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61-697: (Redirected from Aerospace Force ) Aerospace force or air and space force may refer to: Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (NEHSA) Colombian Aerospace Force (FAC) People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force of China French Air and Space Force (AAE) Israeli Air and Space Arm Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) Spanish Air and Space Force See also [ edit ] Space force Space Force (disambiguation) Air Force (disambiguation) Force (disambiguation) Air force Topics referred to by

122-558: A standard gauge line was completed from Zahedan to Kerman linking the city with the rest of the Iranian rail network. This flowed from a 18 May 2007 MOU for rail co-operation (of Pakistan and Iran) under which the line was to be completed by December 2008. It was completed with an opening ceremony on 19 June 2009. This means that Zahedan hosts the break of gauge between the Islamic Republic of Iran Railway 's standard gauge tracks of

183-483: A broad range of ballistic missiles, as well as developing a space launch capability. In mid-July 2008, Iran launched a number of ballistic missiles during military exercises, reportedly including the medium-range Shahab-3. Iran announced other missile and space launch tests in August and November 2008. In February 2009, Iran announced it launched a satellite into orbit and "officially achieved a presence in space." The Fajr-3

244-526: A call". Iran's foreign minister, Javad Zarif , responded by saying that since Iran does not possess nuclear weapons nor does it ever intends in having one, it does not design its missiles (Emad) to be capable of carrying something it does not have. Nevertheless, the testing of the Emad missile took place before the adoption of the Resolution 2231. The US, France, Britain, Germany, Sweden, Turkey, and Australia asked

305-457: A functional GPS guidance platform. It would probably require nuclear warheads in order to compensate for critical problems in accuracy , reliability, and warhead lethality. In June 2020, Iranian admiral Hossein Khanzadi said that Iran would start producing indigenous Supersonic cruise missiles equipped with turbofan engines soon. The foundations for this were laid with

366-706: A massive number of missile TELs to IRGC AF, “Iranian television footage showed at least 26 TELs lined up in two rows for the event, which marked their purported delivery to the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) Aerospace Force, which operates the country's ballistic missiles”, according to the report by IHS Jane's . Any Iranian long-range intermediate-range ballistic missile or intercontinental ballistic missile would require an extraordinarily effective guidance system and level of reliability to have any real lethality with conventional warheads, even if it could be equipped with

427-654: A range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), and can carry a heavier warhead . Making this missile was a major step in Iran's missile industry, and it opened the way to longer-range missiles. Shahab-3D , which followed the Shahab-3C , is Iran's latest Shahab model. A 2,000-kilometre (1,200 mi) range including Russia (as far as Moscow ), Ukraine, parts of Hungary, Serbia, Greece, Egypt, Arabia, parts of India and China, as well as countries closer to Iran. Jane's Information Group said in 2006 that Iran had six operational Shahab-3 brigades,

488-622: A range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), the Ashoura missile. He did not say how the missile differed from the Shahab-3, which has a range of 2,100 km (1,300 mi). He told the gathering Basij militia during the manoeuvers they were holding that same week that the "construction of the Ashoura missile, with the range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), is among the accomplishments of the Defence Ministry". According to Jane's Defence Weekly ,

549-808: A subsidiary of Iran's Ministry of Defense, supports the manufacturing process by engaging in SCUD missile restoration. Its short-range missile inventory also includes solid-fueled missiles, such as the Tondar-69 and the Fateh-110 . Also, Iranian artillery rockets include the Samid, the Shahin-2 , the Naze'at , and the Zelzal family ( Zelzal-1 , Zelzal-2 , and Zelzal-3 ). As of 2009 , Iran has an active interest in developing, acquiring, and deploying

610-404: A system capable of intercepting it is developed. He said it can breach the most advanced and significant missile defense systems in the world, and can also target them. The next day he stated that the tests have been made and that the missile will be unveiled in an appropriate time. The missile was unveiled on 6 June 2023 with the name " Fattah ". IRGC Aerospace Force is known to operate

671-551: A variant of the Shahab (Ghadr 1) and questioned its alleged multiple re- entry vehicle capability, suggesting instead that it carried sub-munitions. The Bina missile , which can be carried aloft and is able to be ground-launched from a rail car, was also revealed at the time. The Aerospace Force owns some civilian aircraft. As of 2017, six Russian-made transport planes were reportedly leased to Pouya Air , and two more Embraer ERJ-145ER jets acquired. The IRGC Aerospace Force

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732-414: A year with haze . Zahedan is the main economic center of the region and home to many small- and medium-scale industries. Its main products include cotton textiles, woven and hand-knotted rugs, ceramics, processed foods, livestock feed, processed hides, milled rice, brick, reed mats and baskets. Zahedan is served by Zahedan International Airport . Highway 95 links Zahedan to Tehran and Mashhad in

793-470: Is a laser guided dual-capability short-range surface-to-surface and air-to-surface missile . It appears to be an AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missile with a semi-active laser (SAL) seeker fitted to its nose. Brigadier General Hossein Dehqan said the ballistic missile had radar-evading capabilities. "The new generation of long-range ground-to-ground ballistic missile with a fragmentation warhead and

854-409: Is capable of low altitude flight and has a range of 1,350 km (840 mi), a maximum range has not yet been given. It has the ability to strike ground targets with high precision and accuracy. Its motor utilizes a turbojet , it releases low heat signatures and the missile is equipped to deal with the most sophisticated types of electronic warfare. Discussing the capabilities of the missile,

915-636: Is considered to represent a great advance in accuracy, with a guidance and control system in its nose cone that functions during reentry into the atmosphere. As a consequence of Iran's nuclear deal ( JCPOA ), on 20 July 2015 the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 was endorsed, replacing the Resolution 1929 , which " called upon " Iran " not to undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles designed to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons ". It has been argued that

976-402: Is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile . It is a domestically developed liquid fuel missile with an unknown range. What makes it Iran's most advanced rocket is that the Iranian government says it has multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles (MIRV) capabilities. Its MIRV capability may give it the ability of avoiding anti-missile surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). The missile

1037-640: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Most American public sources disagree and argue on which aircraft are operated by the AFAGIR. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy said in 2005 that "[t]he backbone of the IRGCAF consists of ten Su-25 Frogfoot attack aircraft, including seven flown from Iraq to Iran during

1098-418: Is evidence which points otherwise. A stolen Iranian laptop, containing over 1000 pages of calculations, simulations and modifications required to make the Shahab-3 nose cone capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, was obtained by U.S. intelligence in 2004 and shown to IAEA officials. Additionally, an interview with Alireza Assar, an Iranian physicist formerly tied with the Iranian ministry of defense, revealed

1159-455: Is near the Iran-Pakistan border. The original name of the city was Duzzap (Persian: Duzdab , meaning "Water Stolen"), which it had received due to the abrupt floods into the valley. The name was later changed to Zahedan (Persian for "hermits") during Reza Shah 's visit in 1929. Mention of Zahedan first appears in sources in August 1849. However, the city first truly started to grow during

1220-724: Is no evidence to suggest there had been any prior technology exchange or with its other known technology partners such as North Korea or China. The new two-stage solid-fuel missile has a range of nearly 2,500 km (1,600 mi), it was tested in November 2008. An improved version, the Sejjil-2, was tested in May 2009. Improvements include better navigation system, better targeting system, more payload, longer range, faster lift-off, longer storage time, quicker launch, and lower detection possibilities. US Director of National Intelligence James Clapper told

1281-508: Is responsible for the operation of Iran's surface-to-surface (SSM) missile systems. In 2006 it was mentioned by John Negroponte that Iran held the largest inventory of ballistic missiles in the Middle East . In August 2013, Ahmad Vahidi former defense minister of Iran said that his country was ranked sixth in the world in missile production. It is claimed to operate several thousand short- and medium-range mobile ballistic missiles, including

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1342-520: Is under study and consideration, a via Kerman connection to the port of Chabahar. In July 2016, India began shipping US$ 150 million of tracks to Chabahar to build the US$ 1.6 billion line, for which India pledged additional US$ 400 million and Iran has also allocated US$ 125 million in December 2016, thus taking the total allocation to US$ 575 million (out of US$ 1.6 billion needed) by the end of 2016. In April 2008

1403-572: The Center for Strategic and International Studies , writing in August 2007, said only the AFAGIR "may operate Iran's 10 EMB-312 Tucanos", and that it "seems to operate many of Iran's 45 PC-7 training aircraft" as well as Pakistani-built training aircraft at a school near Mushshak , "but this school may be run by the regular air force". He said that reports of the Revolutionary Guards operating F-7s did not seem to be correct. Cordesman noted claims of

1464-568: The Oghab and Shahin-II missiles. These would lead the way for a number of other rocket artillery systems including Fajr-3 , Nazeat , and Zelzal . The initial effort in this area relied heavily on technical help from the People's Republic of China in the form of assembly and manufacturing contracts during 1991 and 1992. Iran was quick to surpass the Chinese level of assistance and became self-sufficient. Bina

1525-506: The Shahab-3 , also known as the Ghadr-101. It has a liquid-fuel first stage and a solid-fuel second stage, which allows it to have a range of 2,000 km. It has a higher maneuverability than the Shahab-3 and a setup time of 30 minutes which is shorter than that of the Shahab-3. In November 2007, Iranian Defence Minister Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar announced that Iran had built a new missile with

1586-487: The Trans-Iranian Railway and Pakistan Railway 's broad gauge aforementioned. In May 2016, during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi 's trip to Iran, agreement was signed to develop two terminals and five berths at Port of Chabahar and to build a new railway between Chabahar and Zahedan, as part of North–South Transport Corridor , by Indian Railways 's public sector unit Ircon International . This proposal

1647-683: The navy is largely for the projection of its military power, with the goal of dominating the Gulf region and maintaining its ability to deter and retaliate against adversaries, including the United States . Additional reasons for the indigenous development of missiles may include the regime's intent to showcase its technological advancements, to intimidate and deter neighboring countries, and to reduce its reliance on precarious foreign supplies, particularly from North Korea . The independent production of missiles in Iran can be traced back to at least 1997, when

1708-466: The "father of Iranian missiles", Iran announced it has built an advanced hypersonic ballistic missile calling it a "major generational leap". Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh , IRGC-ASF commander, said the missile has a high velocity and can maneuver below and above the Earth's atmosphere. He said "it can breach all the systems of anti-missile defence" and added that he believed it would take decades before

1769-468: The 1991 Gulf War, kept airworthy with the help of Georgian technicians, although reports indicate that all of the IRGCAF aircraft have been sold to Iraq in July 2014, to increase the latter's for CAS and COIN for fighting against ISIS capabilities. All of them were replaced by Su-22 ", all of them flown from Iraq to Iran during 1991 Gulf War, and around forty EMB-312 Tucanos ". The Washington Institute said that

1830-520: The 2006 National Census, the city's population was 552,706 in 109,488 households. The following census in 2011 counted 560,725 people in 134,088 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 587,730 people in 146,717 households. Zahedan is connected by rail to nearby Pakistan and is near to Afghanistan . It is about 41 km (25 mi) south of the tripoint of the three countries and at an altitude of 1,352 m (4,436 ft) above sea level and 1,605 km (997 mi) from

1891-457: The 20th century. It transitioned from a small village to the provincial administrative center in the 1930s. Its population reached 17,500 by 1956 and increased more than fivefold to 93,000 by 1976. After 1980, large numbers of refugees fleeing the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan helped triple the population of Zahedan to more than 281,000 by 1986, a number which has since doubled again. At the time of

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1952-577: The 70 billion IRR (about 2.5 million USD ) Zahedan Stadium was built with a seating capacity of 15,000 people. It was inaugurated on 18 April 2008 with a friendly football game between Honarmandan (Artists) and a local team. Zahedan is the home of the Islamic Azad University of Zahedan, the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and the University of Sistan and Baluchestan . Besides,

2013-424: The AFAGIR building gliders for use in unconventional warfare, saying that they would be unsuitable delivery platforms, but could at least carry a small number of weapons. However the attached reference was a 1996 Reuters report, making the sources for such assertions extremely thin. The IISS Military Balance 2007 makes no mention of aircraft, referring only to the Shahab 1, 2, and 3 missiles. In October 2009, it

2074-482: The Ashoura represents a major breakthrough in Iranian missile technology. It is the first two-stage MRBM using solid-fueled rocket motors instead of the existing liquid-fueled technology used on the Shahab . This would dramatically reduce the setup and deployment time for the missile and hence, shorten the amount of warning time for the enemy. Jane's noted that while the development parallels Pakistan's Shaheen-II MRBM there

2135-475: The IRGC is believed to operate Iran's three Shahab-3 intermediate-range ballistic missiles units' while noting that their actual operational status remains uncertain. The Ghadr-110 is a medium-range ballistic missile designed and developed by Iran. The missile has a range of 1,800 to 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) and as such is the Iranian missile with the longest range. It is believed to be an improved version of

2196-479: The IRGCAF maintained thirty Y-12 and Dassault Falcon 20 light transports, as well as MFI-17 Mushshak and Super Mushshak trainers, and locally built Ababil and Mohajer reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The AFAGIR also operates a sizable rotary-wing force consisting of around twenty Mi-171 helicopters for transport and armed assault roles, and a large transport force out of Shiraz , equipped with around fifteen ex-Iraqi Il-76s, originally operated by

2257-505: The IRIAF, and twelve An-74TK-200 transports. Scramble backs up this picture in general, reporting An-74s , An-14s , and Su-22 at Tehran Mehrabad , Chengdu F-7Ms at Zahedan , while saying that MFI-17s were often reported at Zahedan incorrectly, and Il-76 AEW variants at Shiraz Shahid Dastghaib International Airport , while saying that they might be based at Mehrabad. Other later writings make no mention of Il-76s . Anthony Cordesman of

2318-494: The Iranian capital of Tehran . Zahedan has a hot desert climate ( Köppen : BWh , Trewartha : BW ). Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter. Zahedan experiences very hot summers, there are 84.7 days per year with maximum temperature above 35 °C (95 °F), of which 7 days have a daily maximum above 40 °C (104 °F).. Winters are quite cold with minimum temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) for 43.7 days annually. Zahedan also experiences 81.3 days

2379-463: The Israeli military intelligence website DEBKAfile states that there is "no military force in the world has so far found an effective means of intercepting cruise missiles before they strike, unless they are short range." The missile is essentially immune to any sort of radar and missile defense systems. On 10 November 2022, during the 11th anniversary of the death of Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam , known as

2440-681: The Senate Armed Services Committee in February 2014 that Iran was expected to test "a missile system that could potentially have ICBM-class range", a possible reference to the Simorgh satellite launch vehicle (SLV) on which Iran is working. On October 10, 2015, Iran launched a new missile, the Emad . The Emad is capable of delivering a nuclear weapon and has a range of 1,700 km (c. 1,000 miles), enough to reach all of Israel and Saudi Arabia. It

2501-521: The Shahab-3/3B with a range of up to 2,100 kilometers, which is the mainstay of Iran's strategic deterrent. This puts even NATO members Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania within striking range, if fired from Western Iran. If Iran ever produces nuclear weapons, they fall under the direct supervision of the Aerospace Force. Iran says that it has no intention of producing nuclear weapons. However, there

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2562-464: The Space Command, Brigadier General Ali Jafarabadi, has stated that the reconnaissance satellite is part of a larger project that will include satellites with communication and navigation capabilities, in addition to reconnaissance. In November 2022, the IRGC conducted a successful suborbital test launch of the newly unveiled Qaem-100 launch vehicle. In September 2023, Noor-3 , also called Najm,

2623-611: The UN Security Council to investigate and take appropriate action. The Hoveyzeh Cruise Missile is an all-weather, surface-to-surface cruise missile . The Hoveyzeh is from the Soumar family of cruise missiles. The missile was unveiled and put on display on February 2, 2019, at an exhibition of defense achievements in Tehran during commemorations of the 40th anniversary of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The surface-to-surface cruise missile

2684-578: The aftermath of the crackdown. On 28 October, there were protests in Zahedan and security forces fired on protestors, killing 98 and injuring 14. On 3 November 2022, the Shi'i cleric and Khamenei loyalist Sajjad Shahraki was assassinated in Zahedan. The next day, there were widespread protests in the city; Revolutionary Guards and other armed forces fired on protestors. While the surrounding area boasts numerous ancient sites, Zahedan itself primarily developed in

2745-516: The country obtained missile plans and production components from Russia and began constructing missile production facilities, including the two tunnels for housing Scud missiles at Kuh-e-Padri, located along the Persian Gulf between Bandar Abbas and Bushehr . Additionally, Iran received assistance from China in the construction of the Ballistic missile plant and test range east of Teheran and

2806-501: The early 20th-century. During World War I it became the westernmost terminal of the Zahedan railway station , which reached as far as Quetta in the northern part of what was then British Baluchistan . The city was the site of a deadly crackdown in October 2022, with dozens citizens killed by pro-governmental forces. Over 90 people were killed. Two senior police officials were fired in

2867-417: The existence of a military nuclear program whose goal was "to produce enough HEU ( Highly Enriched Uranium ) to enable the regime to produce nuclear weapons". Iran's continuous lack of transparency regarding their nuclear program has resulted in much suspicion regarding its intentions. According to the testimony of John Negroponte in 2006, Iran's ballistic missile development, together with its enhancement of

2928-417: The first of which was established in July 2003. They said that the six brigades were mainly equipped with standard variants, but with others described as enhanced Shahab-3 variants, with ranges of 1,300, 1,500, and 2,000 km (810, 930, and 1,240 mi), respectively. Anthony Cordesman at the Center for Strategic and International Studies however said only in August 2007 that 'the air force of

2989-657: The focus of the effort quickly changed and focused on assembly and maintenance. A domestic version of the Scud-B, known as Shahab-1 , was developed and manufactured. This led to its successor the Shahab-2 , a variant of the Scud-C with a range of 500 to 700 km, and finally the Shahab-3 . Since the end of the war, Iran has consistently attempted to recruit foreign help, as well as its large and highly qualified expatriate population, into its missile program. Iranian expatriates who left with

3050-558: The following air defense equipment: The IRGC Aerospace Force has been running its own space program, and on 22 April 2020, it made existence of its own 'Space Command' public. On that date it successfully launched its first military satellite , the Noor , into orbit. This was acknowledged by Western experts, and marked joining the club of about a dozen countries to have carried out such a project. The United States Space Force 's chief of space operations , General John W. Raymond , said it

3111-488: The language is not a legal prohibition. The U.S. ambassador to the UN Samantha Power said that the Emad missile was inherently capable of delivering a nuclear warhead which is therefore a violation. However, Vitaly Churkin , Russia's ambassador disputed this interpretation: "a call is different from a ban, so legally you cannot violate a call, you can comply with a call or you can ignore the call, but you cannot violate

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3172-424: The laser-guided air-to-surface and surface-to-surface missile dubbed Bina (Insightful) have been successfully test-fired. The Bina missile is capable of striking important targets such as bridges, tanks and enemy command centres with great precision." After the war, Iran's experience of liquid fuel missiles had purely focused on the reverse engineering of Scud-B missiles. However, with the post war reorganisation

3233-625: The north and the port of Bandar Chabahar on the Sea of Oman in the south, and Highway 84 to the Pakistani city of Quetta in the east and to Kerman in the west. For decades the 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ) broad gauge (Indian subcontinent system) railway exists from Zahedan station to/from Quetta's station in Pakistan, the Quetta–Taftan Railway Line . Beyond this, west,

3294-503: The production facility near Semnan , as well as guidance technologies and precision machine tools for the production of ballistic missiles. The largest of the missile production facilities in Iran is the complex located near Isfahan , the assembly site of the Scud-B missile kits from North Korea , and was built in cooperation with North Korea and possibly Chinese assistance. In May 2013, Iran's Ministry of Defense and Logistics delivered

3355-562: The revolution have been slow to return, but many are now doing so and thus heralding a new age for Iran's missile development programme with their tremendous wealth of technical experience. Iran has an arsenal of short-range, liquid-fueled missiles including the Scud-B and Scud-C , and is now able to produce SCUD type missiles on its own, such as the R-17E, a variant of the Russian R-17 Elbrus (Scud-B). The Aerospace Industries Organization,

3416-427: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Aerospace force . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerospace_force&oldid=1219890470 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3477-455: Was announced that its name has been changed from IRGC Air Force to IRGC Aerospace Force. In February 2014, Jane's announced that the Barani missile system had been tested. This system is a laser-guided air-to-surface missile which releases submunitions: "new generation of long-range ballistic missiles carrying multiple re-entry vehicle MIRV payloads". The UN Panel of Experts identified it as

3538-466: Was last launched during Holy Prophet wargames, which was the IRGC's largest naval war games ever. The Fajr-3 and the Fajr-3 artillery rocket are different systems. The Shahab-3 is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) that was built by Iran's military. Its first model, also known as Shahab-3A has a range of 1,300 km (810 mi). Soon after Iran came with a new model called Shahab-3B , which has

3599-470: Was launched on a Qassed launcher to a 450 kilometer orbit. It weighs 24 kg, with a camera image resolution of 6 to 4.8 meters. Zahedan Zahedan ( Balochi and Persian : زاهدان ; [zɒːheˈd̪ɒːn] ) is a city in the Central District of Zahedan County , Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran and serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It

3660-555: Was soon operational. In July 2020, the Aerospace Force said that it had received detailed images of Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, where United States Central Command 's forward headquarters is hosted, captured by the satellite. In March 2022, a second launch of the Qased launch vehicle from the shahroud space center put the Noor-2 military reconnaissance satellite into orbit. Commander of

3721-418: Was unlikely that Iran's Noor satellite provided any information of value, describing it as "a tumbling webcam in space." However, an Israeli security source told Haaretz that the satellite is "indeed an important accomplishment for the Iranian space program in general and its military in particular". Uzi Rubin commented that he "wouldn't be surprised" if an Iranian system of operational military space assets

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