The Rugby Africa Cup is a two-year men's rugby union tournament involving the top 16 African nations based on their World Rugby rankings, it is organised by Rugby Africa . The tournament was first held in 2000. It was renamed the Rugby Africa Cup in November 2019, it was previously called the Africa Cup since 2006, the CAR Top 9 and CAR Top 10.
108-435: Due to South Africa being far stronger than any other African nation, South African teams have only competed five times, and won the competition three times. The winning South African teams on these occasions were the under 23 or amateur players (in 2000, 2001 and 2006). The African Cup of Rugby Union took place for the first time in 2000, with five teams taking part in the event, Morocco , Tunisia , Namibia , Zimbabwe and
216-574: A British Isles touring team. Currently, the Springboks are the reigning World Champions, having won the World Cup a record four times ( 1995 , 2007 , 2019 and 2023 ). South Africa are the only team to have won half of the Rugby World Cups they have participated in, and are also the second nation to win the World Cup consecutively (2019 and 2023). The team made its World Cup debut in 1995 , when
324-676: A Rugby World Cup qualifier – has been officially unveiled during the International Sports Press Association (AIPS) Congress in Brussels on May 8, 2018, in the presence of Abdelaziz Bougja , President of Rugby Africa, Nicolas Pompigne-Mognard , Founder of APO Group and main official partner of Rugby Africa, Gianni Merlo , President of the International Sports Press Association, AIPS , and Mitchell Obi, President of AIPS Africa. It has been presented to
432-490: A 9–5 victory. In 1960, international criticism of apartheid grew in the wake of The Wind of Change speech and the Sharpeville massacre . The Springboks increasingly became the target of international protest. The All Blacks toured South Africa in 1960 , despite a 150,000 signature petition opposing it. The Springboks avenged their 1956 series defeat by winning the four-match test series 2–1 with one draw. that same year
540-578: A Springbok shirt, presented the trophy to captain Francois Pienaar , a white Afrikaner . The gesture was widely seen as a major step towards the reconciliation of white and black South Africans . A series of crises followed in 1995 through 1997. Christie resigned in 1996 due to leukaemia. South Africa struggled in the new Tri-Nations competition, the All Blacks won a test series in South Africa for
648-619: A dyewood in high demand in Europe. The center of their activity and the primary point of export was Belize . Under Article XVII of the Treaty of Paris (1763) , British cutters were for the first time given the right to cut logwood in Yucatan unmolested, within agreed limits. Such was the enthusiasm of the cutters that within a few years the European market was glutted, and the price of logwood collapsed. However,
756-508: A favorable wood for crafting cabinets and furniture. Much of the first-quality furniture made in the American colonies from the mid 18th century was made of mahogany, when the wood first became available to American craftsmen. Mahogany is still widely used for fine furniture; however, the rarity of Cuban mahogany, the over-harvesting of Honduras and Brazilian mahogany, and the protests by indigenous peoples and environmental organizations from
864-474: A four-team championship. The winner of the 2022 Africa Gold Cup qualified for the 2023 Rugby World Cup and the runner-up qualified for its final qualification tournament in November 2022. The tournament was revamped in November 2019, this time the top 16 nations, based on their World Rugby rankings prior to the competition, will compete over a two-year period. According to their website Rugby Africa explained
972-615: A generic term for 'wood' in a native Bahamian language. F. Bruce Lamb disagreed, pointing out that the Arawak language 's word for wood is caoba . Lamb identified a West African origin for the word in the Yoruba oganwo , collectively m'oganwo (meaning one which is the tallest or most high ) used for the Khaya genus of trees, whose timber is today called African mahogany. Lamb proposes that Yoruba and Igbo people brought to Jamaica as slaves identified
1080-498: A home or away game. The winner of each group will progress to the final tournament of the RAC. The top four teams from Africa will meet in one venue for the final stage of the RAC, which will include two semi-finals, a play-off for third place and, ultimately, the final to decide who will be the African champions. The 2019–20 Rugby Africa Cup was the first tournament after the restructuring, but
1188-529: A major producer of mahogany in the 21st Century due to a robust plantation program spanning over 50 years. Harvesting began in 2003. The name mahogany was initially associated only with those islands in the West Indies under British control (French colonists used the term acajou , while in the Spanish territories it was called caoba ). The origin of the name is uncertain, but it could be a corruption of 'm'oganwo',
SECTION 10
#17328447864061296-479: A one-off match in Washington, D.C. in a 22–20 loss to Wales . A week later, he secured his first win, a 42–39 victory over England, during their three-test series . The series title was clinched in the second test, with the Springboks winning 23–12, to secure a series victory. However, South Africa were unable to gain the clean-sweep, after losing the third test, 25–10. During the 2018 Rugby Championship , Erasmus led
1404-514: A paddle also appears on the Belizean national coat of arms , under the national motto , Sub umbra floreo , Latin for "under the shade I flourish." The specific density of mahogany is 0.55. Mahogany, African: (500–850 kg/m ); Mahogany, Cuban: 660 kg/m ; Mahogany, Honduras: 650 kg/m ; Mahogany, Spanish: 850 kg/m . The three species are: While only the three Swietenia species are classified officially as "genuine mahogany",
1512-443: A peak in the last quarter of the 19th century. Figures are not available for all countries, but Britain alone imported more than 80,000 tons in 1875. This figure was not matched again. From the 1880s, African mahogany ( Khaya spp.), a related genus, began to be exported in increasing quantities from West Africa, and by the early 20th century it dominated the market. In 1907 the total of mahogany from all sources imported into Europe
1620-600: A planned All Black tour of South Africa was stopped by the New Zealand High Court . A rebel tour took place the next year by a team known as the Cavaliers , which consisted of all but two of the original squad. The Springboks won the series 3–1. In 1989, a World XV sanctioned by the International Rugby Board went on a mini-tour of South Africa; all traditional rugby nations bar New Zealand supplied players to
1728-630: A poor year in 1965, losing matches in a tour of Ireland and Scotland , and in a tour of Australia and New Zealand. The planned 1967 tour by the All Blacks was cancelled by the New Zealand Rugby Football Union after the South African government refused to allow Maori players. In 1968 the Lions toured and lost three Tests and drew one. Next year in the 1969–70 Springbok tour to the UK and Ireland
1836-579: A position they held until July of the following year when New Zealand reclaimed the top spot. The team was named 2008 World Team of the Year at the Laureus World Sports Awards . South Africa then won their third World Cup title, defeating England 32–12 in the 2019 final , and were named 2020 World Team of the Year at the Laureus World Sports Awards for the second time. They retained their world champions title in 2023 . The Springboks also compete in
1944-573: A row as a coach and if I did that I don't deserve to be a Springbok coach. We played New Zealand in Wellington and that was important, as if we lost it I wouldn't be here." South Africa came within moments of reclaiming the Freedom Cup in the final round, but an All Black try in the dying moments of the game helped New Zealand snatch victory in 32–30 win in Pretoria and retain the cup. The Springboks won
2052-533: A very deep, warm tone compared to other commonly used woods, such as maple , alder , ash ( Fraxinus ) or spruce . Guitars featuring mahogany in their construction include many acoustic guitars from Martin , Taylor , and Gibson , and Gibson electric guitars such as the Les Paul and SG . In the 1930s Gibson used the wood to make banjo necks as well. In the Philippines, environmentalists are calling for an end to
2160-463: A watershed moment in the post-apartheid nation-building process . This cast a new light on South Africa, where people of all colour united as one nation to watch their team play. South Africa regained the world champions title 12 years later by defeating England 15–6 in the 2007 final . Following their 2007 World Cup victory, the Springboks ascended to first place in the IRB World Rankings ,
2268-507: Is a list of previous tournaments and final results: The overall record of the teams are as follows: The Rugby Africa Gold Cup is the perpetual trophy awarded to the winner of the Africa Cup (Africa Gold Cup), an annual rugby union tournament involving Africa 's top six national 15-man teams (excluding South Africa), organised by World Rugby 's African association, Rugby Africa , since 2000. The Rugby Africa Gold Cup perpetual trophy –
SECTION 20
#17328447864062376-570: Is burnt more than what they would have..." The wood first came to the notice of Europeans with the beginning of Spanish colonisation in the Americas. A cross in the Cathedral at Santo Domingo , bearing the date 1514, is said to be mahogany, and Philip II of Spain apparently used the wood for the interior joinery of the palace El Escorial , begun in 1584. However, caoba , as the Taino Natives called
2484-639: Is estimated that some 80 or 90 percent of Peruvian mahogany exported to the United States is illegally harvested , with the economic cost of illegal logging in Peru placed conservatively at $ 40–70 million USD annually. It was estimated that in 2000, some 57,000 mahogany trees were harvested to supply the U.S. furniture trade alone. Mahogany is the national tree of the Dominican Republic and Belize . A mahogany tree with two woodcutters bearing an axe and
2592-497: Is naturally found within the Americas, but has also been imported to plantations across Asia and Oceania . The mahogany trade may have begun as early as the 16th century and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. In certain countries, mahogany is considered an invasive species. Mahogany is wood from any of three tree species: Honduran or big-leaf mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla ), West Indian or Cuban mahogany ( Swietenia mahagoni ), and Swietenia humilis . Honduran mahogany
2700-438: Is no evidence for mahogany as a generic word. Mahogany is a commercially important lumber prized for its beauty, durability, and color, and used for paneling and to make furniture , boats , musical instruments and other items. The leading importer of mahogany is the United States, followed by Britain; while the largest exporter today is Peru , which surpassed Brazil after that country banned mahogany exports in 2001. It
2808-483: Is the most widespread and the only genuine mahogany species commercially grown today. Mahogany is a valuable lumber used for paneling, furniture, boats, musical instruments, and other items. The United States is the leading importer of mahogany, while Peru is the largest exporter. Mahogany is the national tree of the Dominican Republic and Belize. Swietenia species have been introduced in various countries outside
2916-512: The 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan after defeating England 32–12 in the final . It was the first time that a Black South African rugby captain got to lift the Webb Ellis Cup , as well as the first time that a team won a final with a defeat in pool stages, the captain being Siya Kolisi who presented South African president Cyril Ramaphosa the number 6 jersey to commemorate Nelson Mandela , who wore
3024-572: The British Isles and France occurred during 1906–07. The team played tests against all four Home Nations . England managed a draw, but Scotland was the only one of the Home unions to gain a victory. The trip instilled a sense of national pride among South Africans. The South Africans played an unofficial match against a 'France' team while the official French team were in England; the Springboks won 55–6. It
3132-499: The Federal Trade Commission allows certain species of trees other than Swietenia to be sold as "mahoganies" in the U.S. timber trade. This is due to the long-standing usage of the terms. But it must be prefixed with another descriptor, and they are not allowed to be sold under the name "mahogany" alone. Two names are allowed. The first is "African mahogany" for the five species of the genus Khaya (which also belong to
3240-681: The Springboks (colloquially the Boks , Bokke or Amabhokobhoko ), is the country's national team governed by the South African Rugby Union . The Springboks play in green and gold jerseys with white shorts, and their emblem is the Springbok , a native antelope and the national animal of South Africa. The team has represented South African Rugby Union in international rugby union since 30 July 1891, when they played their first test match against
3348-529: The Springboks toured Europe , and they defeated all four Home unions for their fourth Grand Slam. The 1962 British Lions tour to South Africa lost three of the four tests, drawing the other. In 1963 the touring Wallabies beat the Springboks in consecutive tests, the first team to do so since the 1896 British team. In 1964, in Wales' first overseas tour they played one test match against South Africa, losing 3–24, their biggest defeat in 40 years. South Africa had
Rugby Africa Cup - Misplaced Pages Continue
3456-529: The shoot borer Hypsipyla grandella and similarly failed in Africa due to the attacks by the equivalent Hypsipyla robusta . After so many years of mismanagement and illegal logging, Swietenia also suffered from genetic loss thus mutating and weakening the seeds. Additionally erosion in its native locations meant seeds could no longer even be planted. However, both species grew well in Asia and Asia Pacific due to
3564-499: The 17th century when the wood was first noticed by Europeans during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Mahogany became more popular in the 18th century when the British Parliament removed import duties on timber from British possessions , leading to increased exports to Europe and North America. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, mahogany from various regions was imported into Europe and North America, with Britain being
3672-462: The 1860s. Most mahogany was cut in the province of Tabasco and exported from a number of ports on the Gulf of Campeche , from Vera Cruz eastwards to Campeche and Sisal. By the end of the 19th century there was scarcely any part of Central America within reach of the coast untouched by logging, and activity also extended into Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil. Trade in American mahogany probably reached
3780-487: The 1980s into the 2000s, have diminished their use. Recent mahogany production from Mexico and Fiji has a lighter color and density than South American production from the early 20th century. Mahogany also resists wood rot, making it attractive in boat construction and outdoor decking. It is a tonewood , often used for musical instruments, particularly the backs, sides and necks of acoustic guitars, electric guitar bodies, and drum shells because of its ability to produce
3888-426: The 1998 Tri-Nations. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup the Springboks reached the semi-finals of the competition, where they lost to eventual champions Australia . During the 2002 and 2003 seasons, the Springboks lost by record margins to England (3–53), France, Scotland and New Zealand. At the 2003 Rugby World Cup , they were eliminated in the quarter-final round – their worst showing to date. Following wins during
3996-538: The 20th century various botanists attempted to further define S. macrophylla in South America as a new species, such as S. candollei Pittier and S. tessmannii Harms., but many authorities consider these spurious. According to Record and Hess, all of the mahogany of continental North and South America can be considered as one botanical species, Swietenia macrophylla King. Both major species of Swietenia were introduced in several countries outside of
4104-575: The ANC government's policies to redress racial imbalances in sport. At the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, the Springboks won their pool. The Springboks then defeated Fiji 37–20 in the quarter-finals, and Argentina 37–13 in the semi-finals. In the final they prevailed 15–6 over England to lift the Webb Ellis Cup for a second time. In January 2008, Peter de Villiers was appointed as the first non-white coach of
4212-663: The Americas during the 1800s and early 1900s using seeds from South America and the Caribbean. Many of these plantings became naturalized forests over time. India had both S. macrophylla and S. mahagoni introduced in 1865 using seeds from West Indies. Both eventually became naturalized forests. Bangladesh had Honduran S. macrophylla introduced in 1872 and as with India it became naturalized in some areas. S. mahagoni and S. macrophylla were introduced in Indonesia in 1870 using seeds from India. S. macrophylla
4320-712: The Americas is geographically distinct. S. mahagoni grows on the West Indian islands as far north as the Bahamas, the Florida Keys and parts of Florida; S. humilis grows in the dry regions of the Pacific coast of Central America from south-western Mexico to Costa Rica; S. macrophylla grows in Central America from Yucatan southwards and into South America, extending as far as Peru, Bolivia and extreme western Brazil. In
4428-410: The Americas since the 1800s, with many plantings becoming naturalized forests. All species of Swietenia are now listed by CITES and protected due to concerns over illegal logging and mismanagement. Mahogany species can crossbreed when they grow in proximity, and the hybrid between S. mahagoni and S. macrophylla is widely planted for timber. The history of the American mahogany trade dates back to
Rugby Africa Cup - Misplaced Pages Continue
4536-452: The Americas. This immediately stimulated the trade in West Indian timbers including, most importantly, mahogany. Importations of mahogany into England (and excluding those to Scotland, which were recorded separately) reached 525 tons per annum by 1740, 3,688 tons by 1750, and more than 30,000 tons in 1788, the peak year of the 18th century trade. At the same time, the 1721 Act had the effect of substantially increasing exports of mahogany from
4644-513: The Boks were named IRB International Team of the Year . The Boks' June 2010 test campaign included a win over France (their first victory over the French since 2005). However, the Boks performed poorly in the 2010 Tri Nations campaign, sliding to third in the world rankings. In the 2011 Tri Nations the Boks rested a number of players in preparation for the upcoming World Cup. At the 2011 Rugby World Cup ,
4752-631: The Botanic Gardens in Calcutta, India. Today, all species of Swietenia grown in their native locations are listed by CITES , and are therefore protected. After S. mahogani and S. macrophylla were added to CITES appendixes in 1992 and 1995 respectively international conservation programs began in earnest aided by a 1993 World Bank report entitled "Tropical Hardwood Marketing Strategies for Southeast Asia". Efforts to repopulate mahogany largely failed in its native locations due to attacks from
4860-519: The FTC, are very close in terms of appearance and properties to true mahoganies. No other species are allowed to be sold in the United States under the name "mahogany", aside from the three Swietenia species and the aforementioned exceptions. Within the mahogany family, other closely-related members of other genera which also resemble mahoganies in terms of appearance and properties are also sometimes known as "mahoganies", though they can not be sold as such in
4968-722: The Jamaican variety, and the trade remained sporadic until the 19th century. Another variety new to the market was Hispaniola mahogany, also called 'Spanish' and 'St Domingo' mahogany. This was the result of the Free Ports Act of 1766, which opened Kingston and other designated Jamaican ports to foreign vessels for the first time. The object was primarily to encourage importations of cotton from French plantations in Saint Domingue , but quantities of high quality mahogany were also shipped. These were then forwarded to Britain, where they entered
5076-644: The June 2004 tours, the Boks won the 2004 Tri Nations Series . The Springboks won the 2004 IRB International Team of the Year award. The Springboks finished second in the 2005 Tri-Nations. The 2006 Springboks lost to France, ending their long undefeated home record. A poor 2006 Tri Nations Series included two losses to the Wallabies. Coach Jake White told the press in July 2006 that he had been unable to pick some white players for his squad "because of transformation "—a reference to
5184-464: The Rugby Africa Gold Cup is a Gold Plated Perpetual Trophy Cup. Standing at a height of 47 centimetres (18.5 in) and weighing 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb), it features a smooth Georgian-bodied design, complete with patterned handles, a stepped lid that is supplied complete with a circular solid African mahogany base. The Trophy has been engraved with the text 'Rugby Africa Gold Cup' and has
5292-480: The Springboks lost test matches against England and Scotland, and drew against Ireland and Wales. Throughout the tour however, large anti-apartheid demonstrations meant that several matches had to be played behind barbed wire fences. In 1970 the All Blacks toured South Africa once again—after the South African government agreed to treat Maoris in the team and Maori spectators as ' honorary whites '. The Springboks won
5400-577: The Springboks to second, their best placing since 2014 . The 2018 Championship saw South Africa win three games, including a thrilling 36–34 victory over New Zealand in Wellington , South Africa's first win in New Zealand since 2009. Erasmus later revealed that had the Springboks lost that match, he would have resigned: "We [had recently] lost to Australia and Argentina, and if we didn't win in Wellington I would have resigned... I have never lost three games in
5508-533: The Springboks topped their group before falling to Australia 9–11 in the quarter-finals. Following the sacking of Allister Coetzee in February 2018, Rassie Erasmus was named head coach of the national team, alongside his duties as Director of Rugby at SA Rugby, on 1 March 2018 and immediately decided to appoint Siya Kolisi as the new Springbok captain, a landmark decision. In his first match in charge, Erasmus awarded thirteen new players their first test cap, in
SECTION 50
#17328447864065616-514: The Springboks, including Australia , Italy , Scotland , Uruguay , Wales and New Zealand . The first British Isles tour took place in 1891, at Diocesan College. These were the first representative games played by South African sides. The tourists won all twenty matches they played, conceding only one point. The British Isles' success continued on their tour of 1896 , winning three out of four tests against South Africa. South Africa's play greatly improved from 1891, and their first test win in
5724-633: The Springboks. De Villiers's first squad included ten of colour. The team finishes last in the Tri Nations , but notched several wins during their 2008 end of year tour . The 2009 season was more successful. The Boks earned a 2–1 series win over the Lions, and then won the 2009 Tri Nations Series . However, during the November tests they lost their top spot in the IRB rankings with losses to France and Ireland. Nonetheless,
5832-475: The Test series finished level. The Springboks won the first Test 17–0 to inflict the All Blacks' heaviest defeat since 1893. The All Blacks rebounded to win the second Test 7–6. After a Springbok win in the third Test, the All Blacks won 13–5 to draw the series. Despite winning South Africa's second Grand Slam, the Springbok tourists of 1931–32 were an unloved team, due to their tactics of kicking for territory. It
5940-505: The US timber trade. This includes some members of the genus Toona , namely: "Philippine mahogany" ( Toona calantas , different from the above usage); "Indian mahogany" ( Toona ciliata ); "Chinese mahogany" ( Toona sinensis ); and Indonesian mahogany ( Toona sureni );. However members of this genus are more usually known as "toons" or "red cedars." They have similar properties to true mahoganies but differ in appearance. Other species in
6048-566: The West Indies to the British colonies in North America. Although initially regarded as a joinery wood, mahogany rapidly became the timber of choice for makers of high quality furniture in both the British Isles and the 13 colonies of North America. Until the 1760s over 90 per cent of the mahogany imported into Britain came from Jamaica. Some of this was re-exported to continental Europe, but most
6156-500: The absence of these shoot borers and absence of other limitations. Plantation management progressed throughout the 1990s and 2000s in Asia and the South Pacific. Global supply of genuine mahogany has been increasing from these plantations, notably Fiji, and Philippines. For Swietenia macrophylla , the trees in these plantations are still relatively young compared to the trees being harvested from old growth forests in South America. Thus,
6264-439: The aforementioned Shorea species which does actually come close to true mahogany in terms of appearance and properties. But it also includes other species which do not resemble true mahogany at all and have very different wood properties, like the "Santos mahogany" ( Myroxylon balsamum ), "mountain mahogany" ( Cercocarpus spp.), and "swamp mahogany" ( Eucalyptus robusta ). The natural distribution of these species within
6372-399: The annual Rugby Championship (formerly the Tri-Nations) , along with their Southern Hemisphere counterparts Argentina , Australia and New Zealand . They have won the Championship five times in 27 competitions and are the only team to have won a version of the competition and the Rugby World Cup in the same year. Rugby union is a highly popular sport in South Africa, often attracting
6480-416: The country's most talented athletes. For nearly a century, South Africans have rallied behind the Springboks, the team's success has transcended the sport, becoming a symbol of national pride recognized even by those who don't follow rugby. Sixteen former Springboks and influential South Africans have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame . Many teams have suffered their biggest record defeats to
6588-402: The early 1980s—all awarded Test status. In 1984, England toured losing both test matches; of the players selected, only Ralph Knibbs of Bristol refused to tour for political reasons. Due to the isolation from apartheid, from 1985 to 1991, South Africa did not play a single test match against an established country, although South Africa did play some matches against makeshift teams. In 1985,
SECTION 60
#17328447864066696-404: The final game was a pointer to the future. In 1903 the British Isles lost a series for the first time in South Africa, drawing the opening two tests before losing the last 8–0. Rugby was given a huge boost by the early Lions tours, which created great interest in the South African press. South Africa would not lose another series—home or away—until 1956. The first South African team to tour
6804-490: The first time in 1996, and the Lions won their 1997 South African tour test series two games to one. Coach Andre Markgraaff was fired in 1997 due to a racist comment he made. The team suffered successive defeats in the Lions 1997 tour and the 1997 Tri Nations Series . In 1997, coach Nick Mallett coached South Africa's unbeaten 1997 tour of Europe , and in 1998 the Boks tied the then-existing record for longest test winning streak, winning 17 consecutive tests, including
6912-419: The first time. From the 1820s mahogany from all these areas was imported into Europe and North America, with the majority of them going to Britain. In Central America British loggers moved northwest towards Mexico and south into Guatemala. Other areas of Central America as far south as Panama also began to be exploited. The most important new development was the beginning of large scale logging in Mexico from
7020-415: The first to South Africa since 1976, the Springboks were defeated 24–27 by New Zealand, and suffered a 3–26 loss to Australia the following month. South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup , with a surge of support for the Springboks among the white and black communities behind the slogan "one team, one country." This was the first major international sports event to be held in the Rainbow Nation . By
7128-451: The grounds of public safety. The Lions team that toured South Africa in 1974 triumphed 3–0 (with one drawn) in the test series. A key feature was the Lions' infamous ' 99 call '. Lions management had decided that the Springboks dominated their opponents with physical aggression, so decided "to get their retaliation in first". At the call of '99' each Lions player would attack their nearest rival player. The "battle of Boet Erasmus Stadium "
7236-400: The growing pressure, the segregated South African rugby unions merged in 1977. A planned 1979 Springbok tour of France was blocked by the French government. The Lions toured South Africa in 1980 , losing the first three tests before winning the last one. The 1981 Springbok tour of New Zealand went ahead in defiance of the Gleneagles Agreement. South Africa lost the series 1–2. The tour and
7344-406: The hosts South Africa , the winner of the competition. In 2004, a second division called CAR Development Trophy and now named now African Development Trophy was formed, reserved for U19 national teams. In 2006, the Africa Cup was coupled with the Rugby World Cup qualification , the winner qualified for the Rugby World Cup . In 2011, a Division 1A was created and in 2014, the division took place as
7452-414: The illegal trade of bigleaf mahogany continues apace. In the 17th century, the buccaneer Alexandre Exquemelin recorded the use of mahogany or Caoba (Cedrela being the Spanish name) on Hispaniola for making canoes: "The Indians make these canoes without the use of any iron instruments, by only burning the trees at the bottom near the root, and afterwards governing the fire with such industry that nothing
7560-478: The largest consumer. By the late 19th century, African mahogany began to dominate the market, and by the early 20th century, the supply of American mahogany became scarcer. In response to concerns about the sustainability of mahogany, several species have been placed on CITES Appendices to regulate the trade. Mahogany is known for its straight, fine grain and durability, making it a popular choice for fine furniture, boat construction, and musical instruments. However,
7668-414: The local trees of the Swietenia genus as m'oganwo , which developed into the Portuguese term mogano , which first appeared in print as the name of a river in 1661, before finally developing into the English mahogany in Jamaica between 1655 and 1670. Malone criticized this etymology, arguing that the proposed metamorphosis from the Yoruba m'oganwo to the Portuguese mogano to the English mahogany
7776-755: The mahogany family), namely: K. anthotheca , K. grandifoliola , K. ivorensis , K. madagascariensis , and K. senegalensis . All of them are native to native to Africa and Madagascar . The second is the name "Philippine mahogany" for seven species (all native to the Philippines ) in the genus Shorea and Parashorea (which are unrelated dipterocarps , more commonly known as "lauan" or "meranti"), namely: S. polysperma , S. negrosensis , S. contorta , S. ovata , S. almon , S. palosapis , and P. malaanonan . The timber from both "African mahoganies" and "Philippine mahoganies" as defined by
7884-421: The mahogany trade began to change significantly. During the occupation of Havana by British forces between August 1762 and July 1763, quantities of Cuban or Havanna mahogany were sent to Britain, and after the city was restored to Spain in 1763, Cuba continued to export small quantities, mostly to ports on the north coast of Jamaica, from where it went to Britain. However, this mahogany was regarded as inferior to
7992-511: The mahogany was regarded as one species, although varying in quality and character according to soil and climate. In 1836 the German botanist Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848) identified a second species while working on specimens collected on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and named it Swietenia humilis . In 1886 a third species, Swietenia macrophylla , was named by Sir George King (1840–1909) after studying specimens of Honduras mahogany planted in
8100-449: The majority of their tour matches. The Springboks secured easy victories in the first two tests. However, the Lions bounced back to record a win in the third test, for the first Lions win on South Africa soil since 1910. Danie Craven was appointed coach in 1949, and started his coaching career winning ten matches in a row, including a 4–0 whitewash of New Zealand on their 1949 tour to South Africa . The 1951–52 team that toured Europe
8208-463: The market in the late 1760s. In terms of quantity, the most significant new addition to the mahogany trade was Honduras mahogany, also called 'baywood', after the Bay of Honduras. British settlers had been active in southern Yucatan since the beginning of the 18th century, despite the opposition of the Spanish, who claimed sovereignty over all of Central America. Their main occupation was cutting logwood ,
8316-479: The massive civil disruption in New Zealand had ramifications far beyond rugby. In 1981, Errol Tobias became the first non-white South African to represent his country when he took the field against Ireland. South Africa sought to counteract its sporting isolation by inviting the South American Jaguars to tour. The team contained mainly Argentinian players. Eight matches were played between the two teams in
8424-449: The name used by the Yoruba and Ibo people of West Africa to describe trees of the genus Khaya , which is closely related to Swietenia . When transported to Jamaica as slaves, they gave the same name to the similar trees they saw there. Though this interpretation has been disputed, no one has suggested a more plausible origin. The indigenous Arawak name for the tree is not known. In 1671
8532-557: The newly democratic South Africa hosted the tournament. Although South Africa was instrumental in creating the Rugby World Cup competition, the Springboks could not compete in the first two World Cups in 1987 and 1991 due to international anti-apartheid sporting boycotts . The Springboks' victory over the All Blacks 15–12 in the 1995 final is remembered as one of the greatest moments in South Africa's sporting history , and
8640-558: The over-harvesting of mahogany and environmental concerns have led to a decrease in its use. The etymology of mahogany is uncertain and a subject of debate. The term first appeared in John Ogilby 's "America" (1671), referring to a "curious and rich wood" from Jamaica . Initial mentions of the mahogany tree (as opposed to wood) date to 1731, with its first detailed description in 1743, attributed to Swietenia mahagoni by Kemp Malone in 1940. Malone suggested that mahogany originated as
8748-564: The price of mahogany was still high after the war, and so the cutters turned to cutting mahogany. The first Honduras mahogany arrived in Kingston, Jamaica, in November 1763, and the first shipments arrived in Britain the following year. By the 1790s most of the viable stocks of mahogany in Jamaica had been cut, and the market was divided between two principal sources or types of mahogany. Honduras mahogany
8856-536: The quantities were not large. The most significant third source was Black River and adjacent areas on the Mosquito Coast (now Republic of Honduras ), from where quantities of mahogany were shipped from the 1740s onwards. This mahogany was known as 'Rattan mahogany', after the island of Ruatan , which was the main offshore entrepot for the British settlers in the area. At the end of the Seven Years' War (1756–63),
8964-537: The same family sometimes known as "mahoganies" include "Indian mahogany" ( Chukrasia velutina , different from T. ciliata ); "sipo mahogany" ( Entandrophragma utile ); "sapele mahogany" ( Entandrophragma cylindricum ); "royal mahogany" ( Carapa guianensis ); "white mahogany" ( Turraeanthus africanus ); " New Zealand mahogany" ( Dysoxylum spectabile ); "pink mahogany" ( Guarea spp.); and "demerara mahogany" ( Carapa guianensis ). Multiple other unrelated species are also known as "mahogany". These include
9072-453: The same numbered jersey during the 1995 Rugby World Cup . Mahogany Mahogany is a straight- grained , reddish-brown timber of three tropical hardwood species of the genus Swietenia , indigenous to the Americas and part of the pantropical chinaberry family , Meliaceae . Mahogany is used commercially for a wide variety of goods, due to its coloring and durable nature. It
9180-422: The second test. The 1955 British Lions tour to South Africa four-test series ended in a draw. In 1956, Springboks toured Australasia the All Blacks won its first series over the Springboks, in "the most bitterly fought series in history." When France toured South Africa in 1958 they were not expected to compete. France exceeded expectations and drew 3–3. The French then secured a Test series victory with
9288-444: The shape of Africa in pride of place on the main body. To complete, on the gold plated plinth band this holds the names of the winners. It's estimated there is enough space for at least 70 winning teams' names to be engraved on the base of the perpetual trophy, which would allow it to be used until at least the year 2080. South Africa national rugby union team The South Africa national rugby union team , commonly known as
9396-412: The team. South Africa was not permitted by the International Rugby Board to compete in the inaugural 1987 Rugby World Cup , nor in the following 1991 Rugby World Cup . Apartheid was abolished during 1990–91, and the Springboks were readmitted to international rugby in 1992. They struggled to return to their pre-isolation standards in their first games after readmission. During the 1992 All Blacks tour ,
9504-515: The test series 3–1. In the Springbok tour of Australia in 1971, the Springboks won all three tests. As in Britain three years before, however, massive anti-apartheid demonstrations greeted the team, and they had to be transported by the Royal Australian Air Force after the trade unions refused to service planes or trains transporting them. A planned tour of New Zealand for 1973 was blocked by New Zealand Prime Minister Norman Kirk on
9612-447: The time they hosted the 1995 World Cup, the Springboks, coached by Kitch Christie , were seeded ninth. They won their pool by defeating Australia, Romania , and Canada . Wins in the quarter-final against Western Samoa (42–14) and in the semi-final against France (19–15) sent the Springboks to the final. South Africa won the 1995 Rugby World Cup Final against the All Blacks 15–12 in extra-time. President Nelson Mandela , wearing
9720-407: The tournament as follows: The first stage consists of a qualifying round: the teams ranked 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th will oppose the teams ranked 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th, respectively, in a single match at home. The winner of each of these four matches will progress to the group phase. In this second stage, the 12 teams are divided into 4 pools; inside each pool the 3 teams play against each other in
9828-472: The winner of the Rugby Africa Gold Cup for the first time in August 2018. Prior to this date, each winner of the Rugby Africa Gold Cup received a trophy. The back of the trophy is engraved with the text " Presented by Nicolas Pompigne-Mognard , Founder of APO Group; Abdelaziz Bougja , President of Rugby Africa ". Handmade by Swatkins, Great Britain's leading Trophy, Award and Silverware manufacturer since 1898,
9936-657: The wood to a limited extent from about 1700. On the English-controlled islands, especially Jamaica and the Bahamas , mahogany was abundant but not exported in any quantity before 1700. While the trade in mahogany from the Spanish and French territories in America remained moribund for most of the 18th century, this was not true for those islands under British control. In 1721 the British Parliament removed all import duties from timber imported into Britain from British possessions in
10044-488: The wood was increasingly fashionable, obtained most of their wood from Britain. The French Revolution of 1789 and the wars that followed radically changed the mahogany trade, primarily due to the progressive collapse of the French and Spanish colonial empires, which allowed British traders into areas previously closed to them. Saint Domingue became the independent republic of Haiti, and from 1808, Spanish controlled Santo Domingo and Cuba were both open to British vessels for
10152-434: The wood, was principally reserved for shipbuilding, and it was declared a royal monopoly at Havana in 1622. Hence very little of the mahogany growing in Spanish controlled territory found its way to Europe. After the French established a colony in Saint Domingue (now Haiti ), some mahogany from that island probably found its way to France, where joiners in the port cities of Saint-Malo, Nantes, La Rochelle and Bordeaux used
10260-404: The word mahogany appeared in print for the first time, in John Ogilby 's America . Among botanists and naturalists, however, the tree was considered a type of cedar, and in 1759 was classified by Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) as Cedrela mahagoni . The following year it was assigned to a new genus by Nicholas Joseph Jacquin (1727–1817), and named Swietenia mahagoni . Until the 19th century all of
10368-546: Was 159,830 tons, of which 121,743 tons were from West Africa. By this time mahogany from Cuba, Haiti and other West Indian sources had become increasingly difficult to obtain in commercial sizes, and by the late 20th century Central American and even South American mahogany was heading in a similar direction. In 1975 S. humilis was placed on CITES Appendix II (a list of species that would be in danger of extinction without strict regulation) followed by S. mahagoni in 1992. The most abundant species, S. macrophylla ,
10476-620: Was a logical and linguistic stretch relying on the conversion of the singular oganwo to the collective m'oganwo , which Malone finds unlikely considering the tree's generally solitary nature. He also argues that Lamb's earliest identified use of the Portuguese mog(a)no , which is for a river that Lamb asserts must have been so named for the mahogany oganwo trees on its banks, could just as well have been named for any tall tree, since oganwo only means tall . Lamb, in turn, criticized Malone's methodology and perceived bias, and maintained that there
10584-486: Was billed as "The World Championship of Rugby". The All Blacks won the first Test 13–5, The Springboks recovered to win the second Test 9–5, and the final Test was drawn 0–0, resulting in a series draw. The 1924 British Lions team lost three of the four Tests to the Springboks, drawing the other. This was the first side to pick up the name Lions, apparently picked up from the Lions embroidered on their ties. The All Blacks first toured South Africa in 1928 , and again
10692-498: Was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The 2021–22 Rugby Africa Cup will double as a 2023 Rugby World Cup qualifier for Africa . In addition to the main fifteens tournaments, an Under-20 competition featuring eight teams was held in April and a rugby sevens tournament involving twelve teams was held in November. A women's rugby sevens tournament is also to be scheduled. Below
10800-488: Was considered amongst the finest Springbok sides to tour. The team won the Grand Slam as well as defeating France. Hennie Muller captained the side. The South African highlight of the tour was a 44–0 defeat of Scotland. The team finished with only one loss, to London Counties, from 31 matches. In 1953, Australia toured South Africa for the second time and although they lost the series, they defeated South Africa 18–14 in
10908-560: Was during this tour that the nickname Springboks was first used. The 1910 British Isles tour of South Africa was the first to include representatives from all four Home unions. The tourists won just one of their three tests. The Boks' second European tour took place in 1912–13. They beat the four Home nations to earn their first Grand Slam , and also defeated France. By the first World War , New Zealand and South Africa had established themselves as rugby's two greatest powers. A Springbok tour to New Zealand and Australia in 1921
11016-454: Was included in plantation forests planted in Indonesia from the 1920s to the 1940s. Philippines had S. macrophylla introduced in 1907 and in 1913 as well as S. mahagoni in 1911, 1913, 1914, 1920 and 1922. Planting resumed in the late 1980s. It was planted with many other exotic tree species for the purpose of reforestation. S. macrophylla was planted in Sri Lanka in 1897 but it
11124-622: Was left unmanaged until the 1950s when reforestation efforts initiated by the Sri Lankan government led to plantations being consciously developed. In the early 1900s S. mahagoni was planted on the islands of O'ahu and Maui in Hawaii but was neglected and became naturalized forests. Additionally, S. macrophylla was planted in 1922 on O'ahu and is now naturalized. Fiji had S. macrophylla introduced originally in 1911 as an ornamental species using seeds from Honduras and Belize. Fiji has become
11232-549: Was one of the most violent matches in rugby history. The 1976 All Blacks tour of South Africa went ahead, and the Springboks won by three Tests to one, but coming shortly after the Soweto riots the tour attracted international condemnation. Twenty-eight countries boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics in protest, and in 1977 the Gleneagles Agreement discouraged any Commonwealth sporting contact with South Africa. In response to
11340-417: Was placed on Appendix III in 1995 and moved to Appendix II in 2003. Mahogany has a straight, fine, and even grain, and is relatively free of voids and pockets. Its reddish-brown color darkens over time, and displays a reddish sheen when polished. It has excellent workability, and is very durable. Historically, the tree's girth allowed for wide boards from traditional mahogany species. These properties make it
11448-480: Was relatively cheap, plentiful, but rarely of the best quality. Hispaniola (also called Spanish or Santo Domingo) mahogany was the wood of choice for high quality work. Data are lacking, but it is likely that the newly independent United States now received a good proportion of its mahogany from Cuba. In the last quarter of the 18th century France began to use mahogany more widely; they had ample supplies of high quality wood from Saint Domingue. The rest of Europe, where
11556-455: Was successful however, winning against England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as defeating all their Welsh opponents for the first time. In 1933, Australia toured South Africa , with the Springboks winning the series 3–2. In 1937 South Africa toured New Zealand and Australia and their 2–1 series win prompted them to be called "the best team to ever leave New Zealand". The British Isles toured South Africa again in 1938 , winning
11664-522: Was used by British furniture makers. Quantities of Jamaican mahogany also went to the North American colonies, but most of the wood used in American furniture came from the Bahamas . This was sometimes called Providence wood, after the main port of the islands, but more often madera or madeira , which was the West Indian name for mahogany. In addition to Jamaica and Bahamas, all the British controlled islands exported some mahogany at various times, but
#405594