A dargah ( Persian : درگاه dargâh or درگه dargah , Turkish : dergâh , Hindustani : dargāh दरगाह درگاہ, Bengali : দরগাহ dôrgah ) is a shrine or tomb built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish . Sufis often visit the shrine for ziyarat , a term associated with religious visitation and pilgrimages. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools ( madrassas ), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.
75-690: Ajmer Sharif Dargah (also Ajmer Dargah Shareef , Ajmer Sharif or Dargah Sharif ) is a Sufi Tomb ( dargah ) of the Sufi saint , Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishti , located at Ajmer Shareef , Rajasthan , India . Ajmer Sharif Dargah is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away from the main central Ajmer Railway station and 500 metres away from the Central Jail and is situated at the foot of the Taragarh hill. Moinuddin Chishti
150-649: A khadem at the Dargah, was arrested after he allegedly called for the beheading of suspended Bharatiya Janata Party spokesperson Nupur Sharma for her remarks against Muhammad . On 27 November 2024, A local court in Ajmer has issued notices to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and other authorities in response to a petition claiming a Shiva temple exists within the Dargah of Sufi saint Moinuddin Chishti. The petition, filed by Vishnu Gupta of Hindu Sena , argues
225-426: A ceramic tile or marble base. The tesserae are hand-placed and closely sandwiched together, creating an irregular mosaic or pattern (such as a weave). The laminated material is typically about 2 millimetres (0.079 in) thick. The tesserae are then lacquered and polished creating a durable and glossy surface. Instead of using a marble or tile base, the nacre tesserae can be glued to fiberglass . The result
300-441: A brittle material, like pure aragonite. The hardness of this material is also negatively impacted by dehydration. Water acts as a plasticizer for the organic matrix, improving its toughness and reducing its shear modulus. Hydrating the protein layer also decreases its Young's modulus , which is expected to improve the fracture energy and strength of a composite with alternating hard and soft layers. The statistical variation of
375-592: A dome over the grave of Hadrat Zainab bint Jahsh , and Sayyidah Aisha on the grave of her brother Hadrat Abdur-Rahman and Hadrat Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya on the grave of Hadrat Ibn Abbas . So Whoever has classified building domes to be disliked (Makrooh) has said so if they are built in order to show off." (Imam Badr al-Din al-Ayni , also writes the same in his book Umdat al-Qari - commentary of Sahih Bukhari ) Mother-of-pearl Nacre ( / ˈ n eɪ k ər / NAY -kər , also / ˈ n æ k r ə / NAK -rə ), also known as mother of pearl ,
450-449: A great saint after his passing. The tomb ( dargāh ) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became a deeply venerated site in the century following the preacher's death in March 1236. Honoured by members of all social classes, the tomb was treated with great respect by the era's most important Sunni rulers. The 13th-century Sultan of Delhi Iltutmish paid a famous visit to the tomb in 1232 to commemorate the memory of
525-403: A natural material. These particles line up in a way that resembles fibers, and they continue to multiply. When there are enough particles, they come together to form early stages of nacre. The growth of nacre is regulated by organic substances that determine how and when the nacre crystals start and develop. Each crystal, which can be thought of as a "brick", is thought to rapidly grow to match
600-570: A non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure as is found in conch pearls. The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae , the Trochidae and the Turbinidae . Nacre
675-498: A similarly formed but brittle mineral, is the speed at which it grows in a certain direction (roughly perpendicular to the shell). This growth is slow in nacre, but fast in fibrous aragonite. A 2021 paper in Nature Physics examined nacre from Unio pictorum , noting that in each case the initial layers of nacre laid down by the organism contained spiral defects. Defects that spiralled in opposite directions created distortions in
750-669: A yellow structure with floral designs, is the main gate and was donated by the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan in 1911. An older gate, the Shahjahani Gate, was donated by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan . It marked the expansion of the shrine complex beyond the Buland Darwaza, built by Sultan Mahmud Khalji . Other gates include the Madar Gate and the Delhi Gate. The Jannati Darwaza
825-460: Is a door made of silver that is used only on rare occasions. It is also referred to as the Bihisti Darwaza. The complex has eight tombs besides that of Chishti, belonging to members of his family. Some of these include Chishti's daughter Bibi Hafiza Jamal and Nizam Sikka, who was a water-carrier who saved Humayun's life. A huge chandelier, Sahn Chirag, was commissioned by Akbar. The Ahaat-e-Noor
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#1732941821117900-583: Is a large courtyard where religious functions are held and qawwalis are sung. Near the Nizam Gate is the Naqqar Khana ( transl. drum house ) where music was once played from to greet visitors. A large silver chandelier was donated by the Golden Temple . The Akbari Mosque is made of red sandstone and was probably commissioned by Akbar. A more elegant mosque was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1637 and
975-652: Is a lightweight material that offers a seamless installation and there is no limit to the sheet size. Nacre sheets may be used on interior floors, exterior and interior walls, countertops, doors and ceilings. Insertion into architectural elements, such as columns or furniture is easily accomplished. Nacre inlay is often used for music keys and other decorative motifs on musical instruments. Many accordion and concertina bodies are completely covered in nacre, and some guitars have fingerboard or headstock inlays made of nacre (or imitation pearloid plastic inlays). The bouzouki and baglamas (Greek plucked string instruments of
1050-514: Is a strong Cape Malay culture. In South Asia, dargahs are often the site of festivals ( milad ) held in honor of the deceased saint on the anniversary of his death ( urs ). The shrine is illuminated with candles or strings of electric lights at this time. Dargahs in South Asia, have historically been a place for all faiths since the medieval times; for example, the Ajmer Sharif Dargah
1125-429: Is an organic–inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer. It is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent . Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves , gastropods , and cephalopods . However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous , not nacreous, and this usually results in
1200-524: Is as of 2021 developing a product nacre to create "PearlBone", which could be used on patients needing bone grafting and reconstructive surgery . The company is applying for regulatory approval in Australia and several other countries, and is expecting it to be approved for clinical use around 2024–5. It is intended to build a factory in the Kimberley region , where pearl shells are plentiful, which would grind
1275-455: Is called the Jami Masjid. It is made of white marble. The Sandali Masjid was constructed by Aurangzeb. The complex also has a Langar Khana and a Mahfil Khana (assembly hall for qawwals , opened only during the urs). The Jhalara is a natural tank of water that is used by pilgrims. Other tanks were donated by Shah Jahan and Queen Mary of Teck in 1911. The Jami Masjid is located to the west of
1350-542: Is commonly decorated by mother of pearl. At the end of 19th century, Anukul Munsi was the first accomplished artist who successfully carved the shells of oysters to give a shape of human being which led to the invention of new horizon in Indian contemporary art. For the British Empire Exhibition in 1924, he received a gold medal. His eldest son Annada Munshi is credited with drawing Indian Swadesi Movement in
1425-662: Is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate ) 10–20 μm wide and 0.5 μm thick arranged in a continuous parallel lamina . Depending on the species, the shape of the tablets differs; in Pinna , the tablets are rectangular, with symmetric sectors more or less soluble. Whatever the shape of the tablets, the smallest units they contain are irregular rounded granules. These layers are separated by sheets of organic matrix (interfaces) composed of elastic biopolymers (such as chitin , lustrin and silk -like proteins ). Nacre appears iridescent because
1500-664: Is encouraged in Islam to remember death and the Day of Judgment . Sufis, refute such claims on the basis of misquotation of hadith. The hadith "Let there be curse of Allah upon the Jews and the Christians for they have taken the graves of their apostles as places of worship.(Sahih Muslim)" , is directed towards the disbelievers not the Muslims who took graves as place of worship i.e. they prayed facing towards
1575-423: Is hypothesized that the compliant matrix needs to have a larger fracture energy than the elastic energy at fracture of the hard phase. Fiber pull-out , which occurs in other ceramic composite materials , contributes to this phenomenon. Unlike in traditional synthetic composites, the aragonite in nacre forms bridges between individual tablets, so the structure is not only held together by the strong adhesion of
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#17329418211171650-619: Is modern day building which encompasses of actual dargah as well but not always. Dargah is derived from a Persian word which literally means "portal" or "threshold." The Persian word is a composite of " dar ( در )" meaning "door, gate" and " gah ( گاه )" meaning "place". It may have a connection or connotation with the Arabic word " darajah ( دَرَجَة )" meaning "stature, prestige, dignity, order, place" or may also mean "status, position, rank, echelon, class". Some Sufi and other Muslims believe that dargahs are portals by which they can invoke
1725-437: Is occupied with the sheer number of pilgrims. In March 2020, it was announced that a large guest house, Rubath, would be constructed in Ajmer for the same. The 1992 Ajmer scandal was a series of gangrapes and blackmailing where reportedly 250 school and college going girls aged between 11 and 20 years were the vicitms of this monstrous crime. The perpetrators were a group of men led by Farooq and Nafis Chishty, extended members of
1800-725: Is proven to be permissible from the Quran and practice and rulings of the Sahaba . Narrating the incident of the People of the Cave [Ashaab-e-Kahf), the Holy Quran states, “The person who was dominant in this matter said, “We shall build a Masjid over the People of the Cave.”– [Surah Kahf. Verse 21] Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi explains the above Quran verse in his famous Tafsir al Kabeer , "And when Allah said 'Those who prevailed over their affair' this refers to
1875-451: Is sometimes used in the decorative grips of firearms, and in other gun furniture. Mother of pearl is sometimes used to make spoon -like utensils for caviar (i.e. caviar servers ) so as to not spoil the taste with metallic spoons. The biotech company Marine Biomedical, formed by a collaboration between the University of Western Australia Medical School and a Broome pearling business,
1950-453: The Muslim ruler or the friends of Ashaab al Kahf (i.e. believers) or the leaders of town. 'We will surely build a Mosque over them' so that we can worship Allah in it and preserve the relics of companions of the cave due to this mosque" [Tafsir al-Kabeer, 5/475]. Imam Abu al-Walid al-Baji , quotes in his book Al-Muntaqa Sharh al-Muwatta (commentary of Muwatta Imam Malik ), "Hadrat Umar built
2025-409: The b- axis points in the direction of shell growth, whereas in the monoplacophora it is the a -axis that is this way inclined. This mixture of brittle platelets and the thin layers of elastic biopolymers makes the material strong and resilient, with a Young's modulus of 70 GPa and a yield stress of roughly 70 MPa (when dry). Strength and resilience are also likely to be due to adhesion by
2100-478: The dargah are mainly the five mandatory prayers of Muslims, the namaz . At sunset, there is the ceremony of the Dua-e-Roshni ( transl. Prayer of Lights ), in which large yellow candles are carried to the darbar by the khadims. Following the prayers at night, qawwalis are sung, after which all visitors are asked to leave. Three khadims then clean the durbar with brooms made of peacock feathers. After
2175-454: The dargah is known for its degh ka khana ( transl. food from a cauldron ). This is made of rice, ghee, cashew nuts, almonds and raisins. People undergo the Islamic ritual purification of wudu , in which pilgrims wash their face, hands and feet prior to offering namaz . The street approaching the dargah is well-known for its food, craft items and gota work . The daily rituals at
2250-551: The dargah was constructed in 1800 by the Maharaja of Baroda . Local and national rulers came to pray here, the dargah grew in popularity and size over the years. Razia Sultana , Nasiruddin Mahmud , Muhammad bin Tughluq , Sher Shah Suri , and Akbar , Mariam-uz-Zamani and his descendants Jahangir , Shah Jahan , Aurangzeb , Dara Shikoh and Jahanara Begum were known to have visited
2325-510: The flexural strength of the material because they can transfer stress in the material. Developing synthetic composites that exhibit similar mechanical properties as nacre is of interest to scientists working on developing stronger materials. To achieve these effects, researchers take inspiration from nacre and use synthetic ceramics and polymers to mimic the " brick-and-mortar " structure, mineral bridges, and other hierarchical features. When dehydrated, nacre loses much of its strength and acts as
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2400-445: The lute family) typically feature nacre decorations, as does the related Middle Eastern oud (typically around the sound holes and on the back of the instrument). Bows of stringed instruments such as the violin and cello often have mother of pearl inlay at the frog. It is traditionally used on saxophone keytouches, as well as the valve buttons of trumpets and other brass instruments. The Middle Eastern goblet drum (darbuka)
2475-566: The "brickwork" arrangement of the platelets, which inhibits transverse crack propagation. This structure, spanning multiple length sizes, greatly increases its toughness , making it almost as strong as silicon . The mineral–organic interface results in enhanced resilience and strength of the organic interlayers. The interlocking of bricks of nacre has large impact on both the deformation mechanism as well as its toughness. Tensile , shear , and compression tests, Weibull analysis, nanoindentation , and other techniques have all been used to probe
2550-696: The 19th century. Widely used for pearl buttons especially during the 1900s, were the shells of the great green turban snail Turbo marmoratus and the large top snail, Tectus niloticus . The international trade in mother of pearl is governed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora , an agreement signed by more than 170 countries. Both black and white nacre are used for architectural purposes. The natural nacre may be artificially tinted to almost any color. Nacre tesserae may be cut into shapes and laminated to
2625-527: The Islamic month of Jumada al-Thani and conclude on the sixth day of the month of Rajab , a total of six days. Members of Bhilwara 's Gori family march through the city towards the Nizam gate and hoist the flag on the Buland Darwaza, marking the beginning of the festival. Following this, the urs rituals begin with the sighting of the moon. This is followed by the Aser ki Namaz. Every night a mehfil -i- sama takes place at
2700-607: The Islamic saint since the medieval period. In 2019, the Hindustan Zinc Limited decided to renovate the complex under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan , including many plans specifically targeted at sanitation and hygiene. The white marble dome of Chishti's shrine, as seen today, was built in 1532. This date is inscribed in golden letters on the Northern wall of the dargah. It is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture and
2775-725: The Khadim family that oversees the caretaking of the Ajmer Sharif Dargah. On 11 October 2007, an explosion occurred in Dargah Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti's courtyard in Ajmer in Rajasthan. It was the holy fasting period of Ramazan and evening prayers had just ended. A crowd had gathered at the courtyard to break their fast. A bomb was placed inside a tiffin carrier went off. Reports said the blast claimed 7 lives and injured 17. Special Judge Dinesh Gupta's nearly 500-page judgment
2850-510: The Mahfil Khana of the complex, in which women are allowed to participate (which is not common in a dargah). The urs end with the Qul, the final prayer. During this period, pilgrims attempt to enter the dargah as many times as possible and make their prayers. The Bihisti Darwaza(made of silver ) is washed with rose water by pilgrims in the afternoon. It is believed that roses offered to the dargah during
2925-404: The ceramic phase to the organic one, but also by these connecting nanoscale features. As plastic deformation starts, the mineral bridges may break, creating small asperities that roughen the aragonite-protein interface. The additional friction generated by the asperities helps the material withstand shear stresses. In nacre-like composites, the mineral bridges have also been shown to increase
3000-494: The crack gets pinned. But, higher statistical variations generates very weak regions which allows the crack to propagate without much resistance causing the fracture toughness to decrease. Studies have shown that this weak structural defects act as dissipative topological defects coupled by an elastic distortion. The process of how nacre is formed is not completely clear. It has been observed in Pinna nobilis , where it starts as tiny particles (~50–80 nm) grouping together inside
3075-467: The dargah and the saint include Sultan E Hind (1973) by K. Sharif, Mere Data Garib Nawaz (1994) by M Gulzar Sultani. Dargah The same structure, carrying the same social meanings and sites of the same kinds of ritual practices, is called maqam in the Arabic-speaking world. Dargah today is considered to be a place where saints prayed and mediated (their spiritual residence). The shrine
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3150-425: The dargah was built using materials from a destroyed temple. The Dargah Committee has rejected the claims, calling them divisive and harmful to communal harmony. The case will be heard again on December 20. The 1973 Indian film Mere Gharib Nawaz , directed by G. Ishwar, centres around a family who overcomes adversities through their piety at the shrine of Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer. Other Indian films revolving around
3225-421: The dargah, while the large marble courtyard is located on its eastern side. The Arhat-i-Noor is an enclosure restricted to women that is located on the southern side and houses the tombs of Chishti's daughter and granddaughter. More than 40 graves lie behind the Jami Masjid. In 1568, Akbar donated a deeg (cauldron) to the dargah since he made a wish to donate it after winning the battle of Chittorgarh . The deeg
3300-543: The dargah. It has been estimated that around 20,000 pilgrims visit the site every day. After pilgrims exit the shrine, photographers from photo studios offer professional photos of the pilgrims at rates as cheap as ₹ 20. Most of these photographers are Hindus who migrated to Ajmer during the Partition of India . For the langar of the shrine, Akbar and Jahangir donated degh ( transl. cauldron ) in 1568 and 1614, respectively. These two degh are in use even today, as
3375-426: The deceased saint's intercession and blessing (as per tawassul , also known as dawat-e qaboor [ Persian : da‘wat-i qabũr دعوتِ قبور , " invocations of the graves or tombs"] or ‘ilm-e dawat [ Persian : ‘ilm-i da‘wat عِلمِ دعوت , "knowledge of invocations "]). Still others hold a less important view of dargahs, and simply visit as a means of paying their respects to deceased pious individuals or to pray at
3450-471: The direction. A variety of toughening mechanisms are responsible for nacre's mechanical behavior. The adhesive force needed to separate the proteinaceous and the aragonite phases is high, indicating that there are molecular interactions between the components. In laminated structures with hard and soft layers, a model system that can be applied to understand nacre, the fracture energy and fracture strength are both larger than those values characteristic of
3525-496: The dome features a lotus and a crown of gold, donated by Rampur's Nawab Haider Ali Khan. It is located in the Ihaata Noorani ( transl. Quarter of Light ) of the complex. Materials used to build it include marble, brick and sandstone. The dargah has a royal darbar, Mehfil Khana, that was constructed in 1888. It is a square structure and has a patterned ceiling. Jahanara Begum donated the dargah's left facet (Begumi Dalaan),
3600-572: The festival are sourced from Pushkar . About five lakh people, the approximate population of the city of Ajmer, come to attend the urs. About 2700 buses of pilgrims enter the city. The Indian Railways launches a special train service, the Garib Nawaz trains, to facilitate transport for pilgrims around the country. Vishram Sthali in the Kayad locality of Ajmer serves as a place for lakhs of pilgrims to stay during this time, although every kind of accommodation
3675-625: The form of Indian advertising. Anukul Charan Munshi's third son Manu Munshi was one of the finest mother of pearl artists in the middle of 20th century. As the best example of "Charu and Karu art of Bengal," the former Chief Minister of West Bengal , Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy , sent Manu's artwork, "Gandhiji's Noakhali Abhiyan", to the United States . Numerous illustrious figures, such as Satyajit Ray , Bidhan Chandra Roy , Barrister Subodh Chandra Roy, Subho Tagore , Humayun Kabir , Jehangir Kabir , as well as his elder brother Annada Munshi, were among
3750-462: The full height of the layer of nacre. They continue to grow until they meet the surrounding bricks. This produces the hexagonal close-packing characteristic of nacre. The growth of these bricks can be initiated in various ways such as from randomly scattered elements within the organic layer, well-defined arrangements of proteins, or they may expand from mineral bridges coming from the layer underneath. What sets nacre apart from fibrous aragonite,
3825-486: The graves, this is not the practice of Sufis as they do not take graves as their Qibla (direction). As for constructing structure over grave, it is refuted on the basis that the grave of Prophet Muhammad and the first two Khalifa, Abu Bakr and Umar , itself have a structure over it. To construct a building, shelter or edifice around the graves of the Auliya Allah (Friends of Allah) and Scholars of Islam or nearby
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#17329418211173900-437: The hard material only. Specifically, this structure facilitates crack deflection, since it is easier for the crack to continue into the viscoelastic and compliant organic matrix than going straight into another aragonite platelet. This results in the ductile protein phase deforming such that the crack changes directions and avoids the brittle ceramic phase. Based on experiments done on nacre-like synthetic materials , it
3975-653: The last person is out of the shrine, the qawwals recite the Karka, which is a musical verse in Sanskrit , Brij and Persian . The dargah is then locked and reopened only for the next day's pre-dawn prayer. Some attribute the influence of Islam on Indian culture to have begun from the dargah, including in Tansen 's music; the tolerance practiced by Salim Chishti , Abul Fazl and Abul Faizi ; and in Indo-Saracenic architecture . It has been
4050-549: The lives of the early Islamic saints, the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya , may have played a role in shaping Moinuddin's worldview. It was during his time in Ajmer that Moinuiddin acquired the reputation of being a charismatic and compassionate spiritual preacher and teacher; and biographical accounts of his life written after his death report that he received the gifts of many "spiritual marvels ( karāmāt ), such as miraculous travel, clairvoyance, and visions of angels" in these years of his life. Moinuddin seems to have been unanimously regarded as
4125-454: The material that drew them towards each other as the layers built up until they merged and cancelled each other out. Later layers of nacre were found to be uniform and ordered in structure. Nacre is secreted by the epithelial cells of the mantle tissue of various molluscs. The nacre is continuously deposited onto the inner surface of the shell, the iridescent nacreous layer , commonly known as mother of pearl . The layers of nacre smooth
4200-426: The mechanical properties of nacre. Theoretical and computational methods have also been developed to explain the experimental observations of nacre's mechanical behavior. Nacre is stronger under compressive loads than tensile ones when the force is applied parallel or perpendicular to the platelets. As an oriented structure, nacre is highly anisotropic and as such, its mechanical properties are also dependent on
4275-415: The nacre into a product fit for use in biomedical products. Future applications could include dental fillings and spinal surgery . In 2012, researchers created calcium-based nacre in the laboratory by mimicking its natural growth process. In 2014, researchers used lasers to create an analogue of nacre by engraving networks of wavy 3D "micro-cracks" in glass. When the slides were subjected to an impact,
4350-412: The nacre layer is formed of single crystals in a hexagonal close packing . In gastropods , crystals are twinned , and in cephalopods , they are pseudohexagonal monocrystals, which are often twinned. The main commercial sources of mother of pearl have been the pearl oyster , freshwater pearl mussels, and to a lesser extent the abalone , popular for their sturdiness and beauty in the latter half of
4425-507: The patrons of his works of art. "Indira Gandhi" was one of his famous mother of pearl works of art. He is credited with portraying Tagore in various creative stances that were skillfully carved into metallic plates. His cousin Pratip Munshi was also a famed mother of pearl artist. Mother of pearl buttons are used in clothing either for functional or decorative purposes. The Pearly Kings and Queens are an elaborate example of this. It
4500-464: The platelets has a negative effect on the mechanical performance (stiffness, strength, and energy absorption) because statistical variation precipitates localization of deformation. However, the negative effects of statistical variations can be offset by interfaces with large strain at failure accompanied by strain hardening. On the other hand, the fracture toughness of nacre increases with moderate statistical variations which creates tough regions where
4575-505: The practice of constructing shrines over graves, and consider it as associating partners with God, which is called shirk . They believe Islamic prophet Muhammad strongly condemned the practice of turning graves into places of worship and even cursed those who did so. The current Wahhabi rulers of Saudi Arabia have destroyed more than 1400-year-old grave sites of companions and ahl al-bayt including Othman , Khadija and Aisha amongst numerous others, although visiting graves
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#17329418211174650-464: The presence of the devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on the occasion of Urs , gave rise to musical genres like Qawwali and Kafi , wherein Sufi poetry is accompanied by music and sung as an offering to a murshid , a type of Sufi spiritual instructor. Today they have become a popular form of music and entertainment throughout South Asia , with exponents like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen taking their music to various parts of
4725-516: The railing around the dargah and also constructed a small platform, the Begumi Chabutra. The sanctum of the dargah has two doors. The canopy made of mother-of-pearl and silver was commissioned by Jahangir and is visible from the cenotaph 's four silver posts. The ceiling is etched with gold and in 1888, the walls were gilded . The complex has multiple structures and has eight entrance gates. However, only three of these are in use. The Nizam Gate,
4800-433: The saint. In a similar way, the later Mughal Emperor Akbar (d. 1605) visited the shrine no less than fourteen times during his reign. He also made a pilgrimage to this tomb in 1566, with his Hindu consort, Mariam-uz-Zamani barefoot in the hopes of having sons born to them. He also reconstructed the tomb's sanctum sanctorum in 1579. Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Jahanara later renovated the structure. An elegant covering over
4875-400: The shell surface and help defend the soft tissues against parasites and damaging debris by entombing them in successive layers of nacre, forming either a blister pearl attached to the interior of the shell, or a free pearl within the mantle tissues. The process is called encystation and it continues as long as the mollusc lives. The form of nacre varies from group to group. In bivalves ,
4950-417: The shrine. In the present day, the tomb of Moinuddin Chishti continues to be one of the most popular sites of religious visitation for Sunni Muslims in the Indian subcontinent, with over "hundreds of thousands of people from all over the Indian sub-continent assembling there on the occasion of [the saint's] ʿurs or death anniversary." Additionally, the site also attracts many Hindus , who have also venerated
5025-553: The sites for perceived spiritual benefits. However, dargah is originally a core concept in Islamic Sufism and holds great importance for the followers of Sufi saints . Many Muslims believe their wishes are fulfilled after they offer prayer or service at a dargah of the saint they follow. Devotees tie threads of mannat ( Persian : منّت , "grace, favour, praise") at dargahs and contribute to langar and pray at dargahs. Over time, musical offerings of dervishes and sheikhs in
5100-561: The thickness of the aragonite platelets is close to the wavelength of visible light . These structures interfere constructively and destructively with different wavelengths of light at different viewing angles, creating structural colours . The crystallographic c- axis points approximately perpendicular to the shell wall, but the direction of the other axes varies between groups. Adjacent tablets have been shown to have dramatically different c-axis orientation, generally randomly oriented within ~20° of vertical. In bivalves and cephalopods,
5175-405: The tradition to source the incense, sandalwood paste and ittar used in the dargah from a Brahmin family, right from the times of Chishti. One shrine in the dargah complex is revered by Sikhs . The death anniversary of Moinuddin Chishti, the urs , is not mourned and is celebrated since it is the very day the disciple is reunited with his maker ( Allah ). The celebrations begin with the end of
5250-637: The world. Sufi shrines are found in many Muslim communities throughout the world and are called by many names. The term dargah is common in the Persian-influenced Islamic world, notably in Iran, Turkey and South Asia. In South Africa , the term is used to describe shrines in the Durban area where there is a strong Indian presence, while the term keramat is more commonly used in Cape Town , where there
5325-503: The world. Akbar himself prepared the first dish in this deeg, tasted it and shared it with other fakirs near the dargah. The smaller deeg was donated by Jahangir as a part of family tradition. The dargah has been a site for pilgrims venerated by followers of Hinduism and Islam since medieval times. Pilgrims come here from around the world and offer chaddars (sacred sheets) to the shrine. Pilgrims also offer rose petals, which total up to seven tonnes per day. Women are allowed to enter
5400-617: Was a 13th-century Sufi saint and philosopher. Born in Sanjar (of modern-day Iran ), or in Sijistan , he arrived in Delhi during the reign of the Sultan Iltutmish (d. 1236). Moinuddin moved from Delhi to Ajmer shortly thereafter, at which point he became increasingly influenced by the writings of the famous Sunni Hanbali scholar and mystic ʿAbdallāh Anṣārī (d. 1088), whose famous work on
5475-467: Was a meeting place for Hindus and Muslims to pay respect and even to the revered Saint Mu'in al-Din Chishti . In China , the term gongbei is usually used for shrine complexes centered around a Sufi saint's tomb. There are many active dargahs open to the public worldwide where aspirants may go for a retreat. The following is a list of dargahs open to the public. The Ahl-i Hadith , Deobandi , Salafi and Wahhabi religious scholars argue against
5550-669: Was based on testimonies of 149 witnesses and 451 document submitted to his court. On 22 March 2017, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Special Court, sentenced two murderers named Bhavesh Patel and Davendra Gupta to life imprisonment, who were convicted along with Sunil Joshi, all of them ex- pracharaks of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh . Those convicted were held guilty under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, Explosives Act and various sections of Indian Penal Code . On 5 July 2022, Salman Chishti,
5625-404: Was made of an alloy of seven metals, one of which was brought from Colombo , Sri Lanka . The diameter of the deeg is 20 feet. The rim of the deeg was made in such a way that it never gets hot even while the bottom of the deeg is ignited and the food is being cooked. The deeg was brought on elephants as three separate parts and the three parts were reassembled there. This deeg is the biggest deeg in
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