114-599: Akira Yamaoka ( 山岡 晃 , Yamaoka Akira , born February 6, 1968) is a Japanese composer and music producer. He is best known for composing music for several video games in the Silent Hill series by Konami , among other games. Yamaoka also worked as a producer on the series, as well as composing for the Silent Hill film and its sequel . Since 2010, he has been the sound director at Grasshopper Manufacture . Yamaoka attended Tokyo Art College, where he studied product design and interior design. He originally planned to follow
228-745: A M w 9.0–9.1 undersea megathrust earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean, 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region . It lasted approximately six minutes and caused a tsunami . It is sometimes known in Japan as the " Great East Japan Earthquake " ( 東日本大震災 , Higashi nihon daishinsai ) , among other names. The disaster is often referred to by its numerical date, 3.11 (read san ten ichi-ichi in Japanese). It
342-506: A 7.7 M w quake at 15:26 all occurred on 11 March. A month later, a major aftershock struck offshore on 7 April with a magnitude of 7.1 M w . Its epicenter was underwater, 66 km (41 mi) off the coast of Sendai. The Japan Meteorological Agency assigned a magnitude of 7.4 M JMA , while the United States Geological Survey lowered it to 7.1 M w . At least four people were killed, and electricity
456-466: A career in design. Yamaoka joined Konami on September 21, 1993. He immediately began to work on the games Contra: Hard Corps , Sparkster , and Sparkster: Rocket Knight Adventures 2 . Shortly thereafter, he worked on the music for the PC Engine and Sega CD versions of Snatcher . When Konami began searching for a musician to compose Silent Hill' s score, Yamaoka volunteered because he thought he
570-452: A certain magnitude (magnitude 8 on the JMA scale); that is, in the case of very large earthquakes, the scales' values change little despite large differences in the earthquakes' energy. This resulted in an underestimation of the tsunami's height in initial reports. Problems in issuing updates also contributed to delays in evacuations. The warning system was supposed to be updated about 15 minutes after
684-533: A hundred evacuation sites were washed away. The snowfall which accompanied the tsunami and the freezing temperature hindered rescue works greatly; for instance, Ishinomaki , the city with the most deaths, was 0 °C (32 °F) as the tsunami hit. The official figures released in 2021 reported 19,759 deaths, 6,242 injured, and 2,553 people missing, and a report from 2015 indicated 228,863 people were still living away from their home in either temporary housing or due to permanent relocation. The tsunami caused
798-739: A letter from her, informing him that she is waiting for him there. After searching and exploring the mysterious town, he ultimately realizes the true nature of her death. The game was released in September 2001 for the PlayStation 2 . An extended version of the game was released for the Xbox in December of the same year as Silent Hill 2: Restless Dreams in North America and Silent Hill 2: Inner Fears in Europe, and for
912-1140: A live performance. In 2014, he expressed interest in returning as a composer for Silent Hills , although the project was later cancelled. In late October and early November 2015, Yamaoka and his band performed tracks from the Silent Hill series at nine live events in cities across the United Kingdom, titled "Silent Hill Live". In July 2016, Yamaoka performed live at the BitSummit 4th indie game festival in Kyoto , Japan. When asked what other artists influenced his work, Yamaoka cited Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails as his "main inspiration, both performing and in music style." Among his other influences are Angelo Badalamenti (best known for his soundtrack work with David Lynch ), Massive Attack , Metallica and Depeche Mode . When asked if his studies at Tokyo Art College had helped him in his musical career, he replied: "At that time, Mick Karn of Japan , Steve Strange of Visage , and
1026-596: A lot of other musicians combined the notions of Art and Music with their own new style. I got really influenced by that. Therefore, every time I write songs, I try to combine Art and Music." He has also stated that he derives much of his influence from baroque styles common throughout the 18th century. Yamaoka stated some of his favorite songs to be "Der Mussolini" by D.A.F. , "Amber" by Craig Armstrong , "Moments in Love" by Anne Dudley , "Moon Over Moscow" by Visage, and " The Ecstasy of Gold " by Ennio Morricone . Before working as
1140-511: A magnitude of at least 8.4 M w , which also created a large tsunami that inundated the Sendai plain. Three tsunami deposits have been identified within the Holocene sequence of the plain, all formed within the last 3,000 years, suggesting an 800 to 1,100 year recurrence interval for large tsunamigenic earthquakes. In 2001 it was reckoned that there was a high likelihood of a large tsunami hitting
1254-486: A million times and viewed over 30 million times across platforms. P.T. was pulled from the PlayStation Store and is no longer available for download. Numerous remakes of P.T. have emerged due to the game's extremely limited availability; it remains unavailable on the PlayStation Store and has since been blocked from running on the PlayStation 5 . An interactive media experience known as Silent Hill: Ascension
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#17331071018061368-563: A port for the PlayStation 2 released in 2008. This was also the first Silent Hill title developed outside Japan. It is known as Silent Hill Zero in Japan. The sixth installment in the series follows Alex Shepherd, a soldier who has returned from a war overseas. Upon his arrival, Alex discovers that his father has gone missing, his mother has become catatonic , and no one can provide the whereabouts of his younger brother, Joshua. The game chronicles Alex's search to find his missing brother. It
1482-526: A result of the quake. The report also stated that the quake had caused several major landslides on the seabed in the affected area. The Earth's axis shifted by estimates of between 10 and 25 cm (4 and 10 in). This deviation led to a number of small planetary changes, including the length of a day , the tilt of the Earth , and the Chandler wobble . The speed of the Earth's rotation increased, shortening
1596-535: A row. After Silent Hill 3 was released, Team Silent expressed interest in creating a sequel. [1] In reality, Silent Hill 3 and Silent Hill 4: The Room were developed around the same time, "almost simultaneously". [2] Contrary to popular belief on the Internet, Silent Hill 4: The Room was always intended to be connected to the Silent Hill series, at least as a "spin-off." An interviewer once asked: In response, Masashi Tsuboyama and Akira Yamaoka stated: In
1710-409: A sense this is true because the game began life as simply Room 302. However, it was always at least a spin-off of Silent Hill and the most important thing was simply that it be different to the previous games. Certainly if Silent Hill had not existed we would not have gotten the idea for The Room, so in that sense they have always been together. It is false to say that the original concept, Room 302 ,
1824-460: A sequel to Silent Hill: Orphan . Silent Hill: Orphan 3 is a mobile game and a sequel to Silent Hill: Orphan 2 . Silent Hill: Book of Memories was released for the PlayStation Vita . Book of Memories utilizes an overhead isometric view , follows a different storyline, and features returning creatures from the series' fictional universe, as well as cooperative gameplay . The game
1938-478: A small tsunami was recorded after a 7.1 M w aftershock. As of 16 March 2012 aftershocks continued, totaling 1887 events over magnitude 4.0; a regularly updated map showing all shocks of magnitude 4.5 and above near or off the east coast of Honshu in the last seven days showed over 20 events. As of 11 March 2016 there had been 869 aftershocks of 5.0 M w or greater, 118 of 6.0 M w or greater, and 9 over 7.0 M w as reported by
2052-464: A timely warning, the initial earthquake and tsunami warning that was issued for the event was based on a calculation that requires only about three minutes. This calculation is, in turn, based on the maximum amplitude of the seismic wave. The amplitude of the seismic wave is measured using the JMA magnitude scale , which is similar to Richter scale . However, these scales "saturate" for earthquakes that are above
2166-399: A total area of approximately 561 square kilometers (217 sq mi) in Japan. The earthquake took place at 14:46 JST (UTC 05:46) around 67 kilometers (42 mi) from the nearest point on Japan's coastline, and initial estimates indicated the tsunami would have taken 10 to 30 minutes to reach the areas first affected, and then areas farther north and south based on the geography of
2280-401: A tsunami warning, data from GPS tidal meters as well as from undersea water pressure meters, and there are plans to install more of these meters and to develop further technology to utilize data observed by them. To prevent under-reporting of tsunami heights, early quantitative observation data that are smaller than the expected amplitude will be overridden and the public will instead be told that
2394-510: A twisted monster. Maya's message was clear—"can't leave til you find it"—but what is it that Anita is really looking for? A new game, Silent Hill: Townfall , was announced in October 2022 with a reveal trailer. It will be developed by No Code and published by Annapurna Interactive . Initially planned for release in November 1999 by publisher Com.x , a 70-page original graphic novel adaptation of
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#17331071018062508-440: A video game composer, Yamaoka initially sought a career as a designer, but instead became a musician after studying product design at Tokyo Art College. Yamaoka stated in 2009 that his favorite game creator is Suda51 and his favorite video game is No More Heroes . In March 2011, Yamaoka auctioned some of his musical instruments to raise charity funds for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . His favorite of his own soundtracks
2622-489: A width of 200 km (120 mi). Analysis showed that this earthquake consisted of a set of three events. Other major earthquakes with tsunamis struck the Sanriku Coast region in 1896 and in 1933 . The source area of this earthquake has a relatively high coupling coefficient surrounded by areas of relatively low coupling coefficients in the west, north, and south. From the averaged coupling coefficient of 0.5–0.8 in
2736-494: Is Silent Hill 2 . In 2014, he stated his favorite film was Dario Argento 's Suspiria . He is married to Ai "Tamu" Murata, who is the drummer of the heavy metal band Nemophila . They have two daughters. Silent Hill Silent Hill ( Japanese : サイレントヒル , Hepburn : Sairento Hiru ) is a horror anthology media franchise centered on a series of survival horror games created by Keiichiro Toyama and published by Konami . The first four mainline video games in
2850-448: Is a mobile game released in Japan for the FOMA phone on December 19, 2007, and internationally for iOS in 2009. The goal of the game is to guide the player through ten stages by finding a key and opening the locked door. It is played from a first-person perspective. The game received mixed reviews due to its lack of storyline and poor execution. Silent Hill: Orphan 2 is a mobile game and
2964-510: Is an arcade game that follows two characters, Eric and Tina, who have entered the town of Silent Hill and must battle monsters while uncovering the mystery behind Eric's nightmares about a girl and a steamship. The game has a multiplayer element, where each player can choose to be either Eric or Tina. A second player can join the game at any time. Silent Hill: Orphan is a mobile game set in an abandoned orphanage, featuring first-person , point-and-click gameplay. Silent Hill: The Escape
3078-527: Is believed that the early warning by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) saved many lives. The warning for the general public was delivered about eight seconds after the first P wave was detected, or about 31 seconds after the earthquake occurred. However, the estimated intensities were smaller than the actual ones in some places, especially in Kanto, Koshinetsu , and Northern Tōhoku regions where
3192-519: Is deemed the record in Japan historically, as of reporting date, that exceeds 38.2 meters (125 ft) from the 1896 Sanriku earthquake . It was also estimated that the tsunami reached heights of up to 40.5 meters (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture. The inundated areas closely matched those of the 869 Sanriku tsunami . Inundation heights were observed along 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi) of
3306-586: Is pursued by monsters. Shattered Memories ' gameplay focuses on the completion of psychological tests, which alter in-game elements in the first setting, and exploration, puzzle-solving, and monster evasion in the second setting. The game's developers avoided integrating combat into the second setting's gameplay, centering instead on a weaponless player character attempting to rescue himself from powerful opponents, as they considered this to be more fear-inducing. The game received generally positive reviews, with its graphics, storyline, voice acting, soundtrack, and use of
3420-419: Is set in what appears to be a different fictional universe, following a different plot, with characters from the first game appearing altered alongside new ones. Gameplay takes place in two parts: a framing , first-person psychotherapy session with an unseen patient, and an over-the-shoulder perspective of Harry's journey through Silent Hill, which is periodically interrupted by environmental shifts where he
3534-463: Is the first installment in the series to feature multiplayer gameplay, apart from The Arcade . According to series producer Tomm Hulett, Book of Memories ' gameplay is largely different from that of previous installments, focusing on cooperative multiplayer action rather than traditional psychological horror . During Sony Computer Entertainment's presentation at Gamescom 2014, an interactive teaser titled P.T. (initialism for "playable teaser")
Akira Yamaoka - Misplaced Pages Continue
3648-455: Is the only game in the series that can be played in stereoscopic 3D . A new mainline game, entitled Silent Hill ƒ , was announced in October 2022. It is being developed by NeoBards, with creative contributions from writer Ryukishi07 , character designer "kera," and producer Motoi Okamoto . The game is set in Japan during the Shōwa period. The story is being written by Ryukishi07, who also wrote
3762-617: The When They Cry visual novel series. Shattered Memories is a reimagining of the first installment , developed by Climax Studios for the Wii and released in December 2009, with ports for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable released in January 2010. The game retains the premise of the original— Harry Mason 's quest to find his missing daughter in the American town of Silent Hill —but
3876-524: The Director's Cut . This collection marked the first time Silent Hill 3 was playable on an Xbox console. The collection received mixed to negative reviews due to severe issues with both games, such as significant framerate problems, lockups, and more. While the PlayStation 3 version was patched, the Xbox 360 patch was canceled, and Konami offered refunds to all Xbox 360 owners of the game. Silent Hill: The Arcade
3990-510: The FOMA phone on July 5, 2006, and for Java on January 17, 2007. The Silent Hill Collection is a re-release of the first four mainline video games in the series for the PlayStation 2. The European release contains Silent Hill 2 , Silent Hill 3 , and Silent Hill 4: The Room , while the Japanese release also includes the first Silent Hill . Silent Hill HD Collection is a high-definition re-release of Silent Hill 2 and Silent Hill 3 for
4104-562: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster , primarily the meltdowns of three of its reactors, the discharge of radioactive water in Fukushima and the associated evacuation zones affecting hundreds of thousands of residents. Many electrical generators ran out of fuel. The loss of electrical power halted cooling systems, causing heat to build up. The heat build-up caused the generation of hydrogen gas. Without ventilation, gas accumulated within
4218-527: The Wii Remote as the controller for the Wii version praised by reviewers. However, Shattered Memories ' chase sequences were criticized by some reviewers, who deemed them potentially frustrating and short. A remake of Silent Hill 2 was announced in October 2022 for the PlayStation 5 and PC. It will be a console exclusive on the PlayStation 5 for the first 12 months but will also be released for PC. Akira Yamaoka ,
4332-433: The literary genre of psychological horror , with its player characters being mostly " everymen ". The first installment in the series follows Harry Mason as he searches for his missing adopted daughter in the mysterious New England town of Silent Hill. Stumbling upon a cult conducting a ritual to revive a deity it worships, Harry discovers his daughter's true origin. Multiple game endings are possible, depending on
4446-408: The original game (ISBN: 978-1903286005) was written by Jon Murphy and penciled by Neil Googe . Com.X founder Eddie Deighton explained in 2008: Neil originally came for an interview as a designer at the design agency Russell and myself ran, but as soon as we saw in his portfolio that Neil had trained as a comic artist and had worked on 2000AD , we ended up talking for about 4 hours about comics and
4560-532: The 2004 Indian Ocean quake. Japan's National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) calculated a peak ground acceleration of 2.99 g (29.33 m/s ). The largest individual recording in Japan was 2.7 g , in Miyagi Prefecture, 75 km from the epicenter; the highest reading in the Tokyo metropolitan area was 0.16 g . The strong ground motion registered at
4674-538: The 2020 continuation of Ben Drowned . The first episode was broadcast on October 31, 2023, serving as the "series premiere" of the interactive series. The series was broadcast daily at 9:00 PM ET/6:00 PM PT for "the next several months," with the last episode airing on April 24, 2024. Following messages from her friend Maya, Anita finds herself at a crumbling apartment block, infamous for rumors of suicides. Drawn inside, Anita soon finds her sense of reality shattered as she encounters bizarre, otherworldly spaces haunted by
Akira Yamaoka - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-486: The Damned . He was first appointed to the role of chief sound officer at Grasshopper, but became involved in aspects of game production as well. On August 10, 2012, Yamaoka announced he would be releasing a second solo album in late 2012, one "different from the usual Silent Hill music." On October 31, 2012, he announced via Facebook , that the new three-track Spanish-language single "Revolución" would premiere at V-CON during
4902-483: The Earthquake Early Warning system and the actual intensities occurred in the aftershocks and triggered earthquakes. Such discrepancies in the warning were attributed by the JMA to the system's inability to distinguish between two different earthquakes that happened at around same time, as well as to the reduced number of reporting seismometers due to power outages and connection failures. The system's software
5016-399: The JMA bulletin also included the caveat that "At some parts of the coasts, tsunamis may be higher than those observed at the observation sites." The timing of the earliest recorded tsunami maximum readings ranged from 15:12 to 15:21, between 26 and 35 minutes after the earthquake had struck. The bulletin also included initial tsunami observation details, as well as more detailed maps for
5130-427: The JMA magnitude scale to saturate, no quantitative prediction will be released in the initial warning; instead, there will be words that describe the situation's emergency. There are plans to install new teleseismometers with the ability to measure larger earthquakes, which would allow the calculation of a quake's moment magnitude scale in a timely manner. JMA also implemented a simpler empirical method to integrate, into
5244-560: The Japanese Meteorological Agency. The number of aftershocks was associated with decreased health across Japan. On 13 February 2021, a magnitude 7.1–7.3 earthquake struck off the coast of Sendai. It caused some damage in Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures. One person was killed, and 185 were injured. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan reported land subsidence based on the height of triangulation stations in
5358-633: The Japanese coast guard said that the quake shifted the seabed near the epicenter 24 meters (79 ft) and elevated the seabed off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture by 3 meters (9.8 ft). A report by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology , published in Science on 2 December 2011, concluded that the seabed in the area between the epicenter and the Japan Trench moved 50 meters (160 ft) east-southeast and rose about 7 meters (23 ft) as
5472-452: The Pacific Ocean region reaching the entire Pacific coast of North and South America from Alaska to Chile . Warnings were issued and evacuations were carried out in many countries bordering the Pacific. Although the tsunami affected many of these places, the heights of the waves were minor. Chile's Pacific coast, one of the farthest from Japan at about 17,000 kilometers (11,000 mi) away,
5586-574: The PlayStation 2 in 2003 as Silent Hill 2: Director's Cut , with a port of Director's Cut to Microsoft Windows released in February 2003. The third installment in the series follows a teenage girl named Heather as she becomes caught in a conflict within Silent Hill's cult and discovers her true origin. It was released in May 2003 for the PlayStation 2, with a port to Microsoft Windows released in October of
5700-497: The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, featuring high-resolution visuals, new sounds, new voices, and Trophies / Achievements for both games. Silent Hill 2 includes the option to use both the old and new voices; however, Silent Hill 3 features only a new voice track, as the old voices were unavailable for legal reasons. Silent Hill 2 also features both the main scenario and the Born from a Wish sub-scenario, as seen in later re-releases such as
5814-542: The Sendai plain as more than 1,100 years had then elapsed. In 2007, the probability of an earthquake with a magnitude of M w 8.1–8.3 was estimated as 99% within the following 30 years. This earthquake occurred where the Pacific plate is subducting under the plate beneath northern Honshu. The Pacific plate, which moves at a rate of 8 to 9 cm (3.1 to 3.5 in) per year, dips under Honshu's underlying plate, building large amounts of elastic energy . This motion pushes
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#17331071018065928-496: The USGS further upgraded the earthquake to 9.1. Sendai was the nearest major city to the earthquake, 130 km (81 mi) from the epicenter; the earthquake occurred 373 km (232 mi) northeast of Tokyo . The main earthquake was preceded by a number of large foreshocks , with hundreds of aftershocks reported. One of the first major foreshocks was a 7.2 M w event on 9 March, approximately 40 km (25 mi) from
6042-401: The accumulated energy. In the area near the trench, the coupling coefficient is high, which could act as the source of the large tsunami. Most of the foreshocks are interplate earthquakes with thrust-type focal mechanisms. Both interplate and intraplate earthquakes appeared in the aftershocks offshore Sanriku coast with considerable proportions. The surface energy of the seismic waves from
6156-421: The actual development of the Silent Hill 4 project seriously began. Before Silent Hill: Origins was made, Team Silent was tasked with working on a fifth installment in the Silent Hill series, simply titled Silent Hill 5 , with development starting as early as during Silent Hill 3 . The game was delayed due to demand from fans who wanted proper closure for the first game. The planned story of Silent Hill 5
6270-510: The area measured by GPS as compared to their previous values from 14 April 2011. Scientists say that the subsidence is permanent. As a result, the communities in question are now more susceptible to flooding during high tides. One minute before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo, the Earthquake Early Warning system, which includes more than 1,000 seismometers in Japan, sent out warnings of impending strong shaking to millions. It
6384-464: The area of the Honshu rupture is not very straight, it is unusual for the magnitude of its earthquake to exceed 8.5 M w. The hypocentral region of this earthquake extended from offshore Iwate Prefecture to offshore Ibaraki Prefecture . The Japanese Meteorological Agency said that the earthquake may have ruptured the fault zone from Iwate to Ibaraki with a length of 500 km (310 mi) and
6498-495: The banking system on 14 March 2011 in an effort to normalize market conditions. The estimated economic damages amounted to over $ 300 billion, making it the costliest natural disaster in history . According to a 2020 study, "the earthquake and its aftermaths resulted in a 0.47 percentage point decline in Japan's real GDP growth in the year following the disaster." The magnitude 9.1 ( M w ) undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in
6612-511: The coast from Hokkaido to Kyushu in a 2012 study. Maximum run-up heights greater than 10 meters (33 ft) were distributed along 530 kilometers (330 mi) of coast, and maximum run-up heights greater than 20 meters (66 ft) were distributed along 200 kilometers (120 mi) of the coast, measured directly. The tsunami resulted in significant erosion of the Rikuzen-Takata coastline, mainly caused by backwash. A 2016 study indicated that
6726-457: The coast has not naturally recovered at a desirable rate since the tsunami. A Japanese government study found that 58% of people in coastal areas in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima prefectures heeded tsunami warnings immediately after the quake and headed for higher ground. Of those who attempted to evacuate after hearing the warning, only five percent were caught in the tsunami. Of those who did not heed
6840-531: The coastline. At 15:55 JST, a tsunami was observed flooding Sendai Airport , which is located near the coast of Miyagi Prefecture , with waves sweeping away cars and planes and flooding various buildings as they traveled inland. The impact of the tsunami in and around Sendai Airport was filmed by an NHK News helicopter, showing a number of vehicles on local roads trying to escape the approaching wave and being engulfed by it. A 4-meter-high (13 ft) tsunami hit Iwate Prefecture . Wakabayashi Ward in Sendai
6954-428: The coastlines affected by the tsunami waves. JMA also reported offshore tsunami height recorded by telemetry from moored GPS wave-height meter buoys as follows: On 25 March 2011, Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI) reported tsunami height by visiting the port sites as follows: The tsunami at Ryōri Bay ( 綾里湾 ), Ōfunato reached a height of 40.1 meters (132 ft) (run-up elevation). Fishing equipment
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#17331071018067068-477: The concept for the game... Even though the Silent Hill 4 project was a proper sequel to the Silent Hill series, our top objective for the game was "change." Confusion likely arises from an interview that said "*SH4 was not originally supposed to be a Silent Hill game." [6] This probably refers to the very early stages of Room 302 , when the developers were uncertain if they wanted Room 302 to be an official Silent Hill game. It likely does not refer to when
7182-476: The day by 1.8 microseconds due to the redistribution of Earth's mass. The axial shift was caused by the redistribution of mass on the Earth's surface, which changed the planet's moment of inertia . Because of conservation of angular momentum , such changes of inertia result in small changes to the Earth's rate of rotation. These are expected changes for an earthquake of this magnitude. The earthquake also generated infrasound waves detected by perturbations in
7296-398: The different gameplay mechanics and changes, such as using Room 302 as a hub world, were intentional because the developers wanted to focus on "change" and "new" elements. There is no evidence that features like invincible ghosts, the absence of a flashlight, or not visiting the town of Silent Hill for much of the game were due to Room 302 being a spin-off or the idea that " Silent Hill 4
7410-492: The earthquake caused such a dramatic change in the Earth's rotation came from the United States Geological Survey which monitors Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) stations across the world. The Survey team had several GPS monitors located near the scene of the earthquake. The GPS station located nearest the epicenter moved almost 4 m (13 ft). This motivated government researchers to look into other ways
7524-497: The earthquake may have had large scale effects on the planet. Calculations at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory determined that the Earth's rotation was changed by the earthquake to the point where the days are now 1.8 microseconds shorter. Japan experienced over 1,000 aftershocks since the earthquake, with 80 registering over magnitude 6.0 M w and several of which have been over magnitude 7.0 M w . A magnitude 7.4 M w at 15:08 (JST), 7.9 M w at 15:15 and
7638-401: The earthquake occurred, by which time the calculation for the moment magnitude scale would normally be completed. However, the strong quake had exceeded the measurement limit of all of the teleseismometers within Japan, and thus it was impossible to calculate the moment magnitude based on data from those seismometers. Another cause of delayed evacuations was the release of the second update on
7752-441: The earthquake was calculated to be 1.9×10 joules , which is nearly double that of the 9.1 M w 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed 230,000 people. If harnessed, the seismic energy from this earthquake would power a city the size of Los Angeles for an entire year. The seismic moment (M 0 ), which represents a physical size for the event, was calculated by the USGS at 3.9×10 joules, slightly less than
7866-431: The epicenter experienced the largest shifts. A 400-kilometer (250 mi) stretch of coastline dropped vertically by 0.6 meters (2 ft 0 in), allowing the tsunami to travel farther and faster onto land. One early estimate suggested that the Pacific plate may have moved westward by up to 20 meters (66 ft), and another early estimate put the amount of slippage at as much as 40 m (130 ft). On 6 April,
7980-471: The epicenter of the 11 March earthquake, with another three on the same day in excess of 6.0 M w . Following the main earthquake on 11 March, a 7.4 M w aftershock was reported at 15:08 JST (6:06 UTC), succeeded by a 7.9 M w at 15:15 JST (6:16 UTC) and a 7.7 M w at 15:26 JST (6:26 UTC). Over 800 aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 M w or greater occurred after the initial quake. Aftershocks followed Omori's law , which states that
8094-449: The first game. As a result, Team Silent decided not to move forward with their original plans for Silent Hill 3 . Instead, they chose to conclude the Alessa storyline from the original Silent Hill and tie up loose ends to appease fans. Not every member of Team Silent agreed with this decision, though Akihiro Imamura noted that they also did not want to use a similar template for two games in
8208-435: The game into a more commercial arcade-style rail shooter spin-off (not to be confused with the later-released Silent Hill: The Arcade ). This plan was rejected by the team, but the process wasted much of the budget and development time for Silent Hill 3 . At the time, Silent Hill 2 was also criticized online for not focusing on Alessa Gillespie and for having a different art style, characters, and creatures compared to
8322-423: The game series has sold over 8.4 million copies worldwide. Since 2022, Konami have embarked on a series of projects in the series including games Silent Hill: The Short Message , the 2024 remake of Silent Hill 2 , and the upcoming Silent Hill f , with various spin-offs releasing during the two periods. Most games are set in the series' eponymous fictional American town. The series is heavily influenced by
8436-406: The highest possible tsunami. Because tsunami walls had been overtopped , the committee also suggested, besides building taller tsunami walls, also teaching citizens how to evacuate if a large-scale tsunami should strike. Large parts of Kuji and the southern section of Ōfunato including the port area were almost entirely destroyed. Also largely destroyed was Rikuzentakata , where the tsunami
8550-663: The in-game actions taken by the player. The game was released in 1999 for the PlayStation . In 2009, it became available for download from the European PlayStation Network store for the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation Portable , and later, in the same year, from the North American PlayStation Network store. The second installment in the series follows James Sunderland as he searches for his deceased wife in Silent Hill after receiving
8664-445: The industry in general. By the time we finished, we felt that Neil's talent would have gone to waste if we'd taken him on as a designer, so we decided instead to propose to our client, Konami, that we should work with Neil on a graphic novel for the computer game Silent Hill. They felt it would be a cool thing to do, so Neil came on board and we began developing the project. Very quickly, we found that we all got on really well and by about
8778-436: The low-orbiting Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. Initially, the earthquake caused sinking of part of Honshu's Pacific coast by up to roughly a meter, but after about three years, the coast rose back and then kept on rising to exceed its original height. This megathrust earthquake was a recurrence of the mechanism of the earlier 869 Sanriku earthquake , which has been estimated as having
8892-689: The main shock hit Japan, and continued to occur for 3 hours, during which waves of up to 1.5 meters high were observed. Soil liquefaction was evident in areas of reclaimed land around Tokyo, particularly in Urayasu , Chiba City , Funabashi , Narashino (all in Chiba Prefecture ) and in the Koto , Edogawa , Minato , Chūō , and Ōta Wards of Tokyo. Approximately 30 homes or buildings were destroyed and 1,046 other buildings were damaged to varying degrees. Nearby Haneda Airport , built mostly on reclaimed land,
9006-639: The maximum of 7 on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale in Kurihara , Miyagi Prefecture . Three other prefectures— Fukushima , Ibaraki and Tochigi —recorded a 6 upper on the JMA scale. Seismic stations in Iwate , Gunma , Saitama and Chiba Prefecture measured a 6 lower, recording a 5 upper in Tokyo. Portions of northeastern Japan shifted by as much as 2.4 meters (7 ft 10 in) closer to North America, making some sections of Japan's landmass wider than before. Those areas of Japan closest to
9120-443: The north to Ōarai, Ibaraki , in the south, with most of the destruction in that area occurring in the hour following the earthquake. Near Ōarai, people captured images of a huge whirlpool that had been generated by the tsunami. The tsunami washed away the sole bridge to Miyatojima, Miyagi, isolating the island's 900 residents. A 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) high tsunami hit Chiba Prefecture about 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours after
9234-488: The north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi), with its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku , Japan, lasting approximately six minutes. The earthquake was initially reported as 7.9 M w by the USGS before it was quickly upgraded to 8.8 M w , then to 8.9 M w , and then finally to 9.0 M w . On 11 July 2016,
9348-501: The orbit of the GOCE satellite, which thus serendipitously became the first seismograph in orbit. Following the earthquake, cracks were observed to have formed in the roof of Mount Fuji 's magma chamber . Seiches observed in Sognefjorden , Norway were attributed to distant S waves and Love waves generated by the earthquake. These seiches began to occur roughly half an hour after
9462-474: The original composer, returns to write the score. The remake was released in October 2024. Play Novel: Silent Hill is a visual novel adaptation of the original Silent Hill , released exclusively for the Game Boy Advance in Japan on March 21, 2001. It has been fan-translated into English. Silent Hill ( mobile game ) is a mobile adaptation of the original Silent Hill . It was released in Japan for
9576-462: The populace warning did not trigger. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency , reasons for the underestimation include a saturated magnitude scale when using maximum amplitude as input, failure to fully take into account the area of the hypocenter , and the initial amplitude of the earthquake being less than that which would be predicted by an empirical relationship. There were also cases where large differences between estimated intensities by
9690-524: The quake, causing heavy damage to cities such as Asahi . On 13 March 2011, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) published details of tsunami observations recorded around the coastline of Japan following the earthquake. These observations included tsunami maximum readings of over 3 meters (9.8 ft) at the following locations and times on 11 March 2011, following the earthquake at 14:46 JST: Many areas were also affected by waves of 1 to 3 meters (3 ft 3 in to 9 ft 10 in) in height, and
9804-532: The rate of aftershocks declines with the reciprocal of the time since the main quake. The aftershocks thus tapered off over time, but continued for years after the initial quake, including one on 26 October 2013 (local time) of magnitude 7.1 M w . The earthquake moved Honshu 2.4 m (8 ft) east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 and 25 cm (4 and 10 in), increased Earth's rotational speed by 1.8 μs per day, and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of
9918-424: The same year. Silent Hill 3 is a direct sequel to the first installment in the series. The fourth installment in the series follows Henry Townshend, who finds himself locked in his apartment as strange phenomena begin to unfold around him and the other residents of the building. It was released in 2004 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Microsoft Windows, and it also marked the end of Team Silent 's contributions to
10032-491: The series. The fifth installment in the series is a prequel to Silent Hill that follows trucker Travis Grady, who becomes trapped in Silent Hill after rescuing a girl from a burning house. During his quest to discover the fate of the burned girl, he encounters characters from the first game and is forced to face his own past. It was developed by Climax Studios and released in 2007 for the PlayStation Portable, with
10146-422: The series— Silent Hill , Silent Hill 2 , Silent Hill 3 , and Silent Hill 4: The Room —were developed by an internal group called Team Silent , a development staff within the former Konami subsidiary, Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo from 1999 to 2004. The franchise is primarily set in the fictional town of Silent Hill, a place plagued by supernatural events, and follows various characters drawn to
10260-478: The source area and the seismic moment, it was estimated that the slip deficit of this earthquake was accumulated over a period of 260–880 years, which is consistent with the recurrence interval of such great earthquakes estimated from the tsunami deposit data. The seismic moment of this earthquake accounts for about 93% of the estimated cumulative moment from 1926 to March 2011. Hence, earthquakes in this area with magnitudes of about 7 since 1926 had only released part of
10374-454: The third week of working together, we felt we had a lot to contribute to the comic industry in terms of enthusiasm and creativity. Googe was assigned six months to finish the full-color art for the graphic novel. Although it was completed and an advertisement was featured in a European catalog, the adaptation was never released by Konami . He took an experimental approach to the comic layout, but due to his inexperience and lack of planning at
10488-418: The time, he felt that not everything he tried worked. The original plans for Silent Hill 3 were much different from what was eventually released. The story was initially intended to continue the "inner fears" concept used for James Sunderland , Angela Orosco , and Eddie Dombrowski in Silent Hill 2 . However, due to the slower-than-expected sales of Silent Hill 2 , Konami pushed Team Silent to turn
10602-600: The town by 14 March 2011. Among the factors in the high death toll was the unexpectedly large water surge. The sea walls in several cities had been built to protect against tsunamis of much lower heights. Also, many people caught in the tsunami thought they were on high enough ground to be safe. According to a special committee on disaster prevention designated by the Japanese government, the tsunami protection policy had been intended to deal with only tsunamis that had been scientifically proved to occur repeatedly. The committee advised that future policy should be to protect against
10716-413: The town, where they encounter horrifying creatures, psychological torment, and mysteries tied to their own pasts. The next three mainline games— Origins , Homecoming , and Downpour —were developed by other, mostly Western, developers and released between 2007 and 2012. The Silent Hill franchise has expanded to include various print pieces, two feature films, and spin-off video games. As of 2013,
10830-454: The tsunami warning long after the earthquake (28 minutes, according to observations); by that time, power failures and similar circumstances reportedly prevented the update from reaching some residents. Also, observed data from tidal meters that were located off the coast were not fully reflected in the second warning. Furthermore, shortly after the earthquake, some wave meters reported a fluctuation of "20 centimeters (7.9 in)", and this value
10944-428: The upper plate down until the accumulated stress causes a seismic slip-rupture event. The break caused the sea floor to rise by several meters. The magnitude of this earthquake was a surprise to some seismologists. A quake of this magnitude usually has a rupture length of at least 500 km (310 mi) and generally requires a long, relatively straight fault surface. Because the plate boundary and subduction zone in
11058-660: The upper refueling hall and eventually exploded causing the refueling hall's blast panels to be forcefully ejected from the structure. Residents within a 20 km (12 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a 10 km (6.2 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated. Early estimates placed insured losses from the earthquake alone at US$ 14.5 to $ 34.6 billion. The Bank of Japan offered ¥ 15 trillion (US$ 183 billion) to
11172-420: The warning, 49% were hit by the water. Delayed evacuations in response to the warnings had a number of causes. The tsunami height that had been initially predicted by the tsunami warning system was lower than the actual tsunami height; this error contributed to the delayed escape of some residents. The discrepancy arose as follows: in order to produce a quick prediction of a tsunami's height and thus to provide
11286-425: Was a completely separate horror game unrelated to Silent Hill . For example, the notion that halfway through development, Room 302 was turned into Silent Hill 4 , with developers merely sprinkling in some Silent Hill references late in the process, is incorrect. It is likely that before even 5-10% of the game's development, it was decided and finalized that Room 302 would be a proper Silent Hill game. Some of
11400-477: Was also particularly hard hit. At least 101 designated tsunami evacuation sites were hit by the wave. Like the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , the damage by surging water, though much more localized, was far more deadly and destructive than the actual quake. Entire towns were destroyed in tsunami-hit areas in Japan, including 9,500 missing in Minamisanriku ; one thousand bodies had been recovered in
11514-408: Was announced in October 2022. It was developed by Genvid Technologies, Bad Robot Games , and Behaviour Interactive . Silent Hill: Ascension is a Choose Your Own Adventure -style interactive game where viewers can vote on the direction of the story in real time, giving them agency in how the singular canon progresses, similar to other horror contemporaries such as Black Mirror: Bandersnatch and
11628-413: Was broadcast throughout the mass media and the warning system, which caused some residents to underestimate the danger of their situation and even delayed or suspended their evacuation. In response to the aforementioned shortcomings in the tsunami warning system, JMA began an investigation in 2011 and updated their system in 2013. In the updated system, for a powerful earthquake that is capable of causing
11742-433: Was cut off across much of northern Japan including the loss of external power to Higashidōri Nuclear Power Plant and Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant . Four days later on 11 April, another magnitude 7.1 M w aftershock struck Fukushima, causing additional damage and killing a total of three people. On 7 December 2012 a large aftershock of magnitude 7.3 M w caused a minor tsunami, and again on 26 October 2013
11856-473: Was developed by Double Helix Games and released in 2008 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , and in 2009 for Microsoft Windows. The seventh installment in the series follows Murphy Pendleton, a prisoner who becomes stranded in Silent Hill after his prison transport vehicle crashes. Announced in April 2010 and developed by Vatra Games for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, the game was released on March 13, 2012. It
11970-429: Was never meant to be a Silent Hill game." Similarly, the first half of Silent Hill 3 isn't set in the town of Silent Hill . As Masashi Tsuboyama explained: We wanted to make a sequel after Silent Hill 3 and you could say that was the initial concept, but upon that we needed to implement a lot of new flavor to the sequel, otherwise it would have been the same old Silent Hill. So for that, we created "The Room" as
12084-606: Was not damaged. Odaiba also experienced liquefaction, but damage was minimal. Shinmoedake , a volcano in Kyushu , erupted three days after the earthquake. The volcano had previously erupted in January 2011; it is not known if the later eruption was linked to the earthquake. In Antarctica , the seismic waves from the earthquake were reported to have caused the Whillans Ice Stream to slip by about 0.5 meters (1 ft 8 in). The first sign international researchers had that
12198-459: Was released on the PlayStation Store for PlayStation 4 . The teaser revealed a new Silent Hill game entitled Silent Hills , being developed by Kojima Productions using the Fox Engine , in collaboration with Hideo Kojima and film director Guillermo del Toro , featuring actor Norman Reedus . On September 1, Sony revealed during its pre-TGS press conference that P.T. had been downloaded over
12312-550: Was scattered on the high cliff above the bay. At Tarō, Iwate , the tsunami reached a height of 37.9 meters (124 ft) up the slope of a mountain some 200 meters (660 ft) away from the coastline . Also, at the slope of a nearby mountain from 400 meters (1,300 ft) away at Aneyoshi fishery port ( 姉吉漁港 ) of Omoe peninsula ( 重茂半島 ) in Miyako, Iwate , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology found estimated tsunami run up height of 38.9 meters (128 ft). This height
12426-471: Was struck by waves 2 meters (6.6 ft) high, compared with an estimated wave height of 38.9 meters (128 ft) at Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, Japan. The tsunami warning issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency was the most serious on its warning scale; it was rated as a "major tsunami", being at least 3 meters (9.8 ft) high. The actual height prediction varied, the greatest being for Miyagi at 6 meters (20 ft) high. The tsunami inundated
12540-435: Was subsequently modified to handle this kind of situation. An upthrust of 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) along a 180-kilometer (110 mi)-wide seabed at 60 kilometers (37 mi) offshore from the east coast of Tōhoku resulted in a major tsunami that brought destruction along the Pacific coastline of Japan's northern islands. Thousands of people died and entire towns were devastated. The tsunami propagated throughout
12654-568: Was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan , and the fourth most powerful earthquake recorded in the world since modern seismography began in 1900. The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that may have reached heights of up to 40.5 meters (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture , and which, in the Sendai area, traveled at 700 km/h (435 mph) and up to 10 km (6 mi) inland. Residents of Sendai had only eight to ten minutes of warning, and more than
12768-413: Was the only one capable of making the soundtrack. Although initially hired as a composer, he soon became involved in overall sound design. On December 2, 2009, it was announced that Yamaoka was leaving his long term employer Konami. On February 3, 2010, it was announced that Yamaoka had joined Grasshopper Manufacture and was working with Goichi Suda and Shinji Mikami on their action game, Shadows of
12882-662: Was three stories high. Other cities destroyed or heavily damaged by the tsunami include Kamaishi , Miyako , Ōtsuchi , and Yamada (in Iwate Prefecture), Namie , Sōma , and Minamisōma (in Fukushima Prefecture) and Shichigahama , Higashimatsushima , Onagawa , Natori , Ishinomaki , and Kesennuma (in Miyagi Prefecture). The most severe effects of the tsunami were felt along a 670-kilometer-long (420 mi) stretch of coastline from Erimo, Hokkaido , in
12996-476: Was to focus on a damaged human being summoned to Silent Hill for a specific reason. Akira Yamaoka described the story as "the darkest story we have come up with". Another unique feature of the game was that it would start in Silent Hill as an everyday town with people going about their lives, which would slowly begin to rot away as players progressed through the game. 2011 T%C5%8Dhoku earthquake and tsunami On 11 March 2011, at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC ),
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