Misplaced Pages

#265734

38-533: Aegeae or Aigeai (Ancient Greek: Αἰγέαι ) may refer to: Aegeae (Macedon) , ancient capital of Macedon Aegeae (Cilicia) , ancient town of Cilicia, now in Turkey Aegeae, Esfahan Province , a city in Isfahan Province, Iran [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

76-626: A lead scroll, dated to the first half of the 4th century BC (c. 375–350 BC). It was published in the Hellenic Dialectology Journal in 1993. It is one of four texts found until today that might represent a local dialectal form of ancient Greek in Macedonia, all of them identifiable as Doric. These confirm that a Doric Greek dialect was spoken in Macedonia, as was previously expected from the West Greek forms of names found in Macedonia. As

114-499: A lion hunt and Dionysus riding a panther. In modern times it finds itself as the starting point of the Alexander The Great Marathon , in honour of the city's ancient heritage. The site was explored by 19th-century voyagers including Holand , François Pouqueville , Félix de Beaujour , Cousinéry, Delacoulonche, Hahn , Gustave Glotz and Struck, based on the descriptions provided by Titus Livius . The first excavation

152-399: A publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Edessa". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray. [REDACTED] Media related to Aigai (Vergina) at Wikimedia Commons 40°28′45″N 22°19′29″E  /  40.479304°N 22.324777°E  / 40.479304; 22.324777 Pella Pella ( Greek : Πέλλα )

190-516: A range of scenes, including the ravishing of Europa and motifs from nature have been carefully conserved. The Palace of Aigai is the largest building of classical Greece and is the location where Alexander the Great was proclaimed king in 336 BC. The site of the palace lost significance for Macedonian Royalty after it (and the rest of the city) was burned down in 168 BCE after the Battle of Pydna , despite

228-417: A series of rooms around a central courtyard, generally with porticos. The oldest parts date from the time of Philip II, 350-330 BC, and the palace was further developed over time. The south facade of the palace, towards the city, consisted of one large (at least 153 metres long) portico, constructed on a 2 m-high foundation. The relationship between the four principal complexes is defined by an interruption in

266-550: A stag, a familiar motif also of Scythian art, another depicts Dionysus riding a leopard. These mosaics adorned the floors of rich houses, often named after their representations, particularly the Houses of Helen and Dionysus. The palace is situated on a 70 m high hill north of the city, a strategic position commanding the entire area and occupying a vast area of 75,000 m . It consisted of several large architectural groupings on terraces ascending from south-west to north-east, each with

304-655: A stone foundation; some of which has been located North of the palace, and some in the South next to the lake. Inside the ramparts, three hills occupy the North. In pride of place in the centre of the city is the Agora, built in the last quarter of the 4th century BC and an architectural gem, unique in conception and size; it covered ~ 7 hectares or 10 city blocks. Pella is one of the first known cities to have had an extensive piped water supply to individual house and waste water disposal from most of

342-464: Is an ancient city located in Central Macedonia , Greece . It served as the capital of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon . Currently, it is located 1 km outside the modern town of Pella . Pella was probably founded at the beginning of the 4th century BC by Archelaus I as the new capital of Macedon, supplanting Aigai . The city was the birthplace of Philip II in 382 BC, and of Alexander

380-624: Is further mentioned by Polybius and Livy as the capital of Philip V and of Perseus during the Macedonian Wars fought against the Roman Republic . In 168 BC, it was sacked by the Romans , and its treasury transported to Rome. Livy reported how the city looked in 167 BC to Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus , the Roman who defeated Perseus at the battle of Pydna : Pella was declared capital of

418-527: Is up to 15 metres wide. This street is the primary access to the central public agora , which occupied a space of ten blocks. Two North-South streets are also a bit wider than the rest, and serve to connect the city to the port further South. This type of plan dates to the first half of the 4th century BC, and is very close to the ideal in design, though it distinguishes itself by large block size; Olynthus in Chalcidice for example had blocks of 86.3×35 metres. On

SECTION 10

#1732852734266

456-514: The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and for his views on urban planning and architectural proportions. The theatre, also from the second half of the 4th century BC, was closely associated with the palace. Nearly 30 large columns that surrounded the palace's main peristyle have been reconstructed, some towering to a height of 25 ft. The frieze on the peristyle's southern section has also been reconstructed. Over 5,000 square feet of mosaics depicting

494-523: The Perdiccas . The body of Alexander the Great was to have reposed at Aegae, where his father Philip II of Macedon fell by the hand of Pausanias of Orestis but it was taken to Memphis through the intrigues of Ptolemy I Soter . The recently excavated palace is considered to be not only the biggest but, together with the Parthenon , one of the most significant buildings of classical Greece. In 1996,

532-400: The 2nd or 3rd century BC. Overall, archaeologists have uncovered 1,000 tombs at Pella since 2000, but these only represent an estimated 5% of those at the site. In 2009 43 graves containing rich and elaborate grave goods were found and in 2010 37 tombs dating from 650 to 280 BC were discovered containing rich ancient Macedonian artifacts ranging from ceramics to precious metals. One of the tombs

570-500: The 3rd administrative division of the Roman province of Macedonia , and was possibly the seat of the Roman governor. Activity continued to be vigorous until the early 1st century BC and, crossed by the Via Egnatia , Pella remained a significant point on the route between Dyrrachium and Thessalonica . In about 90 BC the city was destroyed by an earthquake ; shops and workshops dating from

608-659: The Great , his son, in 356 BC. Pella quickly became the largest and richest city in Macedonia and flourished particularly under the rule of Cassander and Antigonus II . In 168 BC the city was sacked by the Romans during the Third Macedonian War and entered a long period of decline, its importance eclipsed by that of the nearby Thessalonica . The name is probably derived from the word pella , ( Ancient Greek : πέλλα ), "stone" which seems to appear in some other toponyms in Greece like Pellene . Julius Pokorny reconstructs

646-680: The archaeological site of Aigai was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its monumental significance in Western civilization and exceptional architecture. In 1977, Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos started excavating the Great Tumulus at Aegae and found that two of the four tombs in the tumulus were undisturbed since antiquity. Moreover, these two, and particularly Tomb II, contained fabulous treasures and objects of great quality and sophistication. Although there

684-549: The catastrophe have been found with remains of their merchandise, though the city was eventually rebuilt over its ruins. Cicero stayed there in 58 BC, though by then the provincial seat had already transferred to Thessalonica Pella was promoted to a Roman Colony sometime between 45 and 30 BC and its currency was marked Colonia Iulia Augusta Pella . Augustus settled peasants there whose land he had usurped to give to his veterans. But, unlike other Macedonian colonies such as Philippi , Dion , and Cassandreia , it never came under

722-638: The city near the lagoon continued to be occupied until the 4th century. In about AD 180, Lucian of Samosata could describe it in passing as "now insignificant, with very few inhabitants". It later temporarily bore the name Diocletianopolis . In the Byzantine period, the Roman site was occupied by a fortified village. Excavations there by the Greek Archaeological Service begun in 1957 revealed large, well-built houses with colonnaded courts and rooms with mosaic floors portraying such scenes as

760-619: The city remaining for another three centuries. A landslide in the first century AD preserved what was left of the ruins, leaving about 3-4 m of soil on top of the monument. The Palace of Aigai reopened to the public in January 2024 after an extensive 16 year restoration. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Aegae". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

798-418: The city. The agora was surrounded by the shaded colonnades of stoas , and streets of enclosed houses with frescoed walls round inner courtyards. The first trompe-l'œil wall murals imitating perspective views ever seen were on walls at Pella. There were temples to Aphrodite, Cybele and Demeter . Pella's pebble-mosaic floors are famous: some reproduce Greek paintings; one shows a lion-griffin attacking

SECTION 20

#1732852734266

836-416: The jurisdiction of ius Italicum or Roman law. Four pairs of colonial magistrates ( duumvirs quinquennales ) are known for this period. The ruin of the city is described by Dio Chrysostom and Lucian though their accounts may be exaggerated, as the Roman city occupied the west of the original capital and coinage indicates prosperity. Despite its decline, archaeology has shown that the southern part of

874-563: The other hand, later Hellenistic urban foundations have blocks comparable to those of Pella: 112×58 m in Laodicea ad Mare , or 120×46 m in Aleppo . The city is built on the former island of Phacos , a promontory which dominated the sea to the south in the Hellenistic period . The city wall mentioned by Livy is only partly known. It consists of a rampart of crude bricks (~ 50 cm square) raised on

912-419: The palace. Designed on a grid plan as envisaged by Hippodamus , it consists of parallel streets which intersect at right angles and form a grid of eight rows of rectangular blocks. The blocks are of a consistent width—each approximately 45 m—and of a length which varies from 111 m to 152 m, 125 metres being the most common. The streets are from 9 to 10 metres wide, except for the middle East–West arterial, which

950-464: The poet Timotheus of Miletus and the Athenian playwright Euripides who finished his days there writing and producing Archelaus . Euripides' Bacchae was first staged here, about 408 BC. According to Xenophon , in the beginning of the 4th century BC Pella was the largest Macedonian city. It was the birthplace and seats of Philip II , in 382 BC and of Alexander the Great , his son, in 356 BC. It

988-410: The portico occupied by a triple propylaeum , 15 m high, which gave the palace an imposing monumental air when seen from the city below. Archaeologists have also identified a palaestra and baths dating from the reign of Cassander . The size of the complex indicates that, unlike the palace at Vergina , this was not only a royal residence or a grandiose monument but also a place of government which

1026-542: The prefix "α" it forms the word ἀπέλλα , apella , "fence, enclosure of stones". Robert Beekes relates the word πέλλα with the name of the city, but suggests that it probably has pre-Greek origin. In antiquity, Pella was a strategic port connected to the Thermaic Gulf by a navigable inlet , but the harbour and gulf have since silted up, leaving the site inland. Pella is first mentioned in relation to Xerxes ' campaign and in relation to Macedonian expansion and

1064-422: The remains of Philip II . Palace of Aigai The most important building discovered is the monumental palace. Located on a plateau directly below the acropolis, this building of two or perhaps three stories is centred on a large open courtyard flanked by Doric colonnades. On the north side was a large gallery with a view of the stage of the neighbouring theatre and the whole Macedonian plain. The palace

1102-539: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aegeae&oldid=1251024053 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Aegeae (Macedon) The seat of government

1140-466: The war against Sitalces , the king of the Thracians . It was probably built as the commercial capital of the kingdom of Macedon by Archelaus I , complementing the older palace-city of Aigai although there appears to be some possibility that it may have been created by Amyntas III . Archelaus invited the painter Zeuxis , the greatest painter of the time, to decorate his palace. He also later hosted

1178-488: The word from the Proto-Indo-European root peli-s, pel-s, Old Indian : pāsāna, stone (from *pars, *pels), Greek : πέλλα , λίθος , stone, Hesychius (*pelsa), Pashto : parša (*plso), cliff, Germanic  : *falisa, German : Fels, Old Norse : fell (*pelso), Illyrian : *pella, *palla. Solders in an essay on Hesychius glossary has referenced πέλλα (pella), λίθος (stone) as an ancient Macedonian word. With

Aegeae - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-507: Was already a walled city in the time of Philip II and he made the city of great international importance. It became the largest and richest city in Macedonia and flourished particularly under Cassander 's rule who redesigned and expanded it. The reign of Antigonus most likely represented the height of the city's prosperity, as this is the period which has left the most archaeological remains. The famous poet Aratus died in Pella c. 240 BC. Pella

1254-466: Was begun by G. Oikonomos in 1914–15. The modern systematic exploration of the site began in 1953 and work has continued since then uncovering significant parts of the extensive city. In February 2006, a farmer accidentally uncovered the largest tomb ever found in Greece. The names of the noble ancient Macedonian family are still on inscriptions and painted sculptures and walls have survived. The tomb dates to

1292-592: Was later transferred to Pella , which was located on a coastal waterway of the Thermaic Gulf. The current plain of central Macedonia did not yet exist, its area being divided between Lake Ludias and marshland. The plain was created by draining and infilling in modern times. The old capital remained the "hearth" of the Macedonian kingdom and the burial place for their kings. These were the Temenid dynasty, which descended from

1330-476: Was much debate for some years, Tomb II has been shown to be that of Philip II as indicated by many features, including the greaves , one of which was shaped consistently to fit a leg with a misaligned tibia (Philip II was recorded as having broken his tibia). Also, the remains of the skull show damage to the right eye caused by the penetration of an object (historically recorded to be an arrow). The most recent research gives further evidence that Tomb II contains

1368-495: Was required to accommodate a significant portion of the administrative apparatus of the kingdom. The question of what language was spoken in ancient Macedonia has been debated by the scholars. The discovery of the Pella curse tablet in 1986, found in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedon , has given us a text written in a distinct Doric Greek idiom. Ιt contains a curse or magic spell ( Greek : κατάδεσμος, katadesmos ) inscribed on

1406-417: Was sumptuously decorated, with mosaic floors, painted plastered walls, and fine relief tiles. The masonry and architectural members were covered with high-quality marble stucco. Excavations have dated its construction to the reign of Philip II, even though he also had a palace in the capital, Pella . It has been suggested that the building was designed by the architect Pytheos of Priene , known for his work on

1444-520: Was the final resting place of a warrior from the 6th century BC with a bronze helmet with a gold mouthplate, weapons and jewellery. Since 2011, much of the Palace of Pella has been excavated and from 2017 parts of it have been restored. It is expected to open to the public in 2024. Many artefacts are displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Pella . The city proper was located south of and below

#265734