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44-427: Adirondack Experience is open late-May to mid-October. The museum's collections include historic artifacts, photographs, indigenous arts, archival materials, and fine art documenting the region's past in twenty-four buildings including historic structures and contemporary galleries. The museum offers special events, traditional workshops, demonstrations by artisans-in-residence, and school field trips (free for schools in

88-521: A 1996 Dames & Moore environmental audit. The report, endorsed by Freeport, also estimated that during the life of the mine 3.2 billion tons of waste rock – large components of which generate acid  – would be dumped into the local river system. Overburden (waste rock) from the mine had already polluted a nearby lake due to acid mine drainage . Citing extensive, long-term and irreversible environmental damage in New Guinea,

132-457: A 2,000-foot (610 m) cliff separates the Ertsberg mine (at 12,000 feet (3,700 m) elevation) from the mill (at 10,000 feet). Moving copper concentrate from that mill to the shipping port required installation of a 109-kilometre (68 mi) slurry pipeline – then the world's longest. Mine construction and startup cost about US$ 200 million. The Ertsberg project was an engineering marvel, but

176-578: A 25% interest in oil and gas assets primarily in the western United States to Britoil for $ 73.5 million. In 1989, the company sold about $ 1.5 billion in assets to finance development of the Grasberg mine and the Main Pass offshore sulfur-oil-gas deposit off Louisiana. In 1994, the company completed the corporate spin-off of its entire interest in Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, which owned

220-666: A group of investors, to develop sulfur mining at Bryan Mound salt dome , along the US Gulf Coast . Freeport, Texas was also established in Nov. 1912 to house workers, and serve as a port for Houston, rivaling Galveston and Corpus Christi. Freeport mined sulfur along the Gulf Coast using the Frasch Process , the patents for which had expired in 1912. Previously, Union Sulphur Company founder and patent-holder Herman Frasch had enjoyed

264-400: A landslide killed eight workers. A government study concluded that the incident was the result of negligence. Important warning signs had been detected two days prior. In response to this, management moved some equipment, but did not keep workers out of the area. A month later two workers died from being exposed to sulfur fumes. The government ultimately overturned its conclusion and attributed

308-502: A monopoly on the process. The company became known as Freeport Sulphur , later changing its corporate name to Freeport Minerals . In 1922, Freeport started producing sulfur from Hoskins Mound in Brazoria County, Texas . Enterprise to support Freeport Sulphur's business and the new town's infrastructure led to the incorporation of a holding company on September 30, 1913, to join the newer assets with Freeport Sulphur. Officers of

352-898: A sale to China Molybdenum of Tenke Fungurume Mine , a cobalt/ copper mine in DRC Congo, were not successful. Instead, the Kisanfu mine was sold to China Molybdenum in a separate transaction in 2020. In December 2019, Freeport Cobalt (a joint venture between Freeport-McMoRan and Lundin Mining ) sold its cobalt refinery in Kokkola , Finland to Umicore . FCX held an effective 56% interest in that enterprise. Arizona Colorado New Mexico Past board members include Henry Kissinger , John Hay Whitney , Robert A. Lovett , Benno C. Schmidt Sr. , Gus Long , Arleigh Burke , J. Stapleton Roy , Godfrey Rockefeller and his cousin-in-law, Jean Mauzé . In 2011, Freeport

396-521: A smelter in exchange for a special permit to operate the mine until 2041. In 2018, the company ranked at number 176 on the Fortune 500 list. During this year, Indonesian President Joko Widodo also planned to take control of 51% of Freeport Indonesia's equity, effectively handing over Freeport control to the Indonesian government. The Indonesian government planned to settle payments of $ 3.85 billion during

440-426: A total enterprise value of over $ 20 billion. The transaction added significantly to the company's petroleum assets. The transaction was criticized as a conflict of interest due to the common ownership of the companies. In 2015, the company paid a $ 137.5 million settlement to resolve claims that executives and directors had conflicts of interest that resulted in the company overpaying in that transaction. In 2014,

484-591: A trustee of the Africa-America Institute , and later as Honorary Chairman and Trustee Emeritus. Hochschild died on January 23, 1981. Freeport-McMoRan Freeport-McMoRan Inc. , often called Freeport , is an American mining company based in the Freeport-McMoRan Center , in Phoenix, Arizona . The company is the world's largest producer of molybdenum , a major copper producer and operates

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528-586: A year, the Adirondack Historical Association was formed. In 1953 the historic Blue Mountain House was purchased as the site for the museum, and after years of demolition and construction, gathering historic materials and designing exhibits, the museum opened on August 3, 1957. In 1963-64 the museum sponsored the archaeological exploration of the Wiawaka Bateaux Site by Terry Crandall. In 2017,

572-567: The Government Pension Fund of Norway excluded Freeport-McMoRan from its investment portfolio, following a recommendation from the fund's ethical council. In 2013, a tunnel collapse killed twenty eight workers. The Freeport geological team claimed that the collapse at the Big Gossan tunnel was caused by erosion of the ceiling, brought about by the continuous infiltration of the limestone wallrocks by corrosive acidic groundwater. Freeport

616-684: The Grasberg mine , in extremely rugged, remote country in the Jayawijaya Mountains in what was then called the Netherlands New Guinea . In 1967, the company negotiated a contract with the Indonesian government to develop the Ertsberg deposit. In their feasibility study , Freeport geologists estimated that the orebody totaled 33 million tons averaging 2.5% copper, making it the largest above-ground copper deposit ever discovered. Construction of an open pit mine began in May 1970 and in mid-1973

660-535: The Adirondack Park). The museum contains a research library which is accessible year-round; its publication program has produced 65 books of Adirondack history, art histories, and museum catalogs. The museum was created in 1948 by Harold K. Hochschild as an effort to protect the steam locomotive and two cars that had been abandoned on the Marion River Carry between Utowana and Raquette Lakes . Within

704-639: The American Metal Company (AMCO), a smelter and refiner of ores and scrap. Prior to World War I, AMCO made a minority investment in Climax Molybdenum Company, the world's largest producer of molybdenum named after the Climax mine ; the investment paid off due to increased demand from the war. In 1930, AMCO purchased a major interest in two of the world's largest copper mines in Africa. In 1934, he

748-488: The American Metal Company merged with the Climax Molybdenum Company. The new entity was renamed AMAX Inc. and Hochschild retired as CEO. In 1993, AMAX merged with the Cyprus Mines Corporation to form Cyprus Amax Minerals Company, the world's leading producer of molybdenum and lithium, and a leading producer of copper and coal. In 1999, Cyprus Amax Minerals was acquired by Phelps Dodge Corporation which in turn

792-569: The Canadian mining company Bre-X 's claims of having found the largest gold mine ever discovered, in Borneo. Freeport announced that its prospective partner Bre-X did not have gold reserves at its Indonesian mine, as it had reported. Bre-X subsequently was exposed as a fraud and went bankrupt. In 1998, low commodity prices forced the company to suspend its dividend. In 2003, the company was subpoenaed as part of an investigation by anti-trust authorities in

836-489: The Frasch patents in 1908. From its earliest inception, sulfur mining was the catalyst that developed Port Sulphur, Louisiana . The company produced nickel during World War II and potash in the 1950s. In 1955, Freeport Nickel invested $ 119 million, of which $ 100 million came from the U.S. government, into construction of a nickel- cobalt mine at Moa Bay, Cuba , and a refinery at Port Nickel, Louisiana . On March 11, 1957,

880-507: The Grasberg mine. In 1995, RTZ, a predecessor of Rio Tinto Group , made a $ 450 million investment in the company. In 1997, IMC Global , a large fertilizer producer, acquired Freeport-McMoRan Inc., the former parent company that now owned the sulfur and fertilizer businesses, in a $ 750 million transaction. Shareholders of Freeport-McMoRan received shares of IMC Global. In 1997, the Indonesian government asked Freeport-McMoRan to substantiate

924-690: The Log Hotel, built in 1876 and original to the museum's site, which is on the National Register of Historic Places . Other material includes: On July 1st, 2023, a permanent exhibition called Artists & Inspiration in the Wild opened inside the former Lynn Boillot Art Galleries. The museum received a $ 500,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in 2022 to help support the construction of

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968-528: The U.S. government announced a contract to buy nickel and cobalt from the company. In 1956, the company formed the Freeport Oil Company. In 1958, the company sold an oil discovery near Lake Washington in Louisiana for approximately $ 100 million to Magnolia Petroleum Company . In 1959, Freeport geologists confirmed the 1936 Dutch discovery of the rich Ertsberg copper and gold deposits, now known as

1012-537: The United States, Canada, and Europe into price fixing in the copper industry. On March 19, 2007, the company acquired Phelps Dodge (for $ 25.9 Billion) and became the largest copper producer of any public company in the world. The corporate headquarters was moved from New Orleans , Louisiana to Phoenix, Arizona . In 2012, the company announced agreements to acquire affiliated companies McMoRan Exploration Company and Plains Exploration & Production Company for

1056-507: The art department at Princeton University. His wife was of English and Scottish descent and predeceased him in 1974. They had one son, Adam Hochschild (born October 5, 1942), a writer and journalist who married to sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild . He was an amateur historian and a trustee of the New York State Historical Association . He wrote Township 34 , a history of the central Adirondacks . He served as

1100-574: The company changed its name to Freeport Minerals Company, (not to be confused with Freeport Minerals Corporation, founded in 1834). In 1981, Freeport Minerals Company merged with the McMoRan Oil and Gas Company. In 1981, the company formed a 70/30 joint venture with an affiliate of FMC Corporation to operate the Jerritt Canyon gold mine near Elko, Nevada . In 1985, the company headquarters moved to New Orleans , Louisiana . The company also sold

1144-577: The company for annual fees of $ 1.5 million. In May 2016, the company sold a 13% interest in its Morenci Mine to Sumitomo Group for $ 1 billion in cash. In 2016, Freeport sold its deepwater assets, including the Marlin TLP, and the Holstein and Horn Mountain spars, to Anadarko Petroleum . In August 2017, the company agreed to give a 51% interest in the Grasberg mine to the Government of Indonesia and build

1188-589: The company sold its assets in the Eagle Ford shale to Encana for $ 3.1 billion. In 2015, the company announced job cuts at its Sierrita Mine in Arizona due to low copper and molybdenum prices. On December 28, 2015, the company announced that James R. Moffett would resign as chairman of the company and be replaced by Gerald J. Ford . Moffett received $ 16.1 million in severance pay and cash retirement plans totaling more than $ 63 million. Moffett continued to consult for

1232-672: The exhibit. Harold K. Hochschild Harold K. Hochschild (May 20, 1892 – January 23, 1981) was the president of the American Metal Company , a conservationist, a philanthropist, and the founder of the Adirondack Museum . Hochschild was born to a Jewish family, in New York on May 20, 1892, the son of Mathilde (née Blumenthal) and Berthold Hochschild . His brother was Walter Hochschild . In 1912, he graduated from Yale University and joined his father's company,

1276-544: The incident to natural causes. In 2005, The New York Times reported that the company paid local military and police generals, colonels, majors and captains, and military units, a total of nearly US$ 20 million between 1998 and 2004. One individual received up to US$ 150,000. The payments were meant to secure the reserve. The company responded that the payments did not go to individuals, but went into infrastructure, food, housing, fuel, travel, vehicle repairs, and allowances to cover incidental and administrative costs. According to

1320-491: The mine was declared fully operational. Officials at Bechtel , the primary project contractor, called mine development at Ertsberg "the most difficult engineering project they had ever undertaken." The challenges included building a 101-kilometre (63 mi) long access road (a project that required boring kilometer long tunnels through two mountains) and constructing the world's longest single span aerial tramway . The tramways were needed to move people, supplies and ore because

1364-532: The mine's early financial performance was disappointing. Depressed copper prices and high operating costs kept profits marginal during the 1970s. In 1967 The McMoRan Oil and Gas Company was founded by three partners, William Kennon McWilliams Jr. ("Mc"), James Robert (Jim Bob) Moffett ("Mo"), who were both petroleum geologists , and Mack Rankin ("Ran"), a specialist in land-leasing and sales operations. In 1981, McMoRab would merge with Freeport Minerals, formerly Freeport Sulphur, to form Freeport-McMoRan. In 1971,

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1408-502: The name changed from The Adirondack Museum to Adirondack Experience, The Museum on Blue Mountain Lake to better represent what the current institution is. The museum collection includes a number of large objects, including a Pullman railroad car, several guide boats and an Idem class racing sailboat, a steam locomotive , a one-room schoolhouse , the rustic "Sunset Cottage", the complete cabin of author and ecologist Anne LaBastille , and

1452-526: The new holding company, Freeport Texas Company , were: The new corporation's principal assets were listed as: In 1919, minority stockholders John R. Williams & Sons , First National Bank of Richmond, Virginia vice-president, W. M. Addison, Benjamin P Alsopp , E. L. Norton , and Samuel W. Travers solicited proxies to use at the April 5th annual stockholders' meeting, claiming, according to reports, that "management has refused them adequate information regarding

1496-558: The property. President E.P. Swenson denies that information has been thus withheld and states that the board, which represents the dominant interests, has no vacancies at the present time." In 1928, shareholder and scion of one of the founding investment firms, John Langbourne Williams & Sons, Langbourne Meade Williams, Jr. launched a proxy fight for control of the company. In 1929, he then sought help from his former supervisor at Lee, Higginson & Co. , J.T. Claiborne, who then enlisted clerk John Hay Whitney – who had become one of

1540-483: The report, anonymous sources within the company claimed that company chairman James R. Moffet courted Indonesia's dictator Suharto and "his cronies", cutting them in on deals. Another employee is said to have worked on a program to monitor environmentalists' telephone and email conversations, in collaboration with Indonesian military intelligence officers. The Grasberg mine's tailings "severely impacted" more than 11 square miles (28 km ) of rainforest, according to

1584-739: The sulfur rights for Lake Grande Ecaille and vicinity in Plaquemines Parish , Louisiana, and escalated the development of sulfur deposits in the Grand Ecaille dome in 1933, still using the Frasch Process developed by Dr. Herman Frasch , who had, in 1895, enjoined the American Sulphur Company into a partnership, forming the Union Sulphur Company , to initiate the first successful sulfur mining at Grand Ecaille, with which Freeport, like other competitors, would compete upon expiry of

1628-496: The takeover process. The Indonesian government finalized the process on December 21, 2018. Freeport is the world's largest producer of molybdenum , and one of the largest producers of copper. In 2019, 79% of its revenues were from the sale of copper , 11% were from the sale of gold , and 8% were from the sale of molybdenum . In 2019, sales to the company's copper refining joint venture in Gresik Regency accounted for 13% of

1672-516: The total revenues of the company. Some of the company's mining operations are as follows: Freeport Cobalt held a 100% interest in Kisanfu, a copper and cobalt exploration project located near Tenke, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This subsidiary also owns a large cobalt refinery in Kokkola , Finland, along with a related sales and marketing business. FCX has an effective 56% of that enterprise. Negotiations in 2016 to include these cobalt projects in

1716-587: The wealthiest men in America following the 1927 death of his father, Payne Whitney . Williams eventually gained control of the company from founder Swenson, becoming its president in 1931, with Claiborne as a Vice-President, and Whitney as Chairman. Williams also served as Chairman during 1958–1967. Williams led the company's diversification, beginning with the purchase of manganese deposits in Oriente Province , Cuba. In 1932, Freeport Sulphur Company acquired

1760-460: The world's largest gold mine , the Grasberg mine in Papua, Indonesia . The current company was created in 1981 through the merger of Freeport Minerals , formerly Texas Freeport Sulphur Company and McMoRan Oil & Gas Company , becoming Freeport-McMoRan Inc. Freeport Sulphur Company was founded July 12, 1912, by the eldest son of Svante Magnus "E.M." Swenson , banker Eric Pierson Swenson, with

1804-757: Was accused of negligence by the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission. The company is a signatory participant of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights . However, the company has been accused of funding the Indonesian government to secure its reserve through militaristic oppression of the native West Papuan people. Freeport has had a troubled relationship with the Amungme and Kamoro peoples since it arrived in Indonesia in 1967. Freeport allegedly damaged 30.000 hectares of

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1848-736: Was acquired by Freeport-McMoRan (NYSE: FCX) in 2007, forming the world's largest copper producer. He served as chairman of a commission appointed by Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller that recommended major changes in the administration of the Adirondack Park in 1971, leading to the creation of the Adirondack Park Agency . He also served as a trustee of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1941, he married Mary Marquand, daughter of Eleanor and Professor Allan Marquand , founder of

1892-504: Was elected president of AMCO. While Hochschild served in the Army during World War II , the family business boomed, thanks to the demand brought about by the war; he returned to the US as a lieutenant colonel. Under his tenure, AMCO expanded into petroleum, potash, and silver. In 1947, he was elected as board chairman; in 1950, he was replaced as president by his brother, Walter Hochschild . In 1957,

1936-414: Was fined by the U.S. Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration over the death of a miner. The 67-year-old man had fallen into a hole created by the removal of two steel gratings. It was concluded that Freeport had not done enough to indicate that the hole was there. The company operates the world's largest and most profitable gold mine, the Grasberg mine in Papua, Indonesia . In 2003,

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