institutions established earlier by the National Pact . By 1975, the refugees numbered more than 300,000 and
3315-411: The police have no evidence on the matter." 1982 Lebanon War Israeli tactical victories, strategic failure Total casualities: 19,085 killed and 30,000 wounded. Civilians at Sabra-Shatila massacre : 800-3,500 killed. Second phase: 1977–1982 Third phase: 1982–1984 Fourth phase: 1984–1990 Cantons and puppet states The 1982 Lebanon War , also called
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#17332022699583380-556: The rival Ba'ath regime in Syria—whether Syria intervened to help the PLO or not! At the Israeli Cabinet meeting the following day, both Begin and Eitan belittled intelligence reports that the likely culprit was the Abu Nidal group. Begin cut short his own advisor on terrorism, arguing that all Palestinian militants were members of the PLO, while Eitan ridiculed the intelligence staff for splitting hairs and demanded to strike at
3445-446: The war. The IDF withdrew from Beirut and ended its operation on 29 September 1982. The May 17 Agreement of 1983 ended the state of war between Israel and Lebanon, and provided for an Israeli withdrawal from the country. Amid rising casualties from guerrilla attacks, the IDF retreated south of the Awali river on 3 September 1983. From February to April 1985, the Israeli military undertook
3510-458: The worst impression of all in the lead up to Israel's Lebanon invasion: Haig thus comes off very badly: not a team player, not able to keep the rest of the administration informed of what was going on beforehand, not willing to tell anyone in the White House why Sharon was so confident during the invasion, hoping that Reagan's special envoy would fail in his mission, and having little sense of what
3575-582: Was broken when "Israeli aircraft resumed strikes against targets in southern Lebanon north of the UNIFIL area. (The Israeli strikes) led to exchanges of heavy firing between armed elements (Palestinians), on the one hand, and IDF and the de facto forces (Christian Militia) on the other. On 13 and 14 July, widespread Israeli air-strikes continued. Armed elements (Palestinians) fired into the enclave and northern Israel." Israeli-initiated attacks had led to rocket and artillery fire on northern Israel. This pattern continued in
3640-469: Was formally protested by the Lebanese government to the UN Security Council and General Assembly in several communications as violations by Israel of United Nations Security Council Resolution 425. During the same period Israel protested numerous attacks by Palestinian forces, unrelated to the Lebanese border zone. In his report for the period of 12 December 1980 to 12 June 1981 on UNIFIL activities,
3705-592: Was known that Bashir wanted to remove the PLO and all Palestinian refugees in the country. From June to December 1980 the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) recorded an increase in activities along the border zone. No attacks by Palestinian forces on Israel were recorded, while the IDF incursions across the armistice line into Lebanon increased markedly, with minefields being laid, gun posts established, and generally involving numerous violations of Lebanese air-space and territorial waters. This
3770-533: Was launched after gunmen from the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov , Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin blamed the PLO, using the incident as a casus belli . It was the second invasion of Lebanon by Israel, following the 1978 South Lebanon conflict . The Israelis sought to end Palestinian attacks from Lebanon , destroy
3835-435: Was no chance in persuading the cabinet to approve a large-scale operation in Lebanon, adopted a different tactic and intended to implement "Operation Big Pines" in stages by manipulating enemy provocations and Israeli responses. On 3 June 1982 Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov was shot and seriously wounded in London by militants belonging to the Iraqi-backed Abu Nidal militant organization . The attack
3900-483: Was one of "squeezing the Palestinians out of the West Bank . .allowing only enough of them to remain for work." The military plan with the code name "Big Pines", prepared by IDF, envisaged invasion to Lebanon up to the highway Damascus-Beirut and linking with Maronite forces. It was first presented to Israeli cabinet on 20 December 1981 by Begin, but rejected by the majority of ministers. According to Avi Shlaim, Sharon and chief of staff Rafael Eitan , realizing that there
3965-408: Was ordered by the Iraqi Intelligence Service . Following the attack, the assassins drove to the Iraqi embassy in London, where they deposited the weapon. In his memoirs, Sharon stated that the attack was "merely the spark that lit the fuse". Israeli prime Minister Begin used this as the "internationally recognized provocation" necessary to invade Lebanon. The fact that the Abu Nidal organization
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#17332022699584030-468: Was that this uniting of Lebanese groups would allow President Elias Sarkis to reform the Lebanese central Government and give the Palestinian refugees Lebanese citizenship. Additional evidence that the United States approved the Israeli invasion comes from longtime CIA analyst Charles Cogan, who says that he was in the room during a May 1982 meeting in The Pentagon during which Sharon explained to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger "in great detail how
4095-420: Was the establishment of the Maronite government in Lebanon, headed by Bashir Gemayel and signing the peace treaty between two countries, the third aim was the expelling of the Syrian Army from Lebanon. Also, according to Shlaim, with the completion of Israeli withdrawals from Sinai in March 1982, under the terms of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty , the Likud -led government of Israel hardened its attitude to
4160-424: Was the longtime rival of PLO, that its head was condemned to death by the PLO court, and that the British police reported that PLO leaders were on the "hit list" of the attackers did not deter Begin. Iraq's motives for the assassination attempt may have been to punish Israel for its destruction of Iraq's nuclear reactor in June 1981 , and to provoke a war in Lebanon that Iraqi leaders calculated would be detrimental to
4225-431: Was visiting one of Haddad's artillery positions (Christian militia) and that the mine could have been lain [sic] as long ago as 1978, perhaps even by the Israelis themselves". On 9 May 1982, Israeli aircraft again attacked targets in Lebanon. Later that same day, UNIFIL observed the firing of rockets from Palestinian positions in the Tyre region into northern Israel, but none of the projectiles hit Israeli towns –
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