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59-404: Airport Carbon Accreditation is a global carbon management programme for airports that independently assesses and recognises airports' efforts to manage and reduce their CO 2 emissions. Aircraft emissions, which are many times greater than airport emissions, are not included in the programme. The airport industry accounts for 5% of the air transport sector’s total carbon emissions. The programme

118-501: A carbon tax ) to discourage bad behaviour." Speaking at the 5th annual World Pensions Forum held on the sidelines of the COP21 Summit, Earth Institute Director Jeffrey Sachs argued that institutional investors would eventually divest from carbon-reliant firms if they could not react to political and regulatory efforts to halt climate change: "Every energy company in a pension fund 's portfolio needs to be scrutinized from purely

177-540: A 2 °C target. Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council (WPC) argued that the keys to success lay in convincing officials in the U.S. and China, by far the two largest national emitters: "As long as policy makers in Washington and Beijing didn't put all their political capital behind the adoption of ambitious carbon-emission capping targets, the laudable efforts of other G20 governments often remained in

236-417: A dead planet". The location of UNFCCC talks is rotated by regions throughout United Nations countries. The 2015 conference was held at Le Bourget from 30 November to 12 December 2015. To some extent, France served as a model country for delegates attending COP21 because it is one of the few developed countries in the world to decarbonize electricity production and fossil fuel energy while still providing

295-554: A financial view about its future, 'Why is this [a company] we would want to hold over a five- to 20-year period?'... If we continue to hold major energy companies that don't have an answer to a basic financial test, we are just gambling. We have to take a fiduciary responsibility – these are not good bets." Some US policy makers concurred, notably Al Gore , insisting that "no agreement is perfect, and this one must be strengthened over time, but groups across every sector of society will now begin to reduce dangerous carbon pollution through

354-450: A global agreement, by 1 October 2015. These commitments are known as Intended Nationally Determined Contributions or INDCs. Together, the INDCs would reduce global warming from an estimated 4–5 °C (by 2100) to 2.7 °C, and reduce emissions per capita by 9% by 2030, while providing hope in the eyes of the conference organizers for further reductions in the future that would allow meeting

413-513: A high standard of living. As of 2012, France generated over 90% of its electricity from zero carbon sources, including nuclear, hydroelectric, and wind. The conference took place two weeks after a series of terrorist attacks in the 10th and 11th Arrondissements of Paris, as well as in Saint-Denis . Martial law was declared and national security was tightened accordingly, with 30,000 police officers and 285 security checkpoints deployed across

472-566: A new pledge, doubling the one made during COP21. They committed to 100 carbon neutral airports by 2030. Over 20 airport operator companies signed the new commitment, among which: Groupe ADP, AENA, Aeroporto di Bologna , Aeroport Brest Bretagne, Aeroports de la Côte d'Azur, Bristol Airport , Brussels Airport , Finavia , Heathrow Airport , London City Airport , Geneva Airport , Munich Airport , Aeroporto Internazionale di Napoli, Aeroport Quimper Bretagne, Schiphol Group and Zurich Airport . The Airport Carbon Accreditation programme has gathered

531-582: A number of notable climate-action awards. In 2013, the programme reached Top 3 in the World You Like competition, a contest in which businesses, NGOs and local authorities can participate by showcasing their climate-friendly solutions, run by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Climate Action . The Airport Carbon Accreditation programme was chosen out of 269 low carbon projects in Europe – and

590-523: A process evaluating the progress made on the Paris Agreement. The assessment exposed that the current attempts are insufficient to limit the global warming to the target of 1.5°C, highlighting the need for accelerated climate action. There were strong emphases on the need for more climate finance and collaboration to reach climate goals during the conference. The Agreement will not become binding on its member states until 55 parties who produce over 55% of

649-552: Is a non-profit organisation. It is led by their non executive-general Olivier Jankovec, and has a team of 25 full-time staff. Its offices are in the Square de Meeûs, Brussels, Belgium. As one of the regional bodies within the global family that constitutes Airports Council International , ACI EUROPE is in regular contact with its sister organisations, including Airports Council International , ACI NORTH AMERICA, ACI ASIA-PACIFIC, ACI LATIN-AMERICA & CARIBBEAN and ACI AFRICA. ACI EUROPE

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708-1043: Is fully supportive of the Single European Sky project, and participates fully as the representative of European airports. Communiqué AIRPORT BUSINESS magazine is ACI EUROPE's quarterly magazine, containing policy and commercial news regarding airports primarily based in Europe. Traffic reports are published on a monthly basis, outlining the performance of the European aviation industry, from an aggregate level and to an individual airport level. ACI EUROPE also produces special editions of Airport Business for major airports in Europe. Special editions typically provide an overview of specific airports, consisting of interviews with senior members of staff on relevant topics. There are four different types of memberships available. Presently ACI EUROPE has: 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference , COP 21 or CMP 11

767-537: Is overseen by an independent Advisory Board, members of which include representatives of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC), the European Commission , EUROCONTROL , Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Manchester Metropolitan University . On 30 November 2011 it

826-594: The Bonn Climate Change Conference, 19 to 23 October 2015, which produced a draft agreement. Global carbon dioxide emissions by country in 2015. According to the organizing committee of the summit in Paris, the objective of the 2015 conference was to achieve, for the first time in over 20 years of UN negotiations, a binding and universal agreement on climate. Pope Francis published an encyclical letter called Laudato si' intended, in part, to influence

885-526: The EU suggested INDC is a commitment to a 40 percent reduction in emissions by 2030 compared to 1990. The agreement establishes a " global stocktake " which revisits the national goals to "update and enhance" them every five years beginning 2023. However, no detailed timetable or country-specific goals for emissions were incorporated into the Paris Agreement – as opposed to the previous Kyoto Protocol . A number of meetings took place in preparation for COP21, including

944-559: The Global Climate March organized by 350.org (and other events such as Alternatiba, Village of Alternatives ). Paris had a ban on public gatherings in the wake of recent terrorist attacks ( state of emergency ), but allowed thousands to demonstrate on 12 December against what they felt was a too-weak treaty. There was also an illegal demonstration in Paris, including violent clashes between police and anarchists; ten policemen were injured and 317 people arrested. On 30 November,

1003-488: The Regional Airports’ Forum . These fora address commercial concerns and the interests of smaller regional airports respectively. The Policy Outlook states that the aviation industry remains constrained by antiquated rules restricting market access and airline investment. The document supports the liberalisation of the European aviation market, and notes that the number of air routes has increased by 170% since

1062-527: The aviation industry, relative to other regions of the globe. As a result, many of ACI EUROPE's policy concerns reflect those of the various decision making institutions of the European Union, alongside the concerns of the wider aviation industry. Individual issues vary according to political and industry developments, however ACI EUROPE has six committees which address broad policy areas: In addition ACI EUROPE has two fora – The Commercial Forum and

1121-753: The 23 certified airports in the North America region currently account for 32.6% of air passenger traffic in North America. There are currently 6 certified airports in the region of Latin American and Caribbean. The latest entrants are Guayaquil Airport in Ecuador and El Dorado Airport in Colombia. 4 of them at Level 1 Mapping, and the other 2 actively reducing their emissions, certified at Level 2 Reduction. Airport emissions have been reduced by 55,633 tonnes of CO 2 in Year 1 of

1180-619: The Airport Carbon Accreditation programme celebrated two important milestones in its story: its 5th anniversary together with crossing the threshold of 100 airports participating in the programme. Shortly thereafter, in fall 2014, the programme became global, with its official launch in North America, followed by its introduction in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. Having already achieved significant results in 5 continents,

1239-705: The Airports Association Coordinating Council (AACC) in 1970. WEAA disbanded fully in 1985, while AOCI and ICAA remained in existence within the AACC until the Constitution of the new ACI was approved in the autumn on 1990 and came fully into effect on January 1, 1991. Much of the ACI EUROPE membership is located within the European Union , which has a highly active regulatory environment concerning

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1298-539: The Conference, the European airport industry committed to increasing the number of carbon neutral airports to 50 by 2030. Following the announcement of this commitment, ACI EUROPE and the carbon standard Airport Carbon Accreditation signed a partnership with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), at a special side event. The partnership agreement committed ACI to supporting

1357-417: The European Commission, in very positive terms as one of the innovative initiatives of the airport industry to tackle environmental challenges. As of 2017, 192 airports across the world are certified at one of the four levels of Airport Carbon Accreditation. These airports handle 2.7 billion passengers a year, 38.4% of global air passenger traffic. 35 airports are carbon neutral – the latest to reach this level

1416-597: The Paris Agreement are implicitly "predicated upon an assumption – that member states of the United Nations , including high polluters such as China, US, India, Canada, Russia, Indonesia and Australia, which generate more than half the world's greenhouse gas emissions, will somehow drive down their carbon pollution voluntarily and assiduously without any binding enforcement mechanism to measure and control CO 2 emissions at any level from factory to state, and without any specific penalty gradation or fiscal pressure (for example

1475-464: The UNFCCC's 'Climate Neutral Now' campaign, while the UNFCCC would support airport climate action at airports, with a particular focus on carbon management by airports through Airport Carbon Accreditation . The organisations agreed also to develop a common work programme and communications plan promoting carbon neutrality at airports. In June 2017, at ACI EUROPE's 27th Annual Congress, European airports made

1534-542: The actions of its committees, ACI EUROPE is involved in several specific initiatives which seek to further its policy interests. Airport Carbon Accreditation is the European carbon standard for airports. Airport Collaborative Decision Making(A-CDM) is a joint venture between ACI EUROPE , EUROCONTROL and the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation which aims to improve the operational efficiency of all airport operators. ACI EUROPE

1593-413: The amount will be voluntary. There will be neither a mechanism to force a country to set a target by a specific date nor enforcement measures if a set target is not met. There will be only a "name and shame" system or, as János Pásztor , the U.N. assistant secretary-general on climate change, told CBS News , a "name and encourage" plan. Some analysts have also observed that the stated objectives of

1652-634: The basis of supporting evidence. Claims regarding airports' carbon management processes are also independently verified by a group of 117 independent verifiers, based in 36 countries. The initiative is a direct consequence of the resolution on Climate Change adopted in June 2008 by the ACI EUROPE annual assembly, and has been endorsed by both the European Civil Aviation Conference and EUROCONTROL . The administration of Airport Carbon Accreditation

1711-465: The closing briefing at the 2012 Doha conference : "The current pledges under the second commitment period of the Kyoto protocol are clearly not enough to guarantee that the temperature will stay below 2 °C and there is an ever increasing gap between the action of countries and what the science tells us." During previous climate negotiations, countries agreed to outline actions they intended to take within

1770-448: The conference. The encyclical calls for action against climate change: "Humanity is called to recognize the need for changes of lifestyle, production and consumption, in order to combat this warming or at least the human causes which produce or aggravate it." The International Trade Union Confederation has called for the goal to be "zero carbon, zero poverty", and its general secretary Sharan Burrow has repeated that there are "no jobs on

1829-474: The cost would be borne by French firms such as EDF , Engie (formerly known as GDF Suez), Air France , Renault-Nissan and BNP Paribas . Sponsors were among others BMW , Avery Dennison , Carbon Trade Exchange, Cool Effect , The Coca-Cola Company , the Climate Resources Exchange and Vattenfall . Around the world, 600,000 took part in demonstrations in favour of a strong agreement, such as

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1888-456: The country until after the conference ended. The European Union and 195 nations ( see list in reference ) were the participating parties. The overarching goal of the Convention is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the global temperature increase. Since COP 17 this increase is set at 2 °C (3.6 °F) above pre-industrial levels. However, Christiana Figueres acknowledged in

1947-542: The creation of the single aviation market in 1993. This has facilitated the integration of new accession states into the EU. However remaining government-to-government restrictions on air routes, capacity, pricing and airline ownership and control need to be lifted beyond the EU. In particular regional airports and the communities they support would benefit greatly from the resulting increased opportunities for global connectivity. As well as additional routes, freer competition would allow

2006-407: The framework of this agreement." As is usual before such major conferences, major NGOs and groups of governments have drafted and published a wide variety of declarations they intend to seek a consensus on, at the Paris conference itself. These include at least the following major efforts: The conference was budgeted to cost € 170m ( US$ 186.87m at the time). The French government said that 20% of

2065-574: The initiative "is playing a crucial role in helping move European aviation onto a more sustainable footing." The programme has expanded beyond Europe on 30 November 2011, having been formally extended to the Asia-Pacific region at ACI Airport Exchange conference in Abu Dhabi, organised by ACI ASIA-PACIFIC. The first airport to become accredited within this region was Abu Dhabi International Airport which achieved 'Mapping' level. Since then, 38 airports from

2124-824: The jump from Level 2 Reduction, to Level 3 Optimisation. Madeira , Marseille and Porto Santo airports have moved up to Level 2 Reduction while Switzerland's Bern Airport became the latest newcomer in Europe, entering the programme at Level 1 Mapping. Delhi 's Indira Gandhi International Airport was the first carbon neutral airport in Asia-Pacific region. There are now 38 carbon neutral airports with recent entrants including Gold Coast Airport and Hobart International (both in Australia) as well as Muscat International Airport and Nadi International Airport (Fiji) – which have all started their journey to active carbon management, becoming accredited at Level 1 Mapping. Mumbai International Airport and Bangalore International Airport are

2183-530: The latest airports to become carbon neutral in the region. Recent months have seen several new airports come on board, nearly doubling the participation on the African continent. Cape Town International , King Shaka International (Durban), Port Elizabeth International and O.R. Tambo International (Johannesburg) – 4 airports in South Africa have all successfully entered the programme at Level 1 Mapping. This brings

2242-417: The launch of Airport Carbon Accreditation in this region, in partnership with ACI Latin America & the Caribbean, marked the decisive moment when the programme became the global standard for carbon management at airports. In 2015, a new interactive website, www.airportco2.org, was launched at the end of Year 6 of Airport Carbon Accreditation – the year of the global expansion of the programme. This microsite

2301-687: The method for reducing greenhouse gas. In the 12-page document, the members agreed to reduce their carbon output "as soon as possible" and to do their best to keep global warming "to well below 2 degrees C". In the course of the debates, island states of the Pacific, the Seychelles, but also the Philippines, their very existence threatened by sea level rise, had strongly voted for setting a goal of 1.5 °C instead of only 2 °C. France's Foreign Minister, Laurent Fabius , said this "ambitious and balanced" plan

2360-537: The more efficient use of scarce slots and reduce dependency upon single carriers. Therefore, restrictive bilateral air service agreements and inadequate slot allocation policies should be abolished. ACI EUROPE supports the European Commission 's efforts to fully liberalise international air services agreements at an EU level and in its Policy Outlook suggests that priority should be given to: ACI EUROPE states that European airports are willing to participate directly in international aviation negotiations. In addition to

2419-677: The only transport project in the Top 3. It was recognised as an efficient and innovative climate solution that is making a real difference in helping airports address their CO 2 emissions. In May 2014, the airport industry's efforts to address its carbon emissions received the Highly Commended prize at the annual global International Transport Forum (ITF) Awards issued by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The voluntary climate change initiative Airport Carbon Accreditation

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2478-436: The organizing committee at the outset of the talks, the expected key result was an agreement to set a goal of limiting global warming to "well below 2 °C" Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. The agreement calls for zero net anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to be reached during the second half of the 21st century. In the adopted version of the Paris Agreement, the parties will also "pursue efforts to" limit

2537-399: The programme and 55,501 tonnes in Year 2, and 77,782 tonnes in Year 3 as a result. Year 4 of the programme had a CO 2 reduction of 110,003 tonnes - enough to power 45,949 households for a year. If 31,894 cars were removed from the roads for one year, it would enable a reduction close to the one achieved by Airport Carbon Accreditation's participants in Year 5. From July 2014 to June 2015,

2596-501: The programme has allowed a reduction comparable to the annual CO 2 sequestered by 1,496 acres of forest. We could have powered almost twice as many households as compared to the year 4 result in the sixth consecutive year of the programme. Following years are bound to beat these figures, with a number of accredited airports at high levels rising. [REDACTED] Media related to Airport Carbon Accreditation at Wikimedia Commons Airports Council International Europe ACI EUROPE

2655-723: The realm of pious wishes. Things changed for the better on 12 November 2014 when President Obama and General Secretary Xi Jinping agreed to limit greenhouse gases emissions." President Obama insisted on America's essential role in that regard: "We've led by example ... from Alaska to the Gulf Coast to the Great Plains ... we've seen the longest streak of private job creation in our history. We've driven our economic output to all time-highs while driving our carbon pollution down to its lowest level in nearly two decades. And then, with our historic joint announcement with China last year, we showed it

2714-610: The region joined the community of accredited airports. The programme was further extended with the African region of ACI joining the community in June 2013. The launch of Airport Carbon Accreditation in Africa was coupled with the official certification of the first African airport to the programme, Enfidha-Hammamet International Airport in Tunisia, which was certified at the 'Mapping' level. In June 2014, at ACI EUROPE's Annual Congress in Frankfurt

2773-440: The temperature increase to 1.5 °C. The 1.5 °C goal will require zero emissions sometime between 2030 and 2050, according to some scientists. Prior to the conference, 146 national climate panels publicly presented a draft of national climate contributions (called " Intended Nationally Determined Contributions ", INDCs). These suggested commitments were estimated to limit global warming to 2.7 °C by 2100. For example,

2832-561: The text of which represented a consensus of the representatives of the 196 attending parties. The agreement was due to enter into force when joined by at least 55 countries which together represented at least 55 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions., a target reached on 4 November 2016. On 22 April 2016 ( Earth Day ), 174 countries signed the agreement in New York, and began adopting it within their own legal systems (through ratification , acceptance, approval, or accession). According to

2891-418: The total number of African airports in the programme up to 9. Another key development was the successful upgrade of Felix Houphouet Boigny International Airport (Abidjan) to Level 3+ Carbon Neutrality. This is the first African airport to ever scale this high in the Airport Carbon Accreditation scheme. In North America, 23 airports have become certified. The latest entry was made by Van Nuys Airport . In all,

2950-553: The world's greenhouse gas have ratified the Agreement. There is doubt whether some countries, especially the United States, will agree to do so, though the United States publicly committed, in a joint Presidential Statement with China, to joining the Agreement in 2016. Each country that ratifies the agreement will be required to set a target for emission reduction or limitation, called a "nationally determined contribution", or NDC, but

3009-481: Was Helsinki Airport . There are now 28 carbon neutral airports in Europe, 5 in Asia, 1 in North America and 1 in Africa. In Europe, there are now 116 airports participating in the programme, 51 of which are at the top 2 levels of the programme. Helsinki Airport was the latest airports to reach carbon neutrality in the region. The other recent movers within the programme are Düsseldorf and Naples airports – each of which make

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3068-541: Was an "historic turning point" in the goal of reducing global warming. However, some others criticized the fact that significant sections are "promises" or aims and not firm commitments by the countries. On 4th June 2024, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) opened in Dubai, marking an important event in the timeline of the Paris Agreement. The conference concluded the global stocktake,

3127-708: Was announced that the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was also formally supporting the programme, and taking a seat on the independent advisory board. In addition to European Commission participation on the Advisory Board, the then European Commission Vice President responsible for Transport Siim Kallas has strongly supported the scheme, participating in the presentation of accreditation certificates at several European Airports, including Charles de Gaulle , Orly , Brussels and Budapest Airports. He has also stated that he believes

3186-547: Was created to promote the programme in more accessible language and to communicate the annual results achieved by participating airports. It continues to present key figures from the programme, both globally and per region, in a more visual and engaging way. The COP21 Conference in Paris in December 2015 was an important milestone for the Airport Carbon Accreditation programme. On the occasion of its presentation at

3245-480: Was formed in 1990, as part of a wider development which saw the creation of Airports Council International . European Airports had previously been represented by the Western European Airports Association (WEAA), which was integrated with two other international airport representative bodies – Airports Operators Council International (AOCI) and International Civil Airports Association (ICAA) into

3304-619: Was held in Paris, France, from 30 November to 12 December 2015. It was the 21st yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 11th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol . The conference negotiated the Paris Agreement , a global agreement on the reduction of climate change ,

3363-416: Was launched by European airports' trade body ACI EUROPE at their Annual Congress in June 2009. It is independently administered by WSP , an international consultancy firm. The programme provides airports with a common framework for active carbon management with measurable goal-posts. Individual airport carbon footprints are independently verified in accordance with ISO 14064 (Greenhouse Gas Accounting) on

3422-552: Was named as one of two runners-up for the ITF's Transport Achievement Award. Only a month later, in June 2015, the animation "Life is about Movement", created to highlight the essence of the programme, was awarded the Gold Totem prize in the "Businesses & Eco-Performances" category at the 4th Deauville Green Awards 2015. In 2016, Airport Carbon Accreditation was featured in the first ever European Aviation Environmental Report, published by

3481-451: Was possible to bridge the old divide between developed and developing nations that had stymied global progress for so long ... That was the foundation for success in Paris." Harvard University published a case study on one aspect of the negotiations, focussing on the protection of forests. On 12 December 2015, the participating 196 countries agreed, by consensus, to the final global pact, the Paris Agreement , to reduce emissions as part of

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