21-547: [REDACTED] Look up Akiba in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Akiba may refer to: Fintech [ edit ] Akiba (Fintech) People [ edit ] Akiba (given name) Akiba (surname) Entertainment [ edit ] Akiba, a character in the Metal Gear Solid series of video games Other uses [ edit ] Akiba (subgenus) ,
42-429: A Leucocytozoon parasite may have been by Vasily Danilewsky , who described certain parasites he observed in the blood of birds as "Leucocytozaire" in 1888 (as they appeared to infect leukocytes ). A more detailed description of parasites resembling Leucocytozoon was published in 1894 by N. Sakharoff from the blood of birds near Tbilisi . Soon thereafter in 1898, Hans Ziemann described a Leucocytozoon parasite from
63-549: A Jewish school in Hyde Park, Chicago Akiva (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Akiba . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akiba&oldid=1034715549 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
84-419: A blood-sucking fly as it bites the bird host. Gametocytes then mature in the insect midgut into macrogametocytes (female) with red-staining nuclei and microgametocytes (male) with pale-staining diffuse nuclei: these fuse to form an ookinete . The male gametocytes normally give rise to eight microgametes . The ookinete penetrates an intestinal cell of the fly and matures into an oocyst . After several days
105-451: A character in the Metal Gear Solid series of video games Other uses [ edit ] Akiba (subgenus) , a subgenus of protozoa in the genus Leucocytozoon Akiba Commercial Bank , Tanzania Akiba Hebrew Academy, the former name of Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy , located in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Akihabara (often shortened to Akiba), an area of Tokyo well known as
126-447: A shopping district for video games, anime, manga, and computer goods See also [ edit ] Akiba Dam , Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Akiba-Schechter Jewish Day School , a Jewish school in Hyde Park, Chicago Akiva (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Akiba . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
147-463: A subgenus of protozoa in the genus Leucocytozoon Akiba Commercial Bank , Tanzania Akiba Hebrew Academy, the former name of Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy , located in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Akihabara (often shortened to Akiba), an area of Tokyo well known as a shopping district for video games, anime, manga, and computer goods See also [ edit ] Akiba Dam , Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Akiba-Schechter Jewish Day School ,
168-411: Is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa (which also includes the malaria parasites). The species of this genus use either blackflies ( Simulium species) or a biting midge as their definitive host and birds as their intermediate host. There are over 100 species in this genus. Over 100 species of birds have been recorded as hosts to these parasites. Parasites in
189-992: Is considered restricted to the family Paridae . L. ziemanni infects owls. Form gamonts in white blood cells and/or erythrocytes. Gametocytes cause marked enlargement and distortion of the infected cell producing a football-like appearance. No merogony occurs in either leucocytes or erythrocytes. Merogony occurs in the parenchyma of liver, heart, kidney, or other organs. Meronts may form large bodies divided into cytomeres . Hemozoin deposits (pigment) are not formed—a useful distinguishing feature for Leucocytozoon from Haemoproteus and Plasmodium . Oocysts develop rapidly in 3–5 days. The oocysts are small and nonexpanding, reaching 13 micrometres in diameter and typically have less than 100 short, thick sporozoites. The vectors are Simulium or Culicoides species. The vertebrate hosts are birds. Type species: Leucocytozoon ziemanni The typical pathology of infection with these parasites includes anaemia and enlargement of
210-431: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Akiba [REDACTED] Look up Akiba in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Akiba may refer to: Fintech [ edit ] Akiba (Fintech) People [ edit ] Akiba (given name) Akiba (surname) Entertainment [ edit ] Akiba,
231-423: Is suspected to be a major parasite of Canada geese in some areas, including the upper Midwestern United States and Canada . L. smithi affects turkey farms in the southeastern United States. Bird hosts Like many protist species and genera this genus is subject to ongoing revision especially in the light of DNA based taxonomy. Described species may be subject to revision. The first described observation of
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#1732855669727252-413: Is unknown. Two gametocyte forms are recognised: an elongated (sail-like) form and a compact spherical form. These are usually 12–14 micrometres long. The large gametocytes tend to grossly distort the infected cells and make cell identification difficult. A pseudopigment known as volutin may be present. It has been suggested that this genus arose after the two others genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus ,
273-436: The liver and spleen . Gross lesions also include pulmonary congestion and pericardial effusion. Megaloschizonts appear as grey-white nodules found in the heart , liver, lung or spleen. Microscopically there is ischemic necrosis and associated inflammation in the heart, brain , spleen and liver due to occlusion of blood vessels by megaloschizonts in endothelial cells. Ruptured schizonts may induce granulomatous reactions in
294-485: The blood of the owl Athene noctua , naming it Leukocytozoen danilewskyi in honor of Danilewsky. N. M. Berestneff was the first to use the current genus name Leucocytozoon while describing parasites he called Leucocytozoon danilewskyi from several common birds. The genus was subsequently formally defined in 1908 by Louis Sambon , and has remained largely unchanged since. In 1930 and 1931, Earl O'Roke and Louis V. Skidmore independently discovered black flies to be
315-516: The genus Leucocytozoon have a life cycle that involves both a bird host, and a black fly (with the exception of Leucocytozoon caulleryi which cycles between a bird host and a biting midge ). Parasites enter the bird host in a form called a sporozoite through the bite of the blood-sucking black fly. The sporozoites invade host cells in the liver where they undergo asexual replication, forming numerous daughter cells called merozoites within 4–5 days. The duration of this stage depends in part upon
336-413: The genus use members of the genus Simulium as their vectors. In 1977, Greiner and Kocan in an extensive examination of species in the order Falconiformes declared that the only valid species infecting this order was L. toddi . L. dubreuili is considered to be restricted to the family Turdidae ; L. fringillinarum is considered to be restricted to several passiform families; and L. majoris
357-401: The latter originating from the late Oligocene or early Eocene at about the same time as Piciformes and Coraciiformes . The genus is divided into two subgenera— Akiba and Leucocytozoon —based on the vector species. The only known member of the subgenus Akiba is Leucocytozoon (Akiba) caulleryi which uses members of the genus Culicoides as its vectors. The remaining species in
378-3674: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akiba&oldid=1034715549 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon acridotheris Leucocytozoon alcedinis Leucocytozoon alcedis Leucocytozoon anatis Leucocytozoon andrewsi Leucocytozoon anellobiae Leucocytozoon apiaster Leucocytozoon ardeolae Leucocytozoon artamidis Leucocytozoon anseris Leucocytozoon atkinsoni Leucocytozoon balmorali Leucocytozoon beaurepairei Leucocytozoon bennetti Leucocytozoon berestneffi Leucocytozoon bishopae Leucocytozoon bishopi Leucocytozoon bisi Leucocytozoon bonasae Leucocytozoon bouffardi Leucocytozoon brimonti Leucocytozoon bucerotis Leucocytozoon cambournaci Leucocytozoon capitonis Leucocytozoon caprimulgi Leucocytozoon caulleryi Leucocytozoon centropi Leucocytozoon chloropsidis Leucocytozoon coccyzus Leucocytozoon colius Leucocytozoon communis Leucocytozoon coracinae Leucocytozoon costai Leucocytozoon dacelo Leucocytozoon danilewskyi Ziemann 1898 Leucocytozoon deswardti Leucocytozoon dinizi Leucocytozoon dubreuili Mathis & Leger 1911 Leucocytozoon dutoiti Leucocytozoon enriquesi Leucocytozoon eurystomi Leucocytozoon francae Leucocytozoon francolini Leucocytozoon frascai Leucocytozoon fringillinarum Woodcock 1910 Leucocytozoon galli Leucocytozoon gallinarum Leucocytozoon gentili Leucocytozoon giovannolai Leucocytozoon grallariae Leucocytozoon greineri Leucocytozoon grusi Leucocytozoon hamiltoni Leucocytozoon huchzermeyeri Leucocytozoon ibisi Leucocytozoon icteris Leucocytozoon iowense Leucocytozoon irenae Leucocytozoon jakamowi Leucocytozoon kerandeli Leucocytozoon lairdi Leucocytozoon lanium Leucocytozoon laverani Leucocytozoon leboeufi Leucocytozoon leitaoi Leucocytozoon liothricis Leucocytozoon lovati Leucocytozoon maccluri Leucocytozoon macleani Leucocytozoon major Leucocytozoon majoris Laveran 1902 Leucocytozoon mansoni Leucocytozoon marchouxi Leucocytozoon martini Leucocytozoon mathisi Leucocytozoon mcclurei Leucocytozoon melloi Leucocytozoon mesnili Leucocytozoon molpastis Leucocytozoon muscicapa Leucocytozoon mutus Leucocytozoon neavei Leucocytozoon nectariniae Leucocytozoon neotropicalis Leucocytozoon numidae Leucocytozoon oriolis Leucocytozoon otidis Leucocytozoon pittae Leucocytozoon pogoniuli Leucocytozoon pycnonoti Leucocytozoon rimondi Leucocytozoon roubaudi Leucocytozoon sabrezi Leucocytozoon sakharoffi Leucocytozoon schoutedeni Leucocytozoon schuffneri Leucocytozoon simondi Leucocytozoon smithi Leucocytozoon squamatus Leucocytozoon struthionis Leucocytozoon sturni Leucocytozoon sunibdu Leucocytozoon tawaki Leucocytozoon timaliae Leucocytozoon toddi Sambon 1908 Leucocytozoon trachyphoni Leucocytozoon whitworthi Leucocytozoon ziemanni Leucocytozoon zosteropis Leucocytozoon (or Leukocytozoon )
399-612: The oocyst produces ~100 sporozoites that leave and migrate to the salivary glands of the fly. The nuclei of the schizonts is enclosed in a trilaminar membrane with peripherally arranged chromatin. The schizonts also contain numerous cytomers also with trilaminar membranes and containing multiple ribosomes. Repeated invagination of the cytomeres gives rise to the merozoites which also have a trilaminar membrane. The merozoites have rhoptries , micronemes and three apical rings. The mitochondrion contains vesicular cristae. There may be one or two paranuclear bodies in some species. Their function
420-566: The species. In some species this stage may occur in the endothelial cells instead of the liver. The newly released merozoites infect either erythrocytes , leukocytes , macrophages or endothelial cells . Those infecting the macrophages or endothelial cells develop into megaloschizonts . The megaloschizonts divide into primary cytomeres , which in turn multiply into smaller cytomeres, which mature into schizonts, which in turn divide into merozoites. In erythrocytes or leukocytes, merozoites develop into gametocytes . The gametocytes are taken up by
441-421: The surrounding tissues. Clinically the majority of birds affected with leucocytozoonosis exhibit no signs. Among those that do the signs include mild to severe signs of anorexia , ataxia , weakness, anemia, emaciation and difficulty breathing. The excess mortality due to Leucocytozoon in adult birds seems to occur as a result of debilitation and increased susceptibility to secondary infection. L. simondi
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