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68-468: Treasure Island (originally titled The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys ) is an adventure and historical novel by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson . It was published in 1883, and tells a story of " buccaneers and buried gold " set in the 1700s. It is considered a coming-of-age story and is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action. The novel was originally serialised from 1881 to 1882 in

136-473: A bag of money and escapes. The remaining crew sail back to Bristol and divide up the treasure. Some treasure was never found, but Jim refuses to return to the "accursed" island to look for it. Treasure Island was written by Stevenson after returning from his first trip to America where he was married. Still a relatively unknown author, inspiration came in summer of 1881 in Braemar , Scotland when bad weather kept

204-598: A character from Treasure Island . A phantom pirate named Black Dog Briar appears in the video game expansion. Adventure novel In the Introduction to the Encyclopedia of Adventure Fiction , Critic Don D'Ammassa defines the genre as follows: ..  An adventure is an event or series of events that happens outside the course of the protagonist's ordinary life, usually accompanied by danger, often by physical action. Adventure stories almost always move quickly, and

272-652: A character named Captain (later Admiral) John Benbow as a reference to the Admiral Benbow Inn. One of Chris Schweizer's early ideas for the Pirates of the Caribbean comic book series was to have Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann 's 12-or-13-year-old son be involved in Jack Sparrow's search for Anamaria who had disappeared while searching for a mystical treasure, with the boy eventually growing up and becoming Billy Bones ,

340-630: A child readership. In the years after the First World War, writers such as Arthur Ransome developed the adventure genre by setting the adventure in Britain rather than distant countries, while Geoffrey Trease , Rosemary Sutcliff and Esther Forbes brought a new sophistication to the historical adventure novel. Modern writers such as Mildred D. Taylor ( Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry ) and Philip Pullman (the Sally Lockhart novels) have continued

408-402: A great variety and availability of seafood . In the inland communities of Spain, there is a long tradition of cured meat of different kinds, in addition to an abundance of dishes such as roasts and stews, based on beef, pork, lamb, and poultry. The European and Arab heritage of Spain is reflected in its food, along with cosmopolitan influences beginning in the many new ingredients brought in from

476-515: A knife, but Jim shoots him dead with two pistols. Jim goes ashore and returns to the stockade, where he is horrified to find only Silver and the pirates. Silver tells Jim that when everyone found the ship was gone, Captain Smollett's party had agreed to a truce whereby the pirates take the map and allow the besieged party to leave. In the morning, Livesey arrives to treat the wounded and sick pirates, and tells Silver to look out for trouble once he's found

544-482: A lesser degree, in Panama , Ecuador , Colombia , and Venezuela . In some Hispanic American countries, the population of speakers of indigenous languages tends to be very small or even non-existent (e.g. Uruguay ). Mexico contains the largest variety of indigenous languages; there, the most spoken native language is Nahuatl. In Peru , Quechua is an official language, alongside Spanish and any other indigenous language in

612-585: A marker that the Kraken can track. Governor Weatherby Swann witnesses Mercer kill the captain, who was intended to be called "Captain Hawkins", as revealed by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio on the film's DVD commentary. Hawkins' backstory was intended to relate to that of Jim Hawkins' father in Treasure Island , explaining the circumstances of his father's disappearance at sea and why he never returned to

680-649: A scandal at the time. Stevenson and his family were members of a church congregation set up by the victim's father. Although he never visited Ireland, Stevenson based at least two other books, Kidnapped and Catriona on real crimes that were perpetrated in Dublin; these crimes were all reported in detail in The Gentleman's Magazine , published in Dublin and Edinburgh. Other allusions to real piracy include: Various claims have been made that one island or another inspired Treasure Island: In August 2022 Mick Whitley , then

748-411: A staple of most meals as are pastas , potatoes, rice, paella and a variety of vegetables (Argentina is a huge exporter of agricultural products). Italian influence is also seen in the form of pizza and ice cream , both of which are integral components of national cuisine. Uruguayan cuisine is similar to that of Argentina, though seafood is much more dominant in this coastal nation. As another one of

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816-427: A stroke. That night, Jim's father dies. Days later, Pew, a blind beggar, visits the inn, delivering a summons to Bones called "the black spot". Shortly thereafter, Bones suffers another stroke and dies. Pew and his accomplices attack the inn but are attacked and routed by mounted excise officers, and Pew is trampled to death by one of their horses. Jim and his mother escape with a packet from The Captain's sea chest, which

884-570: A strong bond with the ship's one-legged cook, Long John Silver . The crew suffers a tragedy when first mate Mr. Arrow , a drunkard , is washed overboard during a storm. While hidden in an apple barrel, Jim overhears a conversation among the Hispaniola ' s crew which reveals that many of them are pirates who had served on Captain Flint's ship, the Walrus , with Silver leading them. They plan to mutiny after

952-506: A tri-racial Creole culture. 1514 census records reveal that 40% of Spanish men in the colony of Santo Domingo had Taíno wives. The most common combinations are: • Mestizos , those of mixed ancestry. Spanish is the official language in most Hispanic American countries, and it is spoken by the vast majority of the population. Native American languages are widely spoken in Chile , Peru , Guatemala , Bolivia , Paraguay and Mexico , and, to

1020-529: A wealth of seafood options, including the signature South American dish, ceviche . While potato is an important ingredient in the Highlands, Rice is the main side dish on the coast. This diversity in staples and cuisine is also evident in the differing regional cuisines within the national borders of the individual countries. While relatively unknown, there is a flag representing the countries of Spanish America, its people, history and shared cultural legacy. It

1088-531: Is La isla del tesoro . In making Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl , Treasure Island was one of many inspirations behind making the film, noted by the filmmakers like producer Jerry Bruckheimer , who regarded the 1950 Walt Disney Studio feature. It was also noted that history has a strange way of turning full circle as 53 years later, it took the very same studio's first Pirates of

1156-624: Is a combination of the story of the murder of Captain George Glas aboard the Earl of Sandwich in 1765 and the taking of the ship Walrus off the island of La Graciosa near Tenerife . The pirates of La Graciosa buried their treasure there, and were subsequently all killed in a bloody battle with the Royal Navy ; the treasure was never recovered. In his book Pirates of the Carraigin , David Kelly deals with

1224-606: Is a parallel to Billy Bones having feared John Silver and ominously referred to him by the same moniker. Regarding this change in Barbossa, actor Geoffrey Rush noted Robert Newton playing Long John Silver in Treasure Island Terry Rossio references Treasure Island and Treasure Planet in the annotations for his screenplay draft for Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales , which features

1292-470: Is a reference to Long John Silver's pet parrot Captain Flint. Both animals are named after their owner's former captain. Dead Man's Chest features the most references, beginning with Joshamee Gibbs singing Dead Man's Chest, a song from the novel, which served as the original opening of until it changed into the second scene of the film. Jack Sparrow is given the Black Spot by Bootstrap Bill Turner as

1360-629: Is all the Spanish-speaking countries of the American continent . In all of these countries, Spanish is the main language - sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaraní , Quechua , Aymara , or Mayan ) or English (in Puerto Rico ), and Latin Catholicism is the predominant religion. Hispanic America is sometimes grouped together with Brazil under

1428-474: Is empty. The pirates prepare to kill Silver and Jim, but they are driven off by the doctor's party, including Gunn. Livesey explains that Gunn had already found the bulk of the treasure and taken it to his cave, long ago. The expedition members load this portion of the treasure onto the Hispaniola and depart the island, with Silver as their only prisoner. At their first port, in Spanish America , Silver steals

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1496-403: Is found to contain a map of the island on which the infamous pirate Captain Flint hid his treasure. Jim shows the map to the local physician Dr. Livesey and the squire John Trelawney , and they decide to make an expedition to the island, with Jim serving as a cabin boy . They set sail from Bristol on a schooner chartered by Trelawney, the Hispaniola , under Captain Smollett . Jim forms

1564-496: Is not because "Pip's encounter with the convict is an adventure, but that scene is only a device to advance the main plot, which is not truly an adventure." Adventure has been a common theme since the earliest days of written fiction. Indeed, the standard plot of Heliodorus, and so durable as to be still alive in Hollywood movies , a hero would undergo a first set of adventures before he met his lady. A separation would follow, with

1632-1060: Is one of the 62 native languages spoken by indigenous people in Mexico, which are officially recognized by the government as "national languages" along with Spanish. Other European languages spoken in Hispanic America include: English, by some groups in Puerto Rico and descendants of British settlers in Argentina and Chile; German, in southern Chile and portions of Argentina, Venezuela, and Paraguay ; Italian, in Argentina, Venezuela, and Uruguay; Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian in Argentina; and Welsh , in southern Argentina. Yiddish and Hebrew can be heard around Buenos Aires. Non-European or Asian languages include Japanese in Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay; Korean in Argentina and Paraguay; Arabic in Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile; and Chinese throughout South America. In several nations, especially in

1700-436: Is practically unknown in traditional Spanish–Caribbean dishes. The cuisine of Haiti, a country with a Francophone majority, is very similar to its regional neighbors in terms of influences and ingredients used. The Argentine diet is heavily influenced by the country's position as one of the world's largest beef and wine producers, and by the impact that European immigration had on its national culture. Grilled meats are

1768-573: Is spoken by a majority of the population (who are, for the most part, bilingual), and it is co-official with Spanish in the Argentine province of Corrientes . In Nicaragua , Spanish is the official language, but on the country's Caribbean coast English and indigenous languages such as Miskito , Sumo , and Rama also hold official status. Colombia recognizes all indigenous languages spoken within its territory as official, though fewer than 1% of its population are native speakers of these languages. Nahuatl

1836-584: Is widely available not just in the United States but across other countries, where American exports are found. In Florida, Cuban food is widely available. All of these Hispanic foods in the United States have evolved in character as they have been commercially americanized by large restaurant chains and food companies. The cuisine of Spain has many regional varieties, with Mediterranean flavors based on olive oil , garlic, and tomatoes and due to its long Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, has been graced with

1904-793: The Niña , Pinta , and Santa María , used in his first voyage from Spain to the New World in 1492. The deep lilac color of the crosses evokes the color of the lion on the coat of arms of the medieval Crown of Castile . The Spanish and the Portuguese took the Latin Catholic faith to their colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; Roman Catholicism remains the predominant religion amongst most Hispanic Americans. Membership in Protestant denominations

1972-497: The Brontë Sisters , Rudyard Kipling , Sir H. Rider Haggard , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , Edgar Rice Burroughs , Victor Hugo , Emilio Salgari , Karl May , Louis Henri Boussenard , Thomas Mayne Reid , Sax Rohmer , A. Merritt , Talbot Mundy , Edgar Wallace , and Robert Louis Stevenson . Adventure novels and short stories were popular subjects for American pulp magazines , which dominated American popular fiction between

2040-602: The Jules Verne and the Heroes of Birkenhead website in August 2022. Stevenson's Treasure Island has spawned an enormous amount of literature based upon the original novel: Several sequels have also been produced in film and television, including: In worldbuilding, there are: There have been over 50 film and TV adaptations of Treasure Island . Film adaptations include: There have been over 24 major stage adaptations made, though

2108-644: The Progressive Era and the 1950s. Several pulp magazines such as Adventure , Argosy , Blue Book , Top-Notch , and Short Stories specialized in this genre. Notable pulp adventure writers included Edgar Rice Burroughs , Talbot Mundy , Theodore Roscoe , Johnston McCulley , Arthur O. Friel , Harold Lamb , Carl Jacobi , George F. Worts , Georges Surdez , H. Bedford-Jones , and J. Allan Dunn . Adventure fiction often overlaps with other genres, notably war novels , crime novels , detective novels , sea stories , Robinsonades , spy stories (as in

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2176-671: The member of Parliament for Birkenhead , supported the findings of a local historian named John Lamb that Stevenson had set his classic novel Treasure Island in the towns of Birkenhead and Wallasey on the Wirral Peninsula lying opposite Liverpool. This followed a previous announcement by Alan Evans of Wirral Borough Council that the French science fiction writer Jules Verne had also set his 1874 novel The Mysterious Island in Birkenhead. Their letters of support for Mr Lamb's claims were posted on

2244-524: The 1990s. Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican cuisines, on the other hand, tend to use a lot of pork and can depend heavily on starchy root vegetables , plantain , and rice . The most prominent influences on their Spanish culinary traditions were introduced by African slaves, and to a lesser degree, French influence from Haiti and later Chinese immigrants. The use of spicy chile peppers of varying degrees of strength used as flavour enhancers in Mexican tradition

2312-689: The Admiral Benbow Inn. The merchant ship the Edinburgh Trader was played by the Bounty , a ship replica which played the Hispaniola in the 1990 movie adaptation of the novel . Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides has Hector Barbossa begin wearing a wooden peg leg where a real one used to be, revealed to have been lost in an off-screen encounter with Blackbeard . Barbossa is feared as an omen of death and referred to as "the one legged man" by Blackbeard and his daughter Angelica , which

2380-467: The Americas began in 1492, and ultimately was part of a larger historical process of world discovery , through which various European powers colonized a considerable amount of territory and peoples in the Americas, Asia, and Africa between the 15th and 20th centuries. Hispanic America became the main part of the vast Spanish Empire . Napoleon 's intervention in Spain in 1808 and the consequent chaos initiated

2448-524: The Americas , descendants of Incas , Aztecs , Mayan , Taíno , and others. • Those of European ancestry, mainly Spanish , and Italian . • Africans who were brought over to Hispanic America during the Slave Trade . Unlike in the United States, there were no anti-miscegenation policies in Latin America . Though still a racially stratified society there were no significant barriers to gene flow between

2516-502: The Caribbean movie to reinvent and reinvigorate a moribund genre which delighted millions. One thing screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio took from their experience on Treasure Planet , was the simple premise of, "Is Long John Silver a delightful Falstaffian character or a contemptible villain?" That idea was something they carried into Captain Jack Sparrow . Hector Barbossa 's pet monkey , named "Jack" after Jack Sparrow,

2584-698: The Caribbean region, creole languages are spoken. Creole languages of mainland Latin America, similarly, are derived from European languages and various African tongues. The Garifuna language is spoken along the Caribbean coast in Honduras , Guatemala , Nicaragua and Belize mostly by the Garifuna people a mixed race Zambo people who were the result of mixing between Indigenous Caribbeans and escaped Black slaves. Primarily an Arawakan language , it has influences from Caribbean and European languages. Hispanic cuisine as

2652-524: The Devon coast, that it's all about a map and a treasure and a mutiny and a derelict ship... It's quite silly and horrid fun – and what I want is the best book about Buccaneers that can be had." Stevenson originally gave the book the title The Sea Cook . One month after conceiving of the book, chapters began to appear in the pages of the Young Folks magazine. After completing several chapters rapidly, Stevenson

2720-517: The New Forest (1847), and Harriet Martineau's The Peasant and the Prince (1856). The Victorian era saw the development of the genre, with W. H. G. Kingston , R. M. Ballantyne , and G. A. Henty specializing in the production of adventure fiction for boys. This inspired writers who normally catered to adult audiences to essay such works, such as Robert Louis Stevenson writing Treasure Island for

2788-586: The New World since the 16th century, e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, or chocolate, and the more modern tastes introduced from Europe since the 19th century, especially through French and Italian dishes. It is only in the last ten years that Hispanic American dishes have been introduced in Spain. In the United States and Canada, the number of Hispanic restaurants has become a growing trend, following the tapas -style restaurants fashion that first appeared in North America in

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2856-474: The United States, with its growing Hispanic population, food staples from Mexican cuisine and the cuisine from other Hispanic countries have become widely available. Over the years, the blending of these cuisines has produced unique American forms such as Tex-Mex cuisine . This cuisine, which originated in Texas, is based on maize products, heavily spiced ground beef, cheese and tomato sauces with chilies. This cuisine

2924-424: The areas where they predominate. In Ecuador , while holding no official status, the closely related Quichua is a recognized language of the indigenous people under the country's constitution; however, it is only spoken by a few groups in the country's highlands. In Bolivia , Aymara , Quechua and Guaraní hold official status alongside Spanish. Guaraní , along with Spanish, is an official language of Paraguay , and

2992-743: The children's magazine Young Folks under the title Treasure Island or the Mutiny of the Hispaniola , credited to the pseudonym "Captain George North". It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883 by Cassell & Co. It has since become one of the most-often dramatised and adapted novels. Since its publication Treasure Island has significantly influenced depictions of pirates in popular culture , including elements such as deserted tropical islands , treasure maps marked with an "X", and one-legged seamen with parrots perched on their shoulders. In

3060-405: The desert island genre can be traced back to 1719 when Daniel Defoe 's Robinson Crusoe was published. A century later, novels such as S. H. Burney 's The Shipwreck (1816), and Sir Walter Scott 's The Pirate (1822) continued to expand upon Defoe's classic. Other authors in the mid-19th century continued this trend, with works including James Fenimore Cooper 's The Pilot (1823). During

3128-535: The dismemberment of the Spanish Empire, as the Hispanic American territories began their struggle for emancipation . By 1830, the only remaining Spanish American territories were the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico , until the 1898 Spanish–American War . The population of the Hispanic America is made up of the descendants of three large racial groups and their combinations : • The Indigenous peoples of

3196-457: The family inside. To amuse his 12-year old stepson, Lloyd Osbourne , he used the idea of a secret map as the basis of a story about hidden treasure. He had clearly started work by 25 August, writing to a friend, "If this don't fetch the kids, why, they have gone rotten since my day. Will you be surprised to learn that it is about Buccaneers, that it begins in the Admiral Benbow public house on

3264-475: The four pirates who were killed in an attack on the stockade along with Job Anderson; the pirate killed by the honest men minus Jim Hawkins the day before the attack on the stockade; the pirate killed by Ben Gunn the night before the attack; the pirate shot by Squire Trelawney when aiming at Israel Hands, who later died of his injuries; and the pirate marooned on the island along with Tom Morgan and Dick Johnson. The historian Luis Junco suggests that Treasure Island

3332-548: The great Captain Johnson 's History of the Notorious Pirates ." Stevenson also admits that that he took the idea of Captain Flint's pointing skeleton from Poe's The Gold-Bug and he constructed Billy Bones 's history from the "Money-Diggers" section ("Golden Dreams" in particular) of Tales of a Traveller by Washington Irving , one of his favourite writers. Among other minor characters whose names are not revealed are

3400-458: The hero within the setting. With a few notable exceptions (such as Baroness Orczy , Leigh Brackett and Marion Zimmer Bradley ) adventure fiction as a genre has been largely dominated by male writers, though female writers are now becoming common. Adventure stories written specifically for children began in the 19th century. Early examples include Johann David Wyss 's The Swiss Family Robinson (1812), Frederick Marryat's The Children of

3468-433: The island. After a brief truce, the mutineers attack the stockade, with casualties on both sides of the battle. Jim makes his way to the Hispaniola and cuts the ship from its anchor, drifting it along the ebb tide. He boards the ship and encounters the pirate Israel Hands, who had been injured in a drunken dispute with one of his companions. Hands helps Jim beach the schooner in the northern bay, then attempts to kill Jim with

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3536-415: The mid-18th century, an old sailor who identifies himself as "The Captain" starts to lodge at the rural Admiral Benbow Inn on England's Bristol Channel . He tells the innkeeper's son, Jim Hawkins , to keep a lookout for "a one-legged seafaring man". Black Dog, a sailor, recognises the captain as his former shipmate Billy Bones, and confronts him. They get into a sword fight; Black Dog flees, and Bones suffers

3604-509: The number of minor adaptations remains countless. The story is also a popular plot and setting for a traditional pantomime wherein Mrs. Hawkins, Jim's mother is the dame . Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean franchise references Treasure Island many times. In the 2006 revamp of the original attraction , the island port was officially named Isla Tesoro, with the Spanish translation of Treasure Island

3672-404: The pace of the plot is at least as important as characterization, setting, and other elements of creative work. D'Ammassa argues that adventure stories make the element of danger the focus; hence he argues that Charles Dickens 's novel A Tale of Two Cities is an adventure novel because the protagonists are in constant danger of being imprisoned or killed, whereas Dickens's Great Expectations

3740-601: The piracy and murder of Captain Glas and others by the Ship's cook and his gang aboard a ship travelling from Tenerife to London. The perpetrators of this crime also buried the considerable treasure they had stolen but most of it was later recovered. They were all executed in Dublin in 1766. In his research, Kelly showed that Stevenson was a neighbour of the named victim in Edinburgh, and so was aware from an early age of these events, which had been

3808-476: The salvage of the treasure, and to murder the captain and the few remaining loyal crew. Jim secretly informs Captain Smollett, Trelawney, and Livesey. Arriving at the island and going ashore, Jim flees into the woods after witnessing Silver murder a sailor. He meets a marooned pirate named Ben Gunn , who is also a former member of Flint's crew. The mutineers arm themselves and take the ship, while Jim and Smollett's loyal band take refuge in an abandoned stockade on

3876-464: The same period, Edgar Allan Poe wrote " MS Found in a Bottle " (1833) and " The Gold-Bug " (1843). All of these works influenced Stevenson's end product. Stevenson also consciously borrowed material from previous authors. In a letter from July 1884 to Sidney Colvin , he wrote that, " Treasure Island came out of Kingsley 's At Last , where I got the Dead Man's Chest — and that was the seed — and out of

3944-471: The second set of adventures leading to a final reunion. Variations kept the genre alive. From the mid-19th century onwards, when mass literacy grew, adventure became a popular subgenre of fiction. Although not exploited to its fullest, adventure has seen many changes over the years – from being constrained to stories of knights in armor to stories of high-tech espionage. Examples of that period include Sir Walter Scott , Alexandre Dumas, père , Jules Verne ,

4012-409: The site of the treasure. After a dispute over leadership, Silver and the others set out with the map, taking Jim along as a hostage. They find a skeleton with its arms oriented toward the treasure, unnerving the party. Ben Gunn shouts Captain Flint's last words from the forest, making the superstitious pirates believe that Flint's ghost is haunting the island. They eventually find a treasure cache, but it

4080-596: The study, half the White populations of the Latin American countries studied have some degree of either Native American or African admixture ( MtDNA or Y chromosome ). In countries such as Chile and Colombia almost the entire white population was shown to have some non-European admixture. Frank Moya Pons , a Dominican historian documented that Spanish colonists intermarried with Taíno women, and, over time, these mestizo descendants intermarried with Africans, creating

4148-550: The term " Ibero-America ", meaning those countries in the Americas with cultural roots in the Iberian Peninsula . Hispanic America also contrasts with Latin America , which includes not only Hispanic America, but also Brazil (the former Portuguese America ) and the former French colonies in the Western Hemisphere (areas that are now in either the United States or Canada are usually excluded). The Spanish conquest of

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4216-460: The term is applied in the Western Hemisphere , is a misnomer. What is usually considered Hispanic cuisine in the United States is mostly Mexican and Central American cuisine. Mexican cuisine is composed of mainly indigenous— Aztec and Mayan —and Spanish influences. Mexican cuisine is considered intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO and can be found all over the United States. In

4284-494: The three populations. As a result, admixture profiles are a reflection of the colonial populations of Africans, Europeans and Amerindians. The pattern is also sex biased in that the African and Amerindian maternal lines are found in significantly higher proportions than African or Amerindian Y chromosomal lines. This is an indication that the primary mating pattern was that of European males with Amerindian or African females. According to

4352-625: The tradition of the historical adventure. The modern children's adventure novel sometimes deals with controversial issues like terrorism ( Robert Cormier , After the First Death (1979)) and warfare in the Third World ( Peter Dickinson , AK (1990)). Hispanic America The region known as Hispanic America ( Spanish : Hispanoamérica or América Hispana ) and historically as Spanish America ( Spanish : América Española ) or Castilian America ( Spanish : América Castellana )

4420-406: The works of John Buchan , Eric Ambler and Ian Fleming ), science fiction , fantasy , ( Robert E. Howard and J. R. R. Tolkien both combined the secondary world story with the adventure novel) and Westerns . Not all books within these genres are adventures. Adventure fiction takes the setting and premise of these other genres, but the fast-paced plot of an adventure focuses on the actions of

4488-442: The world's largest producers, wine is as much a staple drink to Uruguayans as beer is to Germans. In Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Chile , potato dishes are typical since the potato is originally from this region. Beef and chicken are common sources of meat. In the Highlands is the cuy , a South American name for guinea pig , a common meat. Given the coastal location, both countries have extensive fishing fleets, which provide

4556-681: Was created in October 1933 by Ángel Camblor, captain of the Uruguayan army . It was adopted by all the states of Spanish America during the Pan-American Conference of the same year in Montevideo , Uruguay . The white background stands for peace, while the Inti sun god of Inca mythology symbolizes the light shining on the Americas, and the three crosses represent Christopher Columbus ' caravels ,

4624-446: Was interrupted by illness. He left Scotland and continued working on the first draft near London, where he and his father discussed points of the tale, and his father suggested elements that he included. The novel eventually ran in seventeen weekly instalments from 1 October 1881 to 28 January 1882. The book was later republished as the novel Treasure Island and proved to be Stevenson's first financial and critical success. The growth of

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