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29-518: The first festival took place in July 1948. It was founded by Countess Lily Pastré , who covered the entire costs in 1948. It was made up of three or four concerts in the cour de l'Archevêché, a concert in the Saint-Sauveur cathedral , and six further concerts and recitals in various locations throughout the town. An opera was added to these concerts, Mozart 's Così fan tutte , a work practically unknown by

58-507: A Marshal of France . Beyond the Noilly Prat fortune, her family had become large landowners thanks to the dowry systems and good marriages. They were originally from Lyon before they moved to Marseille. Lily grew up in Marseille. She was raised as a Roman Catholic . As a child, she was an avid tennis player and swimmer, and learned how to play the piano. One of her brothers, Maurice,

87-749: A complete renovation of the Théâtre de l'Archevêché and thus making it the heart of the Festival. New operas were commissioned, for example the 2005 production of Julie by the Belgian composer Philippe Boesmans , based on Strindberg 's Miss Julie . In 2006, it featured concerts and operas as well as master classes. These included Wagner 's Das Rheingold conducted by Sir Simon Rattle with Sir Willard White as Wotan ; Mozart's The Magic Flute , conducted by Daniel Harding ; Rossini 's The Italian Girl in Algiers ;

116-515: A philanthropic foundation to support the arts known as Pour que l’esprit vive (May the spirit live). In particular, it was meant to support struggling artists. It was headquartered on the Canebière . During World War II, she sheltered Jewish artists in the Château Pastré, including the harpist Lily Laskine , the pianists Youra Guller and Monique Haas , the painter Rudolf Kundera , etc. She

145-457: A reinterpretation of a building from the Louis XIII period. In the facade he blended bricks from Marseille with blonde stone from Arles. These meet in rhythmic curves and counter-curves. Eugène and Céline's son Ange André Pastré (1856–1926) was made a Roman Count. He married Claire Goldschmidt around 1885, and they had four children: Odette, Diane (1888–1971), Jean André and Louis. Jean Pastré

174-613: A variety of locations, including: Lily Pastr%C3%A9 Countess Lily Pastré (a.k.a. Marie-Louise Double de Saint-Lambert ) (1891–1974) was a French heiress and patron of the arts. She sheltered many Jewish artists in her Château Pastré in Marseille during World War II. After the war, she helped establish the Aix-en-Provence Festival , an annual opera festival in Aix-en-Provence . Marie-Louise Double de Saint-Lambert

203-649: A wealthy family of Marseille shipowners and merchants. Between 1836 and 1853, the Pastré family accumulated 120 hectares (300 acres) of land between Pointe Rouge and the Grotte Rolland in the south of Marseille, which they made into a park. The natural vegetation would have been scrub, Aleppo pines, oaks, laurel and juniper. Before the Canal de Marseille was constructed to this point, the family had to go to great lengths to obtain water, with which they irrigated and created lawns in

232-647: The Berlin Philharmonic playing Mahler 's 5th Symphony ; and Pierre Boulez , conducting and on the piano and works by Henry Purcell . From 2007 the festival was directed by Bernard Foccroulle , who commissioned, among others, George Benjamin 's opera with Martin Crimp Written on Skin . Foccroulle was replaced in 2018 by Pierre Audi . In 2019, the festival had a budget of around €22 million, of which €8 million subsidies and more than 60% self-financed by ticketing and sponsoring. Performances are given in

261-552: The Château Borély , which will be adapted for the planned Museum of Decorative Arts and Fashion. The grounds are now a public park commonly known as the Campagne Pastré. Of this, 12 hectares (30 acres) are formally laid out with lawns, woods and two artificial lakes, while 100 hectares (250 acres) have more natural vegetation. The central avenue from the entrance to the chateau is over 900 metres (3,000 ft) long. Apart from

290-698: The Château Pastré in Marseille . They divorced in 1940, and she was given the château, keeping her aristocratic title. She died in 1974. After her death, her son Pierre resided in the Château Pastré. He later donated it to the City of Marseille, where it became home to the Musée de la Faïence de Marseille . Her daughter Nicole married Joachim, 7th Prince Murat and became known as Princess Murat. Ch%C3%A2teau Pastr%C3%A9 The Château Pastré ( French pronunciation: [ʃato pastʁe] ), formerly known as

319-693: The Château de Montredon ( [ʃato d(ə) mɔ̃(t)ʁ(ə)dɔ̃] ), is a 19th-century building in the Montredon suburb in the south of Marseille , France. Originally the property of the wealthy merchant Pastré family, as of 2012, it housed a local faience pottery museum, the Musée de la Faïence de Marseille . The grounds of the château are a public park, known as the Campagne Pastré. Eugène Pastré (1806–1868) and his wife Céline de Beaulincourt-Marle (1825–1900) belonged to

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348-547: The Chateau de Montredon. She turned it into a refuge for artists fleeing the Nazi regime in occupied France, of whom many were Jewish. Lily Pastré remained on good terms with the authorities, and invited them to concerts that she arranged at the chateau. At the same time, she was sheltering Jewish composers and musicians, of whom perhaps forty stayed at the chateau at different times. Norbert Glanzberg , who played piano for Édith Piaf ,

377-475: The Château Pastré, Château Sanderval and the bastide Clary. It had the Château Pastré carefully restored. Since May 1995, it has housed the Faïence Museum, and displays more than 1,500 pieces crafted during a period spanning more than 7000 years. Marseille has been chosen as the "European cultural capital" for 2013. As part of the preparation for this, the government plans to transfer the Faïence Museum to

406-420: The Festival spread throughout the town. From 1982, a broadening of the repertoire to include baroque to modern operas ( Britten and Prokofiev , in particular) characterized the era of director Louis Erlo , who gave preference to Mozart by staging new productions of his most famous works, but also the early operas written in the composer's youth. In 1998 Stéphane Lissner took over the festival, accomplishing

435-520: The French public at the time. However, it was not until 1949 that the festival became a success with its production of Don Giovanni . From inception until 1974, the festival was directed by Gabriel Dussurget who devoted much attention to the artistic and detailed aspects of the productions, which in turn attracted much attention to the festival. In 1970, Mstislav Rostropovich premiered Henri Dutilleux 's Tout un monde lointain... , now considered one of

464-422: The chateau when they took over the south of France. They arrested and killed some of the guests found at the chateau. After the war, Countess Lily contributed to the foundation of the Aix-en-Provence Festival of music and arts. She died in 1974, having spent her entire fortune helping others, much of it during the war. Between 1966 and 1987, the city of Marseille bought almost all of the property, including

493-576: The entire costs. She hired Hans Rosbaud as well as a German orchestra, even though it was only three years after the war. She also hired the pianists Clara Haskil and Jean Doyen , the soprano Maria Stader , and the Quartetto Italiano . However, by 1949, she stopped serving on the Board of Trustees of the festival, due to disagreements with the President of the festival, Gabriel Dussurget , who wanted

522-483: The festival to become more professional. She donated a parcel of land next to her Château Pastré to Emmaüs , a Catholic organization for the homeless. In 1918, she married Count Jean Pastré , an aristocrat and polo player who went on to play polo at the 1924 Summer Olympics . She received the title "Countess" via her marriage. They had three children: Nadia, Nicole and Pierre. They resided in Paris and summered at

551-496: The lakes, the park includes playgrounds, canal areas and hiking trails. The gardens are decorated with statues. From a steep hill, visitors have views of Marseille. The entire forested area of the park is part of the Calanques World Heritage Site . In 2021, the association Pour Que Marseille Vive proposed to rehabilitate the Château Pastré by installing an artists' incubator and a cultural place there. The project

580-462: The lower levels with gardens of vines, cereals and orchards of almonds, figs and apricot. The Pastrés had three large houses built in the park between 1845 and 1865: the Château Estrangin, Château Pastré and Château Sanderval. The Parisian architect Jean-Charles Danjoy designed the Château Pastré, the largest of the buildings, completed in 1862. The three-story building was designed to meet

609-447: The most important additions to the cello repertoire of the 20th century, at the festival. Under the direction of Bernard Lefort from 1974 to 1982, the Festival became devoted to bel canto opera and, in general, a celebration of the voice. Performances of 19th century operas by Verdi and Donizetti were given by the reigning stars of bel canto such as Montserrat Caballé , José Carreras , Marilyn Horne , and Katia Ricciarelli , and

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638-497: The needs of its owners for a place where they could hold entertainments for many people. The Nouvelle Revue in its gossip section Chronique de L'Élégance in 1884, described a play being presented at the home of Mme Pastre. The chateau is located between the hills of Marseilleveyre and the Mediterranean Sea , with large windows looking out over the park. The exterior design is elegant and warm. Jean Danjoy chose to design

667-649: Was also asked by her friend Édith Piaf to shelter her Jewish lover, Norbert Glanzberg , and she agreed to do so. Moreover, she arranged for the pianist Clara Haskil to receive medical care and then escape to Vevey , in Switzerland. She also hosted the cellist Pablo Casals , the dancer Josephine Baker , Samson François , Darius Milhaud , Georges Auric , André Masson , Paul Valéry , Lanza del Vasto , André Roussin , Victor Brauner , Luc Dietrich , Marcel Brion , Gérard Bauër , Raoul Dufy , etc. On July 29, 1942, A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare

696-491: Was born Louise Double de Saint Lambert in 1891. Her mother Véra Magnan was partly Russian, and was granddaughter of Bernard Pierre Magnan , a Marshal of France . Her father was Paul Double (1868–1935), son of Léon Double and Marie Prat (1849–1939). Marie Prat was the daughter of Claudius Prat (1814–1859), the co-founder of Noilly Prat . Countess Lily Pastre inherited the Noilly Prat vermouth fortune. After Countess Lily and Jean Pastré divorced in 1940, she continued to live at

725-410: Was born in 1891 at 167 rue Paradis in Marseille . Her father was Paul Double (1868-1935). Her paternal grandparents were Léon Double and Marie Prat (1849-1939), whose father, Claudius Prat (1814-1859), was the co-founder of Noilly Prat . She was thus an heiress to the Noilly Prat vermouth fortune. Her mother, Véra Magnan, was Russian. Her maternal great-grandfather was Bernard Pierre Magnan ,

754-403: Was born on 2 December 1888, in Marseille, and inherited the title of "Count". In 1918, he married Louise (Lily) Double. The couple had three children. Jean Pastré played on France's polo team in the 1924 Summer Olympic games. He died in Paris on 29 June 1960 at the age of 71. Their daughter Nadia Pastré helped in the escape lines for Allied prisoners during World War II . Countess Lily Pastré

783-575: Was hidden at the chateau at the singer's request. The Spanish cellist Pablo Casals and the American entertainer Josephine Baker both stayed at the chateau for a while, as did the pianist Clara Haskil . On 27 July 1942, Pastre arranged for a performance of A Midsummer Night's Dream at the chateau. A young Christian Dior made the costumes from the draperies of the chateau. The Orchèstre National de la Radiodiffusion Française, conducted by Manuel Rosenthal , provided music. The Germans occupied part of

812-661: Was killed during the First World War in 1916. In the 1920s, she was a member of many society salons in Paris, including Marie-Blanche de Polignac 's. It was there that she met many artists started supporting them, including Henri Sauguet . She appeared in Man Ray 's 1929 film set at the Villa Noailles , Les Mystères du Château de Dé . She also attended the opera festivals in Bayreuth and Salzburg . In 1940, she established

841-421: Was performed on the estate. The directors were Jean Walls and Boris Kochno , the costume designer was Christian Bérard , the composer was Jacques Ibert and the conductor was Manuel Rosenthal . Ninety percent of the orchestra were Jewish. The performance was covered by Le Figaro . In 1948, she helped establish the Aix-en-Provence Festival , an annual opera festival in Aix-en-Provence , by covering

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