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44-749: Agfa-Commando is the widely used name for the München-Giesing - Agfa Kamerawerke satellite camp of the Dachau concentration camp . By October 1944, the camp housed about five hundred women. They were used as slave laborers in the Agfa camera factory (part of the IG Farben group) in München-Giesing, a suburb on the S.W. side of Munich 14 miles (23 km) from the main camp of Dachau. The women assembled ignition timing devices for bombs, artillery ammunition and V-1 and V-2 rockets; they used every opportunity to sabotage

88-562: A Waffen-SS lieutenant and World War I veteran, was transferred from an artillery detail near Freising to the main camp at Dachau; he was subsequently placed in charge of Agfa-Commando. In January, 1945 the 14-mile (23 km) road from the main camp in Dachau had become impassable as a result of the Allied bombings. The meals now became the responsibility of the Agfa management. The soup deteriorated by

132-755: A doctoral degree in law and studied medicine at the University of Vienna . She married Kurt Lingens, another physician who was active in an anti-fascist organisation, on March 7, 1938. Together they had a son, Peter Michael Lingens , on August 8, 1939. During the Austrian Civil War and the Social Democratic Party falling to the Austro-fascist state, Ella Lingens joined a circle of resistance fighters formed around Otto and Käthe Leichter . She worked in

176-521: A forty-year old Polish woman who died on 7 October 1944. In December 1944, after a Christmas party, two of these prisoners escaped, dressed as Josef and Maria in some borrowed clothing. According to an unconfirmed account of Leni Leuvenberg, twenty Polish women were killed during a bombing on 25 February 1945. In October 1944, 250 Polish prisoners were sent back to Ravensbrück, in exchange for 193 Dutch women, ten women from other West European countries and fifty women from Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Among

220-628: A gastrointestinal infection, the Lingenses’ housekeeper gave Felden her identity card so she could undergo medical treatment under an assumed name. During this period, the Lingenses aided other Jewish friends, using their apartment as a refuge, storing valuables, and using their connections to help friends escape the Gestapo. In 1942, Alex Weissberg-Cybulski, a Jewish acquaintance who was hiding in Krakow, requested that

264-709: A legal advice centre run by the Social Democratic Party in Vienna, having been a member of their local branch executive. When the Nazis annexed Austria, Ella became involved in the direct aid of Jews. During the Kristallnacht riots, she hid ten Jews in her room. In 1939, the Lingenses met Baron Karl von Motesiczky , an anti-Nazi who had studied medicine at the University of Vienna. They became close friends and were invited by

308-401: A small sausage and a piece of bread for the journey, with their standard bowl of soup for their previous evening meal. Against his SS -superiors' orders, Stirnweis halted the march on 28 April just outside the town of Wolfratshausen and further persuaded a farmer named Walser to shelter the five hundred remaining prisoners in his hayloft. Despite specific orders to the contrary, he did not resume

352-536: Is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,064 articles in the main category , and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify

396-514: The 193 Dutch women, only two died just before the war's end. In comparison, a third of the Dutch women that stayed behind in Ravensbrück did not survive. Very little has been published and most facts were collected from written memoirs and oral testimony of the Dutch survivors. Ella Lingens spent a few months as a prisoner-doctor in the camp dispensary, from December 1944. Her book Gefangene der Angst

440-557: The Baron to stay his home in the Hinterbrühl suburb of Vienna. Here Baron Motesiczky hosted many anti-Nazi resistance members and Jews during the Nazi occupation. During several months between 1941 and 1942, the Lingenses hid a young Jewish woman named Erika Felden in their apartment. They acquired cards for Felden from a married couple who were responsible for food-ration cards. When she came down with

484-467: The Dutch prisoners, Blockälteste Rennie van Ommen-de Vries, recalls the strength they obtained in these encounters in her biography. Since the women were not under guard in their rooms, they held regular devotions and produced their own song books. They translated parts of the Old Testament from a German Bible that was lent to them by a civilian factory worker. In September 1944, Kurt Konrad Stirnweis,

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528-467: The Lingenses help him and some friends reach Hungary. The Lingenses asked a connection, Rudolf Klinger, to assist them, and he offered to accompany Weissberg-Cybulski and his friends to the border. Klinger was a Jewish former stage actor who was secretly working as an informer for the Gestapo. He had allowed one person to escape so as the ensure others could be caught with greater certainty. In August 1942, Weissberg-Cybulski sent two Jewish couples to Vienna,

572-611: The apartment had been bombed out before it was completed. The complex was surrounded by a high barbed wire fence with watch towers on the four corners. In the center court of the U-shaped building stood a wooden barrack mess hall. Six or seven prisoners slept in each small room. Reveille was at 0500 hours. The prisoners were counted, and marched to the Agfa factory. They returned to the subcamp compound at 1700 hours. Religious meetings that had been held in Vught continued in secrecy in Dachau. One of

616-553: The authorities. It also happened that they found a letter from Jewish friends who lived in the United States who were trying to get news about people whom they had left behind. Kurt was assigned to a unit of soldiers sent to the Russian front as a form of punishment. Ella and Baron Motesiczky were found guilty of aiding and abetting Jews and were sent to Auschwitz. The Lingenses' son was left behind in Vienna. On February 15, 1943, Ella

660-483: The brothers Bernhard and Jakob Goldstein and their wives Helene and Pepi. They came with the papers of Polish agricultural labourers, and stayed in the Lingenses' apartment for a few days. Klinger then brought them to the border, but suddenly turned them in to the Gestapo and reported the Lingenses and Baron Motesiczky. On October 13, 1942, the Lingenses and Baron Motesiczky were arrested. The Gestapo also found out that Felden had lived with them without being registered to

704-485: The camp went on a work strike. The subsequent investigation led to Ella being accused of inciting the strike, and she was almost put on trial, which if convicted would have led to her execution. After this experience, her position at the camp deteriorated, and in mid-February she requested and was eventually moved to the main camp at Dachau. Dachau was liberated on April 29, 1945, slightly over two years after her initial imprisonment. In her memoir she credited her survival of

748-637: The compound on selection days." She suffered from a bout of typhus in August 1943 and was herself housed in the hospital hut, but survived. She continued to work in the hospital hut every day from eight in the morning to seven or eight at night. In December 1944, she was transferred to the Agfa-Commando factory camp, a sub-camp of Dachau. While there she retained her role as a camp doctor, and obtained marginally more freedom than she had experienced at Auschwitz. In January 1945, after weeks of poor food, Dutch women in

792-406: The correspondents had come up together from North Africa through Italy. War correspondent Ernie Pyle and cartoonist Bill Mauldin often were among them. Their job was to document the atrocities of Dachau and to accompany government VIPs and several Hollywood executives. One of the latter was film director William Wyler . The press was under the command of Colonel Max Boyd, his next in command

836-464: The court yard. As the war drew to a close and American personnel began to encircle the region, production at the factory halted on 23 April 1945. The Allied bombings and the advance of the Allied forces had cut off the supplies of raw material and distribution of the products. The camp commander was ordered to evacuate the prisoners and begin their death march in a southerly direction. The women were given

880-409: The day, and few women were spared digestive problems and complications from undernourishment. Disease was rampant: there were outbreaks of typhoid fever , scarlet fever and tuberculosis . Conditions at the main camp were no better; as the war drew to a close, Dachau became increasingly overcrowded with prisoners evacuated from other concentration camps. Consequently, transfer from the Agfa subcamp to

924-585: The end the women made their point that they just could not work under the conditions of a starvation diet and constant bombing raids. The chief Gestapo agent Willy Bach came down from the headquarters in Dachau and tried to find the instigators, but no one came forward. In the end, Mary Vaders, who had arrived from Ravensbrück on October 15, 1944, was selected at random and incarcerated in the Dachau bunker cell for seven weeks of solitary confinement. She came back damaged but unbroken. The remaining Dutch and Slovenian women were punished with hours standing in formation in

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968-452: The 💕 Nazi subcamps for the Dachau concentration camp [REDACTED] You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German . (June 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate ,

1012-451: The hut–the S.S. would order the names to be called out from the index cards in the hospital file. We would smuggle them into “Aryan” huts, or into huts where the selection had already taken place– they would check up a second time in all those huts. We would put their names on the list of patients due for release from the hospital and send their index cards to the office which handled the release formalities– they would prohibit any releases from

1056-476: The largest and longest-lived resettlement camp in post-war Europe. From Föhrenwald, the women were repatriated by the Red Cross . Initially, and based on cursory evidence, Stirnweis was accused of participating in cruelties and criminal usage of prisoners of war and civilians and sentenced to two years of labor after the war. However, the testimony of many of the women revealed no evidence of atrocities committed at

1100-530: The latter were twenty-one Slovenian political prisoners, mostly (communist) Yugoslav Partisans . The Dutch women arrived on October 15, 1944 from Ravensbrück where they had arrived in September from the Dutch concentration camp Vught . Most had been active in the resistance and had formed bonds already in Vught. They were a cohesive, supportive group; they marched singing into the cattle cars in Vught and walked singing into Ravensbrück concentration camp. Out of

1144-417: The main camp's dispensary was close to a death sentence. When the factory took over the distribution of the soup and started watering it down, while at the same time trying to raise the production quotas, the Dutch women spontaneously crossed their arms and stopped their work. The Slovenian women joined the protest. Strikes were unheard of in the concentration camps, so this would lead to severe punishments. In

1188-501: The march, but let the women shelter in place until the American troops drew closer. On 1 May 1945 Stirnweis surrendered to the 12th Infantry Regiment of the 4th Infantry Division of the US Army and asked for protection of the prisoners. After about a week on the farm, being fed by the generous Walser couple the women were relocated nearby, in the abandoned labor camp Föhrenwald . This was

1232-556: The organization of former Auschwitz prisoners (Osterreichische Lagergemeinschaft Auschwitz). Yad Vashem honored Ella Lingens-Reiner and Kurt Lingens with the Medal of Honor Righteous Among the Nations in Jerusalem in 1980. Ella Lingens-Reiner died on December 30, 2002, in Vienna. Her son Peter Michael Lingens later reported: "A few days before she died, my mother got out of bed again. She leaned on

1276-557: The original on 2009-02-09 . Retrieved 2008-11-01 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_subcamps_of_Dachau&oldid=1211052770 " Categories : Dachau concentration camp Nazi-related lists Subcamps of Nazi concentration camps Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles needing translation from German Misplaced Pages Ella Lingens-Reiner Ella Lingens-Reiner , M.D. (18 November 1908 – 30 December 2002)

1320-553: The prisoners were accommodated in diverse, makeshift sleeping areas; in other cases the SS had them erect their own camp with watchtowers and fences. Many such subcamps, called the KZ-Außenlager , were laid out in similar fashion to the concentration camps. There were also SS camp commanders ( SS-Lagerführer ) and prisoner functionaries such as the "camp senior" ( Lagerältester ) or "block senior" ( Blockältester ). Between 1927 and 1945, Agfa

1364-401: The production. In January 1945, citing the lack of food, the prisoners conducted a strike, an unheard-of action in a concentration camp. Production ended on 23 April 1945 and the women marched toward Wolfratshausen , where their commander eventually surrendered to advancing American troops. Dachau was the first concentration camp (known as a "KZ") that Reichsführer-SS Himmler had built. It

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1408-410: The public of the horrors of National Socialism and of her death camp experiences. She published a memoir of her time imprisoned, titled Prisoners of Fear , in 1948, which described many of the horrors of the camps and the small moments of humanity she found there. In early March 1964, Ella testified as a witness during the first Frankfurt Auschwitz trial . She served for many years as president of

1452-2634: The template {{Translated|de|Liste der Außenlager des KZ Dachau}} to the talk page . For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation . Below is the list of subcamps of the Dachau complex of Nazi concentration camps . Allach Aufkirch Augsburg Bad Ischl Bad Tölz Asbach-Bäumenheim Bayersoien Bayrisch Zell Birgsau Blaichach Bruck Burgau/Günzburg Dachau Eching Echterdingen Ellwangen Emmerting Eschelbach Feistenau Feldafing Fischbachau Fischen Fischhorn, Bruck Friedolfing Friedrichshafen Füssen Gablingen Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germering Gmund Halfing Hallein Hausham Heidenheim Heppenheim Horgau Innsbruck Itter Castle Karlsfeld Kaufbeuren Kaufering Kempten Königssee Kottern Landsberg Landshut Lauingen Lind Castle in Neumarkt in Steiermark Lochau Markt Schwaben Mauthausen Moschendorf Mühldorf Mühlheim München-Giesing - Agfa Kamerawerke München-Schwabing - also known as Schwester Pia Neustift Nürnberg Oberdorf, Bad Hindelang Oberföhring Ottobrunn Passau Pfersee Plansee Pollnhof Radolfzell Rohrdorf, Bavaria Rorgsachwaige Rothschwaige Salzburg Saulgau Schlachters-Sigmarszell Schleissheim Seehausen Spitzingsee Steinhoering Stephanskirchen St Gilgen St Lambrecht St Wolfgang Traunstein Trostberg Türkenfeld Türkheim Tutzing Überlingen-Aufkirch Ulm Utting Valepp Vulpmes Uttendorf -Weisssee Wolfratshausen Zangberg See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Germany portal List of Nazi-German concentration camps List of subcamps of Mauthausen , other extensive net of camps operating in Austria and southern Germany Website with camp names References [ edit ] ^ "List of subcamps of Dachau" . Archived from

1496-454: The text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Misplaced Pages article at [[:de:Liste der Außenlager des KZ Dachau]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add

1540-522: The war on her identity as an "'Aryan,' a 'German,' and a doctor who could work professionally all the time." After her release from Dachau in 1945, Ella returned to Vienna. She and Kurt divorced in 1947. She finished her studies at the University of Vienna, and then worked in multiple clinics and health care systems. She was a ministerial advisor at the Federal Ministry for Health and Environmental Protection. She spent much of her free time informing

1584-404: The work detail at Agfa Camera works. According to former prisoners' testimony, sub-camp commander Lieutenant Kurt Konrad Stirnweis was a reasonable man. His sentence was abrogated upon the testimony of his former charges. His deputy, a 29-year-old Latvian named Alexander Djerin, was sentenced to six years imprisonment for his cruel treatment of the prisoners, commencing 9 May 1945. Although there

1628-506: Was Major (later Lieutenant Colonel) Jay R. Vessels (Minneapolis, Mn.), Air Corps Public Relations Officer. Claude Farmer was the driver and Don Jordan the cook. The journalists included Sholem Asch 's son, Nathan Asch ; AP reporter working at the Seattle Times Harry Cowe; Charley Green (from St. Paul, Mn.); Art Everett (from Bay City, Mi.); and Paul Zimmer (from Oakland, Ca.). List of subcamps of Dachau From Misplaced Pages,

1672-470: Was already in existence in 1933 and developed into a prototype for subsequent concentration camps such as Buchenwald , which appeared in 1937. The concentration camp was not geographically restricted to Dachau itself. At the onset of war, the SS increasingly employed concentration camp prisoners in armaments factories and these specific labor commands created a network of subcamps throughout Germany. In some cases

1716-697: Was an Austrian physician and is one of the Righteous Among Nations honored by Yad Vashem . She and her husband Kurt Lingens M.D., with Baron Karl von Motesiczky , harbored multiple Jews in their home during the Second World War . She was sent to Auschwitz by the Gestapo in 1942 and then later was imprisoned at Dachau . She survived the war and became president of the organization of former Auschwitz prisoners, Österreichische Lagergemeinschaft Auschwitz. Born on November 18, 1908, in Vienna, Lingens had

1760-678: Was no suggestion in the trial records that Sergeant Djerin had mistreated the women, he was convicted of mistreatment of prisoners during his work at Dachau. In April 1945, a group of twenty-two war correspondents was quartered in a villa on the Isar river in Grünwald , another Munich suburb. Just before the women prisoners were transferred from the Walser farm to Föhrenwald, two of the men came looking for women to help in their kitchen. Rennie van Ommen-de Vries and Nel Niemantsverdriet accepted their offer. Most of

1804-465: Was not established until September 1944. The camp commander came in function on 12 September 1944. About five hundred prisoners from Eastern and Southeastern Europe, mainly Poland, arrived from Ravensbrück concentration camp on 13 September 1944. Little is known about the Polish women except that many of them were taken as slave labor in reprisal for the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising . Ludwig Eiber mentions

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1848-640: Was published in 2003. She is critical of the Dutch prisoners and calls them naive. Her views became a thorny issue with the Dutch ex-prisoners, in the long drawn-out compensation claims against IG Farben . French prisoner Marie Bartette published her memoirs in the Journal d'Arcachon in 1946-1947. In May, 2015, the stories of a number of Dutch Dachau political prisoners were published as Geen nummers maar namen . The publication contains input for Renny van Ommen-de Vries, Kiky Heinsius and Loes Bueninck. The women were housed in an apartment block in München-Giesing. Part of

1892-510: Was sent to the women's camp at the Birkenau-Auschwitz concentration camp. She was given the number 36,088. Almost immediately after her imprisonment, Ella became an essential part of the camp organization as a doctor in the camp hospital. Here she continued to save the lives of many camp prisoners, by hiding the most at risk from the selections for execution. She described in her memoir, Prisoners of Fear : "We would hide women somewhere in

1936-501: Was the principal photographic equipment producer, and the largest photographic manufacturer in Germany. From 1941, Agfa Camera works produced exclusively for the Wehrmacht and employed a growing number of prisoners from Dachau. Most likely they were returned to the main camp in the evenings during the first years, and the subcamp in München-Giesing, where the laborers assembled timing devices,

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