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20-552: The Adelsverein was organized on April 20, 1842, by 21 German noblemen at Biebrich on the Rhine . They gathered at the castle of the German Duke of Nassau , the future Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg , who was named Protector of the Society. In Germany, the society was referred to as Mainzer Adelsverein after the city of Mainz , where it was officially registered. The society represented

40-699: A land grant in Comanche territory settled by German abolitionists and Free-Soilers . The unsettled land had formerly been part of the Fisher–Miller Land Grant . It was part of a series of immigrant settlements sponsored by a group of prominent Germans known as the Adelsverein , including Baron Emil von Kriewitz, John O. Meusebach , Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels , Hermann Spiess , Gustav Schleicher , Ferdinand Ludwig Herff , and Count Carl Frederick Christion of Castell-Castell (1801–1850). Count Castell

60-542: A population of 72 people in 1972 and again in 2000. In 2007, a Castell promotional site claimed a population of only 23. Castell is in the Central Time Zone and is assigned ZIP code 76831 and area code 325. Castell has several small businesses, mainly centering on camping and hospitality as a result of the flyfishing and kayaking opportunities there. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to

80-659: A significant effort to establish a new Germany on Texas soil through organized mass emigration. The land for the emigrants was to be purchased by the Adelsverein or secured through land grants from the Republic of Texas . On January 9, 1843, Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck bought the 4,428-acre Nassau Plantation in Fayette County, Texas , for $ 0.75 an acre and named it for the Duke of Nassau. Twenty-five slaves were bought to work

100-680: A single person) with the Adelsverein to cover transportation and housing at the colony and as credit to draw upon until they made their first harvest. The first Adelsverein-sponsored immigrants arrived in Galveston in July 1844. They traveled from Galveston to Indianola in December 1844, then moved inland to land grants acquired by the Adelsverein near Comal Springs . Prince Solms named the first colony New Braunfels in honor of his homeland. Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller sold their 1842 land grant to

120-653: Is a small unincorporated , rural town in Llano County, Texas , United States. It is part of the Texas German belt region, and most residents are still ethnic German-Texan. Its population was 104 at the 2010 census. Located in the heart of the Texas Hill Country , its northern border is formed by the Llano River . It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1964, marker number 9440. Castell began in 1847 as

140-657: The Königssondergau Wiesbaden, held by the Frankish king as his personal property. Biebrich was first mentioned in historical documents in 874. King Louis the German and his entourage boarded vessels at Villa Biburg on a trip from Frankfurt to Aachen . Beginning of the 18th century, the princes ( Fürsten ) of Nassau built the Baroque Biebrich Palace ( Schloss Biebrich ). When this magnificent building

160-461: The Adelsverein funding expired, and also due to conflict of structure and authorities. Some members moved to other Adelsverein settlements in Texas. Others moved elsewhere, or returned to Germany. Source: Wiesbaden-Biebrich Biebrich is a borough of the city of Wiesbaden , Hesse , Germany . With over 38,000 inhabitants, it is the most-populated of Wiesbaden's boroughs. It is located south of

180-467: The Adelsverein on June 22, 1844. This grant was intended to provide for more settlements in Texas. After Prince Solms returned to Germany, John O. Meusebach was appointed the second commissioner general of the Adelsverein in April 1845. He founded the first settlement on the outskirts of the land grant, and named it Fredericksburg , in honor of Adelsverein member Prince Frederick of Prussia . The land grant

200-719: The city center on the Rhine River, opposite the Mainz borough of Mombach . Biebrich was an independent city until it was incorporated into Wiesbaden in 1926. Numerous prehistoric and early-historical archeological finds indicate that the Biebrich area has been continuously inhabited since the Neolithic Age . In the Middle Ages , from the beginning of the reign of Charlemagne , the places Biburc (Biebrich) and Moskebach (Mosbach) were part of

220-445: The economical crisis of the post- World War I Era, the small town, struck hard by unemployment of the majority of his working-class residents, merged with the bigger and much wealthier nearby spa city of Wiesbaden. In 1951, the 633rd AAA Gun Battalion, 90mm, 7th Army U.S. NATO Occupation Forces were stationed in Biebrich. Biebrich is twinned with: Castell, Texas Castell ( / k æ ˈ s t ɛ l / ka- STEL )

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240-594: The first settler in Shelby, Texas , in 1841, a year before the Adelsverein was founded in Germany, and three years before the Adelsverein sent its first colonists to Texas. Von Roeder had emigrated to Texas from Westphalia in the 1830s and was not affiliated with the Adelsverein's colonization efforts. The community of Shelby had been named for David Shelby, one of the Old Three Hundred under Stephen F. Austin . Shelby became

260-506: The home of many Adelsverein colonists in 1845, but it was not founded by the organization. Shelby was one of the Latin Settlement communities populated by German intellectuals who had settled in Texas after 1848 . Prince Carl was appointed commissioner general by the Adelsverein in May 1844 to lead its colony in Texas. Each head of household was required to deposit 600 gulden (300 gulden for

280-758: The mid-19th century, a tour guide has written Life here was not easy. For the first couple of years, Castellites depended heavily on supplies and support from the people of Fredericksburg, who had problems enough of their own. A round trip to Fredericksburg—about 50 miles—took 4 days. Castell briefly experienced an influx of about 20 Mormon pioneer families under the leadership of Lyman Wight . They had settled in Zodiac, Texas , in 1847, in Mormon Mill in 1851, and then settled in Castell briefly before moving south in 1854 to Bandera, Texas . Wight died on March 31, 1858, and his body

300-454: The property, which initially was considered as the primary base for arriving German immigrants. When Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels inspected the plantation in 1844, he recommended the Verein divest itself of the property, rather than be associated with slavery. Gustav Dresel, Special Business Agent for the Adelsverein, sold Nassau Plantation on July 28, 1848, to Otto von Roeder. Von Roeder had been

320-683: The separate Darmstadt Society of Forty to colonize 200 families on the Fisher–Miller Land Grant territory in Texas . In return, they were to receive $ 12,000 in money, livestock, equipment, and provisions for a year. After the first year, the colonies were expected to support themselves. The colonies attempted were Castell , Leiningen, Bettina , Schoenburg and Meerholz in Llano County ; Darmstädler Farm in Comal County ; and Tusculum in Kendall County . Of these, only Castell survives. The colonies failed after

340-887: Was completed in 1744, the Prince of Nassau-Usingen relocated his residence from the far side of the Taunus to Biebrich. Until the completion of the City Palace in Wiesbaden in 1841, Biebrich was the principal residence of the Princes (and, after 1806, the Dukes) of Nassau. In the 19th century, Biebrich became an important industrial center of the Rhine Main Area with the plants of Dyckerhoff Concrete (now owned by Buzzi Unicem ), Kalle and Albert Chemistry (now Celanese ), and Henkell (sparkling wine = Sekt). In

360-596: Was located in Comanche territory, and to colonize, Meusebach first negotiated a treaty between the German Immigration Company (Adelsverein) and the Penateka Comanche. A separate agreement was made with the Darmstadt Forty , to settle socialist colonies within the land grant. In 1853, due to a large amount of debt, Adelsverein ended its colonization campaign in Texas. Count Castell negotiated with

380-669: Was returned to Zodiac for burial. Due to the Mormon custom of sending out missionaries, the Castellite congregations of 19th-century North Carolina possibly took their name from the Mormons who lived briefly in Castell, Texas. The community was originally on the north bank of the Llano River, but now is on the south bank in the western part of Llano County near the Mason County line. Castell had

400-455: Was the vice president and business manager from the beginning of the Adelsverein until about the time of Castel's founding. The other communities were Schoenburg, Meerholz, Leiningen, and Bettina . The first two were unsuccessful from the start. Leiningen and Bettina had brief lives, with Bettina lasting only a year. Only Castell remains in Llano County. Describing conditions in Castell in

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