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18-606: Aïn Madhi is the birthplace of Ahmad al-Tijani , founder of the Tijaniyyah Sufi order and film director and politician Nadia Labidi . 33°48′N 2°18′E  /  33.800°N 2.300°E  / 33.800; 2.300 This article about a location in Laghouat Province is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ahmad al-Tijani Abū al-ʻAbbās Ahmad ibn Muhammad at-Tijāniyy or Ahmed Tijani ( Arabic : أحمد التجاني , 1735–1815),

36-520: A dominant qutb (pole) or scholar within the Sufi orders in the region. Tijani left Mecca and returned to Cairo where he got al-Kurdi's blessing to preach the Khalwatiyya order. From Cairo he settled at Tlemcen for a couple of years. Tijani later settled at Boussemghoun , an oasis seventy five miles south of El Bayadh . It was at Samghun that Tijani received a vision from the prophet who told him to start

54-530: A new Sufi order. He left his previous affiliations with other Sufi orders and claimed divine instructions from prophet Mohammed, Thus, the year 1781 marks the beginning of the Tijaniyya order. Tijani's order soon gained attraction in the desert regions surrounding Abi Samghun. Shaykh Tijani lived in Abi Samghun for about fifteen years. In 1796 he went to Fez . In Fez, Tijani was well received by Mawlay Sulayman ,

72-546: A notable style of writing in Persian, which is full of novel spiritual ideas and metaphors, demonstrating a need to refrain from taking its words literally, if such should seem contrary to the teachings of Islam. The cosmic Qutb is the Axis of the Universe in a higher dimension from which originates the power (ultimately from Allah ) of the temporal Qutb. The cosmic hierarchy forms

90-457: A select group of mystics because there is a "human need for direct knowledge of God". According to the Institute of Ismaili Studies, "In mystical literature, such as the writings of al–Tirmidhi, Abd al–Razzaq and Ibn Arabi (d. 1240), [Qutb] refers to the most perfect human being who is thought to be the universal leader of all saints, to mediate between the divine and the human and whose presence

108-444: A spiritual symbol. In Sufism , a Qutb is the perfect human being, al-Insān al-Kāmil ('The Universal Man'), who leads the saintly hierarchy. The Qutb is the Sufi spiritual leader who has a divine connection with God and passes knowledge on which makes him central to, or the axis of, Sufism, but he is unknown to the world. There are five Qutbs per era, and they are infallible and trusted spiritual leaders. They are only revealed to

126-592: A year at Tunis where he achieved some success. He left Tunis for Egypt where he met Mahmud al-Kurdi of the Khalwati order in Cairo. Tijani reached Mecca in late 1773 and performed hajj rites. In his quest to seek a Sufi way of life, he met Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah El Hindi, who rarely saw people except for his servant. He also met Abd-karim al-Sammman, founder of the Sammaniyya branch of Khalwati. Al-Samman told Tijani he will become

144-587: Is deemed necessary for the existence of the world." In the teachings of Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi , there is evidence to suggest that the Qutb is the head of the saintly hierarchy which provides scriptural evidence to support the belief in the qutb. The hadīth attributed to Ibn Mas‘ūd has been used as proof that a qutb exists. There are two different conceptions of the Qutb in Sufism: temporal Qutb and cosmic Qutb. The temporal and cosmic qutb are connected, which guarantees that God

162-499: Is present in the world at all times. The temporal qutb is known as "the helper" or al-ghawth and is located in a person on Earth. The cosmic qutb is manifested in the temporal qutb as a virtue which can be traced back to al-Hallaj . The temporal qutb is the spiritual leader for the earth-bound saints. It is said that all beings - secret, animate, and inanimate - must give the qutb their pledge which gives him great authority. The Only beings exempt from this are al-afrād , which belong to

180-526: Is quoted as saying The bounties that flow from the Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him) are received by the natures of the prophets, and everything that flows and emerges from the natures of the Prophets is received by my own nature, and from me it is distributed to all creatures from the origin of the world until the blowing on the trumpet... No saint drinks or provides water to drink, except from our ocean, from

198-568: The Qadiriyya , the Nasiriyya, and the tariqa of Ahmad al-Habib b. Muhammed. In Fez, he met a seer who told him he would achieve spiritual revelation (fath). Thereafter, he left Fez to teach at al-Abiad , spending five years at the village. In 1772, he began a journey to Mecca for hajj and to seek a Sufi way of life. During his journey, he was initiated into the Khalwati order at Azwawi. He later taught for

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216-518: The Moroccan Sultan. Though Sulayman disliked other Sufi orders, he provided Tijani a house and appointed him as a member of his learned council. At first, Tijani chose the mosque of Mawlay Idris to pray but performed the rites of the Tijani order in his house. Tijani later built his own zawiya . In Fez, he sent his trusted aides to spread the word of his order. Trusted aides such as Abu Hafs' Abdul-Rahman

234-513: The angels; the djinn , who are under the jurisdiction of Khadir ; and those who belong to the tenth stratum of ridjālal-ghayb . Due to the nature of the Qutb, the location where he resides, whether temporal or cosmic, is a matter of learned speculation. It is thought by most that the Qutb is corporeally or spiritually present in Mecca at the Ka'ba , which is referred to as his maqām . Sufi language forms

252-411: The manifestation of the way in which spiritual power underpins the existence of the cosmos. Two descriptions of the hierarchy come from notable Sufis. The first is Ali Hujwiri 's divine court. There are three hundred akhyār ("excellent ones"), forty abdāl ("substitutes"), seven abrār ("piously devoted ones"), four awtād ("pillars") three nuqabā ("leaders") and one qutb. The second version

270-485: The origin of the world until the blowing on the trumpet... 'The spirit of the Prophet and my spirit are like this' – pointing with his two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger. 'His spirit supports the Messengers and the Prophets and my spirit supports the poles, the sages, the saints, from pre-existence to eternity (mina al-azal ila abad)... These two feet of mine are upon the neck of every saint of Allah, from

288-1001: The time of Adam until the blowing of the trumpet... 'Our station in the Presence of Allah in the Hereafter will not be attained by any of the saints, and it will not be approached by anyone, whether his importance is great or small. Of all the saints among from the very beginning of creation until the blowing on the trumpet, there is not one who will attain to my station. The greater part of the life and teaching of Shaykh Tijani can be drawn from two primary hagiographical works: Later hagiographies tend to be works of compilation drawn from these two primary sources. Such hagiographies are: Most of what we know about Shaykh Tijani comes from these books. Qutb Others In terms of Ihsan : Qutb , Qutub , Kutb , Kutub or Kotb ( Arabic : قطب ) means 'axis', 'pivot' or 'pole'. Qutb can refer to celestial movements and be used as an astronomical term or

306-848: Was an Algerian Sharif who founded the Tijaniyyah tariqa (Sufi order). Tijani was born in 1735 in Aïn Madhi, the son of Muhammad al-Mukhtar. He traced his descent according to the Berber custom, to his mother's tribe, Tijania . When he was sixteen, Tijani lost both parents as a result of a plague. By then he was already married. He learned Quran under the tutelage of Mohammed Ba'afiyya in Aïn Madhi and also studied Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi 's Islamic jusrispudence works that were written under Malikite rites. He also studied Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī 's Risala ila al-sufiyya. In 1757, Tijani left his village for Fez . While there, he joined three Sufi brotherhoods,

324-665: Was sent to Oran and Algiers and Abdul-Salam al-Waghiri to Constantine, Algeria . Further muqaddams were appointed among learned converts including Muhammad Fuwadir al-Abdallawi in the Jarid district of Tunisia and Muhammed al-Hafiz in Mauritania. Tijani assigned to himself the title of Qutb al-Aqtab (or the Pole of the Poles) and Khatm al-Walayya al-Muhammadiyya (or the Seal of Muhammadan Sainthood). He

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