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68-460: Yasunori Shimura ( 志村 康徳 , Shimura Yasunori , February 20, 1950 – March 29, 2020) , known professionally as Ken Shimura ( 志村 けん , Shimura Ken ) , was a Japanese comedian . He was born in Higashimurayama, Tokyo . He started his career as an assistant to the comedy band The Drifters , led by Chōsuke Ikariya . In 1974, He joined the group, replacing Chū Arai. He appeared as members of

136-508: A ventilator on the following day. Then, on 23 March it was confirmed that he had COVID-19 . He was the first Japanese tarento to have his COVID-19 diagnosis made public during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan . On 24 March, Shimura was transferred to a hospital where ECMO was available. He had been scheduled to star in the film It's a Flickering Life  [ ja ] , but his participation

204-671: A 3D-printed open-source prototype device called VentilAid. The makers describe it as a last resort device when professional equipment is missing. The design is publicly available. The first Ventilaid prototype requires compressed air to run. On March 21, 2020, the New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) began maintaining a strategic list of open source designs being worked on. The NECSI project considers manufacturing capability, medical safety and need for treating patients in various conditions, speed dealing with legal and political issues, logistics and supply. NECSI

272-1261: A Hollywood supply of comedians to draw from, radio comedy did not begin in the United Kingdom until a generation later, with such popular 1950s shows as The Goon Show and Hancock's Half Hour . Later, radio became a proving-ground for many later United Kingdom comedians. Chris Morris began his career in 1986 at Radio Cambridgeshire , and Ricky Gervais began his comedy career in 1997 at London radio station XFM . The League of Gentlemen , Mitchell and Webb and The Mighty Boosh all transferred to television after broadcasting on BBC Radio 4 . On television there are comedy talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include Jay Leno , Conan O'Brien , Graham Norton , Jim Jefferies , James Corden , John Oliver , Jonathan Ross , David Letterman , and Chelsea Handler . There are sketch comedies, such as Mr. Show with Bob and David and Monty Python who created their sketch comedy show Monty Python's Flying Circus (a BBC show that influenced Saturday Night Live ), and sitcoms, such as Roseanne , Only Fools and Horses , and Not Going Out , as well as popular panel shows like The Big Fat Quiz of

340-414: A comic author, and playwright, wrote ancient comedic plays. He wrote 40 comedies, 11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes' comedy style took the form of satyr plays . The English poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has a happy ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that

408-585: A comic's career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award (formerly the Perrier comedy award). Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, where they become more widely known (e.g., Eddie Izzard , Lee Evans ). A comic's stand-up success does not always correlate to a film's critical or box-office success. Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when Aristophanes ,

476-403: A distinction between how much of the comedy can be attributed to verbal content and how much to acting and persona. Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy , has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and experimental style. This normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting (e.g., Alexei Sayle , Daniel Tosh , Malcolm Hardee ). As far as content

544-630: A familiar piece of medical equipment. The unit was sold as the Bird Mark 7 Respirator and informally called the "Bird". It was a pneumatic device and therefore required no electrical power source to operate. In 1965, the Army Emergency Respirator was developed in collaboration with the Harry Diamond Laboratories (now part of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory ) and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research . Its design incorporated

612-433: A fellow member of the group, Shimura Ken no Daijōbu-dā ( 志村けんのだいじょうぶだぁ ) ," and Shimura Ken no Baka Tono-sama ( 志村けんのバカ殿様 ) , portraying characters like Baka Tono-sama ( バカ殿様 , Stupid Lord) and Hen na Oji-san ( 変なおじさん , Strange Older Man) . These characters became highly popular. Shimura's comedic work was inspired in part by that of Jerry Lewis . Shimura became known in 1974, replacing Chu Arai in

680-1098: A five-decade span in radio, television, and entertaining armed-service troops through the USO . Other noted stand-up comedians include Lenny Bruce , Billy Connolly , George Carlin , Richard Pryor , Victoria Wood , Joan Rivers , Whoopi Goldberg and Jo Brand . Some of the earliest commercial sound recordings were made by standup comedians such as Cal Stewart , who recorded collections of his humorous monologues on Edison Records as early as 1898, and other labels until his death in 1919. Bandleader Spike Jones recorded 15 musical comedy albums satirizing popular and classical music from 1950 to his death in 1965. Tom Lehrer wrote and recorded five albums of songs satirizing political and social issues from 1953 to 1965. Musician Peter Schickele , inspired by Jones, parodied classical music with 17 albums of his music which he presented as written by " P.D.Q. Bach " (fictional son of Johann Sebastian Bach ) from 1965 through 2007. In 1968, radio surreal comedy group The Firesign Theatre revolutionized

748-528: A great favourite with European anaesthetists for four decades, prior to the introduction of models controlled by electronics. It was independent of electrical power and caused no explosion hazard. The original Mark I unit was developed to become the Manley Mark II in collaboration with the Blease company, which manufactured many thousands of these units. Its principle of operation was very simple, an incoming gas flow

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816-418: A life-threatening emergency for people using ventilators in a home care setting. Battery power may be sufficient for a brief loss of electricity, but longer power outages may require going to a hospital. The history of mechanical ventilation begins with various versions of what was eventually called the iron lung , a form of noninvasive negative-pressure ventilator widely used during the polio epidemics of

884-458: A lot of trouble. The high ratings allowed for high-cost scenes with exploding cars, helicopters and crowds. A famous painting of this time is Shimura as a monk, who asked people to repeat the words "Daijoubuda, ... ueh, ueh, ueh", whereas "daijoubuda" literally means "I'm all right." This program ran about three times a year since 1986. In it, Shimura is a feudal lord ("tono") who does not want to rule and only thinks about having fun. The character

952-553: A major impact on comedy in films today. Laurel met Oliver Hardy in the US and teamed up as Laurel and Hardy . Keaton also started making silent comedies. Fields appeared in Broadway musical comedies , three silent films in 1915 and 1925, and in sound films starting in 1926. The Marx brothers also made the transition to film in 1929, by way of two Broadway musicals. Many other comedians made sound films, such as Bob Hope (both alone, and in

1020-493: A misleading setup (known as a 'pull back and reveal' in the UK and a 'leadaway' in the US). Ed Byrne is an example of a comedian who has used this technique. Some jokes are based on ad absurdum extrapolations, for example much of Richard Herring and Ross Noble 's standup. In ironic humour there is an intentional mismatch between a message and the form in which it is conveyed (for example

1088-615: A rapid supply of 30,000 ventilators capable of treating COVID-19 patients. A major worldwide design effort began during the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic after a Hackaday project was started, in order to respond to expected ventilator shortages causing higher mortality rate among severe patients. On March 20, 2020, the Irish Health Service began reviewing designs. A prototype is being designed and tested in Colombia . The Polish company Urbicum reports successful testing of

1156-416: A series of " Road to ... " comedies with partner Bing Crosby ), ventriloquist Edgar Bergen , and Jerry Lewis (both with and without partner Dean Martin ). Some comedians who entered film expanded their acting skills to become dramatic actors, or started as actors specializing in comic roles, such as Dick Van Dyke , Paul Lynde , Michael Keaton , Bill Murray and Denis Leary . Radio comedy began in

1224-410: A simple, hand-operated bag valve mask . Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine , home care , and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine ). Ventilators are sometimes called "respirators", a term commonly used for them in the 1950s (particularly the "Bird respirator" ). However, contemporary medical terminology uses

1292-469: A small weighted arm visible to the lower right of the front panel. This was a robust unit and its availability encouraged the introduction of positive pressure ventilation techniques into mainstream European anesthetic practice. The 1955 release of Forrest Bird 's "Bird Universal Medical Respirator" in the United States changed the way mechanical ventilation was performed, with the small green box becoming

1360-530: A ventilator only while sleeping and resting, mainly employ a nasal mask. Invasive methods require intubation , which for long-term ventilator dependence will normally be a tracheotomy cannula, as this is much more comfortable and practical for long-term care than is larynx or nasal intubation. As failure may result in death, mechanical ventilation systems are classified as safety-critical systems , and precautions must be taken to ensure that they are highly reliable, including their power supply . Ventilatory failure

1428-405: Is a disaster-situation ventilator made using a freely-licensed design, and ideally, freely-available components and parts. Designs, components, and parts may be anywhere from completely reverse-engineered to completely new creations, components may be adaptations of various inexpensive existing products, and special hard-to-find and/or expensive parts may be 3D printed instead of sourced. During

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1496-727: Is concerned, comedians such as Tommy Tiernan , Des Bishop , Kevin Hart , and Dawn French draw on their background to poke fun at themselves, while others such as Jon Stewart , Ben Elton and Sarah Silverman have very strong political and cultural undertones. Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal , the Edinburgh Fringe , and Melbourne Comedy Festival in Australia . Often

1564-549: Is more light-hearted than Shakespeare's other plays. American performance comedy has its roots in the 1840s from the three-act , variety show format of minstrel shows (via blackface performances of the Jim Crow character ); Frederick Douglass criticized these shows for profiting from and perpetuating racism . Minstrelsy monologists performed second-act, stump-speech monologues from within minstrel shows until 1896. American standup also emerged in vaudeville theatre from

1632-426: Is necessarily pathological. Forbes publishes an annual list of the most financially successful comedians in the world, similarly to their Celebrity 100 list . Their data sources include Nielsen Media Research , Pollstar , Box Office Mojo and IMDb . The list was topped by Jerry Seinfeld from 2006 until 2015, who lost the title to Kevin Hart in 2016. In that year, the eight highest paid comedians were from

1700-555: Is normally the case. A first series is manufactured by Boston Scientific . The plans are to be freely available online to the general public without royalties. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to shortages of essential goods and services - from hand sanitizers to masks to beds to ventilators. Countries around the world have experienced shortages of ventilators. Furthermore, fifty-four governments, including many in Europe and Asia, imposed restrictions on medical supply exports in response to

1768-503: Is nowadays often replaced by a computer-controlled turbopump . Modern ventilators are electronically controlled by a small embedded system to allow exact adaptation of pressure and flow characteristics to an individual patient's needs. Fine-tuned ventilator settings also serve to make ventilation more tolerable and comfortable for the patient. In Canada and the United States, respiratory therapists are responsible for tuning these settings, while biomedical technologists are responsible for

1836-429: Is staffed with scientists from Harvard and MIT and others who have an understanding of pandemics, medicine, systems, risk, and data collection. The University of Minnesota Bakken Medical Device Center initiated a collaboration with various companies to bring a ventilator alternative to the market that works as a one-armed robot and replaces the need for manual ventilation in emergency situations. The Coventor device

1904-574: Is the pun or double-entendre, where similar words are interchanged. The Two Ronnies often used puns and double-entendre. Stewart Francis and Tim Vine are examples of current comedians who deploy numerous puns. Jokes based on puns tend to be very quick and easy to digest, which sometimes leads to other joke forms being overlooked, for example in the Funniest Joke of the Fringe awards. Other jokes may rely on confounding an audience's expectations through

1972-520: Is the inability to sustain a sufficient rate of CO 2 elimination to maintain a stable pH without mechanical assistance, muscle fatigue, or intolerable dyspnea. Mechanical ventilators are therefore carefully designed so that no single point of failure can endanger the patient. They may have manual backup mechanisms to enable hand-driven respiration in the absence of power (such as the mechanical ventilator integrated into an anaesthetic machine ). They may also have safety valves, which open to atmosphere in

2040-511: The United States . The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire designed to measure psychotic traits in healthy people. They found that comedians scored "significantly higher on four types of psychotic characteristics compared to a control group of people who had non-creative jobs." Gordon Claridge, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Oxford and leader of

2108-738: The United States Department of Health and Human Services . In preparation for a possible epidemic of respiratory disease, the newly created office awarded a $ 6 million contract to Newport Medical Instruments , a small company in California, to make 40,000 ventilators for under $ 3,000 apiece. In 2011, Newport sent three prototypes to the Centers for Disease Control . In 2012, Covidien , a $ 12 billion/year medical device manufacturer, which manufactured more expensive competing ventilators, bought Newport for $ 100 million. Covidien delayed and in 2014 cancelled

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2176-639: The United States Food and Drug Administration for the new ventilator. On May 29, NASA reported that eight manufacturers were selected to manufacture the new ventilator. On April 7, 2020, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the Canadian Federal Government would be sourcing thousands of 'Made in Canada' ventilators. A number of organisations responded from across the country. They delivered

2244-473: The 1880s to the 1930s, with such comics as W. C. Fields , Buster Keaton and the Marx Brothers . British performance comedy has its roots in 1850 music hall theatres, where Charlie Chaplin , Stan Laurel , and Dan Leno first performed, mentored by comedian and theatre impresario Fred Karno , who developed a form of sketch comedy without dialogue in the 1890s and also pioneered slapstick comedy . In

2312-543: The 2019–2020 COVID-19 pandemic , various kinds of ventilators have been considered. Deaths caused by COVID-19 have occurred when the most severely infected experience acute respiratory distress syndrome , a widespread inflammation in the lungs that impairs the lungs' ability to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. These patients require a capable ventilator to continue breathing. Among ventilators that might be brought into use for treating people with COVID-19, there have been many concerns. These include current availability,

2380-480: The United States when Raymond Knight launched The Cuckoo Hour on NBC in 1930, along with the 1931 network debut of Stoopnagle and Budd on CBS . Most of the Hollywood comedians who did not become dramatic actors (e.g. Bergen, Fields, Groucho and Chico Marx , Red Skelton , Jack Benny , Fred Allen , Judy Canova , Hope, Martin and Lewis ), transitioned to United States radio in the 1930s and 1940s. Without

2448-546: The United States, including Amy Schumer , who became the first woman to be listed in the top ten. The top ten of 2016 are as follows: Ventilator A ventilator is a type of breathing apparatus , a class of medical technology that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs , to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. Ventilators may be computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but patients can also be ventilated with

2516-472: The Year , Have I Got News for You , and Celebrity Juice . The most acclaimed sitcoms include Seinfeld and The Big Bang Theory . Comedy is increasingly enjoyed online. Several comedians got their start through the internet such as Bo Burnham . Comedians streaming videos of their stand-up include Bridget Christie , Louis C.K. and Daniel Kitson . There are many established formats for jokes. One example

2584-411: The absence of power to act as an anti-suffocation valve for spontaneous breathing of the patient. Some systems are also equipped with compressed-gas tanks, air compressors or backup batteries to provide ventilation in case of power failure or defective gas supplies, and methods to operate or call for help if their mechanisms or software fail. Power failures , such as during a natural disaster, can create

2652-423: The animals. On July 4, 2020, it was reported that Nippon TV had decided to end the broadcast, citing that it would be painfully difficult and heartbreaking to continue filming in a set filled with memories, that was destined for Shimura's advice. The last broadcast was set for September. Shimura was hospitalized for severe pneumonia on 20 March 2020; he lost consciousness after being anesthetized and hooked up to

2720-501: The career of humorists (such as Katsuhiro Higo and Ryuuhei Ueshima, and Haruna Kondou and Haruka Minowa) and other celebrities is notorious. In 2001, Shimura formed a duet with Naoko Ken as "Ken♀♂Ken" in "Ginza atari de Gin Gin Gin" ( 銀座あたりでギンギンギン ) . In 2006, he formed and led his own comedy theater, Shimurakon (Shimura Spirit). Tensai! Shimura Dōbutsuen continued airing after Shimura's death, with on air remembrances of his time with

2788-557: The challenge of making more and lower cost ventilators, effectiveness, functional design , safety, portability, suitability for infants, assignment to treat other illnesses, and operator training. Deploying the best possible mix of ventilators can save the most lives. Although not formally open-sourced, the Ventec V+ Pro ventilator was developed in April 2020 as a shared effort between Ventec Life Systems and General Motors , to provide

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2856-458: The concept of the spoken comedy album by writing and recording elaborate radio plays employing sound effects and multitrack recording , which comedian Robin Williams called "the audio equivalent of a Hieronymous Bosch painting." Comedy duo Cheech and Chong recorded comedy albums in a similar format from 1971 through 1985. Karno took Chaplin and Laurel on two trips to the United States to tour

2924-589: The contract. BARDA started over again with a new company, Philips , and in July 2019, the FDA approved the Philips ventilator, and the government ordered 10,000 ventilators for delivery in mid-2020. On April 23, 2020, NASA reported building, in 37 days, a successful COVID-19 ventilator, named VITAL ("Ventilator Intervention Technology Accessible Locally"). On April 30, NASA reported receiving fast-track approval for emergency use by

2992-417: The cooperation of the anaesthesia department at Harvard University . Mechanical ventilators began to be used increasingly in anaesthesia and intensive care during the 1950s. Their development was stimulated both by the need to treat polio patients and the increasing use of muscle relaxants during anaesthesia. Relaxant drugs paralyse the patient and improve operating conditions for the surgeon but also paralyse

3060-409: The coronavirus pandemic. The capacities to produce and distribute invasive and non-invasive ventilators vary by country. In the initial phase of the pandemic, China ramped up its production of ventilators, secured large amounts of donations from private firms, and dramatically increased imports of medical devices worldwide. As a result, the country accumulated a reservoir of ventilators throughout

3128-519: The famous comedy group The Drifters . With the help of the other members of the group, he learned to act and make the audience laugh. Over time, he showed a knack for comedy. Some memorable pictures of that time are the mustache dance, in which he starred with Cha Katō and the song Higashimurayama , referring to his homeland. With this group, he participated in the weekly program Hachiji Dayo! Zen'inshugo! from 1974 to 1985, reaching 40% to 50% of viewers at their best. From 1977, he also participated in

3196-469: The group on popular comedy shows that gained massive popularity from the 1970s to the 1980s. Hachiji-dayo! Zen'in-shūgō achieved the highest viewership rating of 50.5%, and The Drifters Daibakushō ( ドリフ大爆笑 ) reached 40.4% viewership. These shows made us nationally popular. After the end of Hachiji-dayo! in 1985, he began to work independently as well. He appeared on shows like Kato-chan Ken-chan Gokigen TV ( 加トちゃんケンちゃんごきげんテレビ ) , with Cha Katō ,

3264-473: The lungs. Electric motors were, however, a problem in the operating theatres of that time, as their use caused an explosion hazard in the presence of flammable anaesthetics such as ether and cyclopropane . In 1952, Roger Manley of the Westminster Hospital , London, developed a ventilator which was entirely gas-driven and became the most popular model used in Europe. It was an elegant design, and became

3332-745: The machine could deliver the set volume in volume control ventilation. Microprocessor control led to the third generation of intensive care unit (ICU) ventilators, starting with the Dräger EV-A in 1982 in Germany which allowed monitoring the patient's breathing curve on an LCD monitor . One year later followed Puritan Bennett 7200 and Bear 1000, SERVO 300 and Hamilton Veolar over the next decade. Microprocessors enable customized gas delivery and monitoring, and mechanisms for gas delivery that are much more responsive to patient needs than previous generations of mechanical ventilators. An open-source ventilator

3400-588: The maintenance. In the United Kingdom and Europe the management of the patient's interaction with the ventilator is done by critical care nurses. The patient circuit usually consists of a set of three durable, yet lightweight plastic tubes, separated by function (e.g. inhaled air, patient pressure, exhaled air). Determined by the type of ventilation needed, the patient-end of the circuit may be either noninvasive or invasive. Noninvasive methods, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation , which are adequate for patients who require

3468-432: The modern era, as technology produced forms of mass communications media , these were adapted to entertainment and comedians adapted to the new media, sometimes switching to new forms as they were introduced. Stand-up comedy is a comic monologue performed standing on a stage. Bob Hope became the most popular stand-up comedian of the 20th century in a nearly 80-year career that included numerous comedy film roles over

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3536-553: The number of ventilators needed and used during the pandemic. When data is often not available for ventilators specifically, estimates are sometimes made based on the number of intensive care unit beds available, which often contain ventilators. In 2006, president George W. Bush signed the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act , which created the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) within

3604-614: The pandemic in Wuhan. Western Europe and the United States, which outrank China in their production capacities, suffered a shortage of supplies due to the sudden and scattered outbreaks throughout the North American and European continents. Finally, Central Asia , Africa , and Latin America , which depend almost entirely on importing ventilators, suffered severe shortages of supplies. Healthcare policy-makers have met serious challenges to estimate

3672-662: The patient. If a turbine is used, the turbine pushes air through the ventilator, with a flow valve adjusting pressure to meet patient-specific parameters. When over pressure is released, the patient will exhale passively due to the lungs ' elasticity, the exhaled air being released usually through a one-way valve within the patient circuit called the patient manifold. Ventilators may also be equipped with monitoring and alarm systems for patient-related parameters (e.g., pressure, volume, and flow) and ventilator function (e.g., air leakage, power failure, mechanical failure), backup batteries, oxygen tanks, and remote control. The pneumatic system

3740-408: The principle of fluid amplification in order to govern pneumatic functions. Fluid amplification allowed the respirator to be manufactured entirely without moving parts, yet capable of complex resuscitative functions. Elimination of moving parts increased performance reliability and minimized maintenance. The mask is composed of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (commercially known as Lucite ) block, about

3808-413: The respirator to synchronize with the breathing of the patient. Intensive care environments around the world revolutionized in 1971 by the introduction of the first SERVO 900 ventilator (Elema-Schönander), constructed by Björn Jonson . It was a small, silent and effective electronic ventilator, with the famous SERVO feedback system controlling what had been set and regulating delivery. For the first time,

3876-480: The respiratory muscles. In 1953 Bjørn Aage Ibsen set up what became the world's first Medical/Surgical ICU utilizing muscle relaxants and controlled ventilation. In the United Kingdom, the East Radcliffe and Beaver models were early examples. The former used a Sturmey-Archer bicycle hub gear to provide a range of speeds, and the latter an automotive windscreen wiper motor to drive the bellows used to inflate

3944-496: The size of a pack of cards, with machined channels and a cemented or screwed-in cover plate. The reduction of moving parts cut manufacturing costs and increased durability. The bistable fluid amplifier design allowed the respirator to function as both a respiratory assistor and controller. It could functionally transition between assistor and controller automatically, based on the patient's needs. The dynamic pressure and turbulent jet flow of gas from inhalation to exhalation allowed

4012-402: The study claimed, "the creative elements needed to produce humor are strikingly similar to those characterizing the cognitive style of people with psychosis—both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." However, labeling comedians' personality traits as "psychotic" does not mean that individual is a psychopath, since psychopathy is distinct from psychosis , and neither does it mean their behavior

4080-491: The television program Dorifu Daibakusho ("Dorifu, big burst of laughter"), which were special sketches, totaling one and a half hours. It is currently possible to see members together only on television specials. The rapport Shimura had with Cha Katō , also a member of Higashimurayama , kept them together on television. In 1986, they created the   Kato-chan Ken-chan Gokigen Terebi , which aired until 1992. In The Detective Story , they are two detective friends who get into

4148-487: The twentieth century after the introduction of the "Drinker respirator" in 1928, improvements introduced by John Haven Emerson in 1931, and the Both respirator in 1937. Other forms of noninvasive ventilators, also used widely for polio patients, include Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation , the rocking bed, and rather primitive positive pressure machines. In 1949, John Haven Emerson developed a mechanical assister for anaesthesia with

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4216-580: The vaudeville circuit. On the second one, they were recruited by the fledgling silent film industry. Chaplin became the most popular screen comedian of the first half of the 20th century. Chaplin and Stan Laurel were protégés of Fred Karno , the English theatre impresario of British music hall , and in his biography Laurel stated, "Fred Karno didn't teach Charlie [Chaplin] and me all we know about comedy. He just taught us most of it". Chaplin wrote films such as Modern Times and The Kid . His films still have

4284-464: The word " respirator " to refer to a face-mask that protects wearers against hazardous airborne substances. In its simplest form, a modern positive pressure ventilator , consists of a compressible air reservoir or turbine, air and oxygen supplies, a set of valves and tubes, and a disposable or reusable "patient circuit". The air reservoir is pneumatically compressed several times a minute to deliver room-air, or in most cases, an air/oxygen mixture to

4352-511: The work of Danielle Ward ). Other joke forms include observation ( Michael McIntyre ), whimsy ( David O'Doherty ), self-deprecation ( Robin Williams ) and parody ( Diane Morgan ). In a January 2014 study, conducted in the British Journal of Psychiatry , scientists found that comedians tend to have high levels of psychotic personality traits. In the study, researchers analyzed 404 male and 119 female comedians from Australia , Britain , and

4420-583: Was cancelled on 26 March. He was also slated to carry the Olympic torch through part of Tokyo prior to the 2020 Tokyo games. Shimura died on 29 March 2020 at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine  [ ja ] in Shinjuku, Tokyo. He was 70 years old. Comedian A popular saying often attributed to Ed Wynn states: "A comic says funny things; a comedian says things funny." This draws

4488-528: Was created at the time of Hachiji Dayo! Zen'inshugo! and is characterized by an all-white face, extremely thick eyebrows and hair tied at the top of the head. The program always featured celebrity stakes. His show, Ken Shimura Daijoubuda , a satire of modern Japanese society, aired from 1987 to 1993. Following up his previous big hits, Shimura led several shows, mostly on the Fuji TV network. From 1996, he began working with newbie Yuuka. Shimura's participation in

4556-451: Was developed in a very short time and approved on April 15, 2020, by the FDA , only 30 days after conception. The mechanical ventilator is designed for use by trained medical professionals in intensive care units and easy to operate. It has a compact design and is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and distribute. The cost is only about 4% of a normal ventilator. In addition, this device does not require pressurized oxygen or air supply, as

4624-408: Was used to lift a weighted bellows unit, which fell intermittently under gravity, forcing breathing gases into the patient's lungs. The inflation pressure could be varied by sliding the movable weight on top of the bellows. The volume of gas delivered was adjustable using a curved slider, which restricted bellows excursion. Residual pressure after the completion of expiration was also configurable, using

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