106-533: The Adelaide Central Market is a major fresh produce market in Adelaide , South Australia . As one of the oldest markets in Australia, Adelaide Central Market has a large range of fresh food, including fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, seafood , cheeses, baked goods, small goods, and health foods, along with several cafés and eateries. Currently, approximately one million kilograms of fresh produce are delivered to
212-558: A concrete slab foundation , lined with Gyprock , and with an outer skin of brickwork, to cope with Adelaide's reactive soils , particularly Keswick Clay, black earth and some red-brown earth soils. The use of precast concrete panels for floor and wall construction has also increased. In addition to this, a significant factor in Adelaide's suburban history is the role of the South Australian Housing Trust . Adelaide has
318-531: A 14-foot (4.3 m) wide staircase opposite the entrance that led up to the balcony foyer. Its stage was fully equipped to accommodate live performances. Its decorations included Moroccan style details, period Louis XV furniture, and Arabesque filigree on the walls, some of which still remains. There were also tapestries , paintings, statues, and murals. It resembled the Regent Theatre in Sydney . Along with
424-547: A 20th-century motor city. The Mannum–Adelaide pipeline brought River Murray water to Adelaide in 1955 and an airport opened at West Beach in 1955. Flinders University and the Flinders Medical Centre were established in the 1960s at Bedford Park, south of the city. Today, Flinders Medical Centre is one of the largest teaching hospitals in South Australia. In the post-war years around the early 1960s, Adelaide
530-499: A complex social structure including a class of sorcerers separated from regular society. Within a few decades of European settlement of South Australia , Kaurna culture was almost completely destroyed. The last speaker of Kaurna language died in 1929. Extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both, which has included a commitment by local and state governments to rename or include Kaurna names for many local places. Based on
636-597: A hectic era of land booms and tumultuous expansionism. Financial institutions in Melbourne and banks in Sydney closed. The national fertility rate fell and immigration was reduced to a trickle. The value of South Australia's exports nearly halved. Drought and poor harvests from 1884 compounded the problems, with some families leaving for Western Australia. Adelaide was not as badly hit as the larger gold-rush cities of Sydney and Melbourne, and silver and lead discoveries at Broken Hill provided some relief. Only one year of deficit
742-487: A hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) under the Köppen climate classification . The city has hot, dry summers and cool winters with moderate rainfall. Most precipitation falls in the winter months, leading to the suggestion that the climate be classified as a "cold monsoon". Rainfall is unreliable, light and infrequent throughout summer, although heavy falls can occur. The winter has fairly reliable rainfall with June being
848-464: A number of arcades and plazas containing smaller boutiques and eateries. These include the Italianate -style Adelaide Arcade (also being the first retail establishment in Australia with electric lighting, and allegedly home to six ghosts ), Regent Arcade, Gay's Arcade , City Cross, Southern Cross, Adelaide Central Plaza, Myer Centre, Renaissance Arcade, and Rundle Place. The mall directly competes with
954-440: A practice which at that time included Herbert Montefiore Jackman (1897–1968). It was built by J. Reid Tyler, under the personal supervision of cinema filmmaker and entrepreneur F. W. Thring by Hoyts , and opened on 29 June 1928. It was one of the most ornate cinemas and glamorous picture theatres of its time, and originally seated 2,229 people. Its ceiling was highly ornate, featuring hidden recessed lighting, and it had
1060-522: A significant increase in the state government's spending on Adelaide's infrastructure occurred. The Rann government invested A$ 535 million in a major upgrade of the Adelaide Oval to enable Australian Football League to be played in the city centre and more than A$ 2 billion to build a new Royal Adelaide Hospital on land adjacent to the Adelaide Railway Station. The Glenelg tramline
1166-689: A single undercover area. The Market is owned by the City of Adelaide and is managed by the Adelaide Central Market Authority (a subsidiary and statutory authority of the City of Adelaide), which also manages the car park above the entire precinct. Originally known as Victoria Square Arcade, the Central Market Arcade is located to the immediate east of the Central Market. The current arcade
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#17328520359991272-504: A substantial majority of the South Australian House of Assembly. Of the 47 seats in the chamber, 34 seats (three-quarters of the legislature) are based in Adelaide, and two rural seats include Adelaide suburbs. The Adelaide metropolitan area is divided between nineteen local government areas . At its centre, the City of Adelaide administers the Adelaide city centre , North Adelaide , and the surrounding Adelaide Parklands . It
1378-639: A team of men to set out Adelaide, using various templates for city plans going back to Ancient Greece , including Italian Renaissance designs and the similar layouts of the American cities Philadelphia and Savannah –which, like Adelaide, follow the same layout of a central city square, four complementing city squares surrounding it and a parklands area that surrounds the city centre. The benefits of Light's design are numerous: Adelaide has had wide multi-lane roads from its beginning, an easily navigable cardinal direction grid layout and an expansive green ring around
1484-554: A total land area of 870 km (340 sq mi), while a more expansive definition by the Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a "Greater Adelaide" statistical area totalling 3,259.8 km (1,258.6 sq mi). The city sits at an average elevation of 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level. Mount Lofty , east of the Adelaide metropolitan region in the Adelaide Hills at an elevation of 727 metres (2,385 ft),
1590-517: Is a brand owned by SH Hotels & Resorts, with Treehouse Hotel London being the first to open in November 2019. The Adelaide one will be the first in Australia, but it is also expanding to Manchester , California , and Florida . Including the main Central Market building, the Central Market Precinct is composed of five separately managed areas. The market itself holds over 76 stalls in
1696-515: Is a common meeting place for visitors to the mall. Erected in 1977, they were commissioned by the then Hindmarsh Building Society (subsequently absorbed into the Adelaide Bank ) and donated to the City of Adelaide to mark the building society's 1977 centenary. Other sculpture includes a group of life-size bronze pigs − Horatio, Truffles, Augusta and Oliver - rooting around a rubbish bin. South African-born artist Marguerite Derricourt created
1802-638: Is left to be found in reserves such as the Cleland National Park and Belair National Park . A number of creeks and rivers flow through the Adelaide region. The largest are the Torrens and Onkaparinga catchments. Adelaide relies on its many reservoirs for water supply with the Happy Valley Reservoir supplying around 40% and the much larger Mount Bold Reservoir 10% of Adelaide's domestic requirements respectively. Adelaide and its surrounding area
1908-683: Is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The city stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km (56 mi) from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. According to the Regional Development Australia, an Australian government planning initiative, the "Adelaide Metropolitan Region" has
2014-493: Is now the suburb of Glenelg North . The event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day . The site of the colony's capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light , the first surveyor-general of South Australia, with his own original, unique, topographically sensitive design. The city was named after Queen Adelaide . Adelaide was established as a planned colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution, based upon
2120-480: Is one of the most seismically active regions in Australia. On 1 March 1954 at 3:40 am Adelaide experienced its largest recorded earthquake to date, with the epicentre 12 km from the city centre at Darlington , and a reported magnitude of 5.6. There have been smaller earthquakes in 2010, 2011, 2014, 2017, 2018 and 2022. The uplands of the Adelaide Hills , part of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges to
2226-448: Is the capital and most populous city of South Australia , and the fifth-most populous city in Australia . The name "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills ) or the Adelaide city centre . The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide. The traditional owners of the Adelaide region are the Kaurna . The area of
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#17328520359992332-443: Is the oldest municipal authority in Australia and was established in 1840, when Adelaide and Australia's first mayor, James Hurtle Fisher , was elected. From 1919 onwards, the city has had a Lord Mayor , the current being Lord Mayor The Right Honourable Jane Lomax-Smith . Adelaide's inhabitants are known as Adelaideans. Rundle Mall Rundle Mall is a pedestrian street mall located in Adelaide , South Australia . It
2438-467: Is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the cultural boulevards of North Terrace and King William Street . The area around modern-day Adelaide was originally inhabited by the Indigenous Kaurna people, one of many Aboriginal tribes in South Australia. The city and parklands area was known as Tarntanya, Tandanya, now
2544-475: Is the tallest point of the city and in the state south of Burra . The city borders the Temperate Grassland of South Australia in the east, an endangered vegetation community. Much of Adelaide was bushland before British settlement, with some variation – sandhills, swamps and marshlands were prevalent around the coast. The loss of the sandhills to urban development had a particularly destructive effect on
2650-581: The Adelaide city centre and a ring of parks, known as the Adelaide Parklands , surrounding it. Light's selection of the location for the city was initially unpopular with the early settlers, as well as South Australia's first governor, John Hindmarsh, due to its distance from the harbour at Port Adelaide, and the lack of fresh water there. Light successfully persisted with his choice of location against this initial opposition. Recent evidence suggests that Light worked closely with George Kingston as well as
2756-517: The Australian Space Agency being headquartered here. Adelaide's quality of life has ranked consistently highly in various measures through the 21st century, at one stage being named Australia's most liveable city, third in the world. Its aesthetic appeal has also been recognised by Architectural Digest , which ranked Adelaide as the most beautiful city in the world in 2024. As South Australia's government and commercial centre, Adelaide
2862-730: The East End Markets , between Rundle Street and North Terrace , to a new market site known as the City Market. They traded on open land for some time. Two large sheds were built in Grote Street that year, completed by June. The City Market was officially opened by Mayor Judah Solomon on 23 January 1870. Later that year, three acres of land were bought for £2,600 in the present-day location. At its commencement, it opened on Tuesdays and Saturdays with 50–100 produce carts selling vegetables, fruit, hay, fish, and game. Shops were built along
2968-543: The Italianate -style Adelaide Arcade, Regent Arcade, Gay's Arcade , City Cross, Southern Cross, Adelaide Central Plaza, Myer Centre, Renaissance Arcade, and Rundle Place. There are often buskers performing in the mall, licensed by the Adelaide City Council . Rundle Mall is 520 m (1,710 ft) long, making it the longest pedestrian mall in the southern hemisphere. Rundle Mall welcomes over 800,000 visitors per week, surpassing 42 million annually, making it
3074-584: The Jubilee Exhibition Building on North Terrace between 1887 and 1962 (the other is now located in the Creswell Gardens ). When Rundle Mall was being established, the cast-iron fountain. painted in Victorian colours, was relocated to the centre of the intersection of the mall and Gawler Place; it was later moved to the entrance to Adelaide Arcade. The fountain bears a foundry plate showing it
3180-649: The Kent Town Brewery , with various lines travelling through different routes in the eastern suburbs. The first picture theatre in Rundle Street was the Arcadia Picture Palace, established in a prominent position at no. 127 (at a site now just west of the present Twin Street) in converted shoe store on 2 July 1910. However this modest-looking cinema did not last long, closing on 11 February 1911. A new cinema
3286-462: The Lord Mayor of Adelaide (then Isaac Isaacs ) and other notable people took place on 30 November 1916, while the public opening took place the following day, when The Fool's Revenge was shown. Drake and his son continued to operate the cinema for many years, earning good profits, and well-known organist Horace Weber played at the theatre. In the early 1930s, with the advent of " talkies ",
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3392-554: The SA Government announced plans for a network of transport-oriented developments across the Adelaide metropolitan area and purchased a 10 hectare industrial site at Bowden for $ 52.5 million as the first of these developments. Historically, Adelaide's suburban residential areas have been characterised by single-storey detached houses built on 1,000-square-metre ( 1 ⁄ 4 -acre) blocks. A relative lack of suitable, locally-available timber for construction purposes led to
3498-1102: The Torrens Building in Victoria Square as the Adelaide campus for Carnegie Mellon University, University College London, and Torrens University; the Stock Exchange building as the Science Exchange of the Royal Institution Australia; and the Glenside Psychiatric Hospital as the Adelaide Studios of the SA Film Corporation . The government invested more than A$ 2 billion to build a desalination plant , powered by renewable energy, as an "insurance policy" against droughts affecting Adelaide's water supply . The Adelaide Festival , Fringe , and Womadelaide became annual events. Adelaide
3604-672: The Wondergraph in Hindley Street , the Regent became the first in Adelaide to feature talkies . In 1967 it was reduced in size to cater for dwindling audiences, with the conversion including the creation of the Regent Arcade. When it reopened in May 1968, it seated just 894 people. The theatre's frontage was rebuilt on Grenfell Street . Regent Theatre finally closed in 2004 and was incorporated into
3710-621: The lower house known as the House of Assembly and the upper house known as the Legislative Council . General elections are held every four years, the last being the 2022 South Australian state election . As Adelaide is South Australia's capital and most populous city, the State Government co-operates extensively with the City of Adelaide . In 2006, the Ministry for the City of Adelaide
3816-590: The " City of Churches " due to its diversity of faiths. The city has also been renowned for its automotive industry , as well as being the original host of the Australian Grand Prix in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 1985 to 1995. Today, Adelaide is known by its many festivals and sporting events, its food and wine , its coastline and hills, its large defence and manufacturing sectors, and its emerging space sector, including
3922-570: The 1970s, deep red and brown bricks became popular. Until the 1970s, roofs tended to be clad with (painted) corrugated iron or cement or clay tiles, usually red "terracotta". Since then, Colorbond corrugated steel has dominated. Most roofs are pitched. Flat roofs are not common. Up to the 1970s, most houses were of "double brick" construction on concrete footings, with timber floors laid on joists supported by "dwarf walls". Later houses have mainly been of " brick veneer " construction – structural timber or, more recently, lightweight steel frame on
4028-480: The 1990s, but these were later removed. In 2013, the Adelaide City Council commenced a $ 27 million upgrade of the mall that was completed in four stages over a 16-month period. New paving, benches, trees, bins, a multi-purpose structure and ground services were installed. The Rundle Mall master plan also included a catenary lighting system to be supported by four 20-metre (66 ft) poles at either end of
4134-556: The Australian states were established after the Murray River was successfully navigated in 1853 by Francis Cadell , an Adelaide resident. South Australia became a self-governing colony in 1856 with the ratification of a new constitution by the British parliament. Secret ballots were introduced, and a bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109,917 people lived in
4240-505: The Gawler Place entrance of the mall. The sculpture was commissioned by the City of Adelaide and was completed by South Australian artist Paul Sloan. The majority of buildings on the Mall contain a small number of retail tenancies. There are also many larger arcades and shopping centres that lead off the Mall or blocks around it. No single company or organisation owns a significant proportion of
4346-461: The Grand Theatre) on the site of the hotel, to the design of architect R. R. G. (Rowland) Assheton, with construction supervised by architect A. J. C. Assheton. It was an elaborate building of five storeys (some of it used as an hotel ), with a ticket box of marble, a wide arch at its front entrance, two sliding roofs for ventilation purposes, and a polished cedar staircase. Its opening night for
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4452-591: The Mall's real estate. A number of public laneways lead off the mall, such as Gawler Place , James Place, Charles Street, Twin Street, and No Fixed Address Lane . These are home to more retail tenants. There are a number of arcades and plazas off the mall and its laneways, including: Major department stores in Rundle Mall are David Jones ; Kmart ; and Myer . Target is on the opposite side of Pulteney Street. Other large tenants: Former major tenants: Rundle Mall
4558-594: The Resident Commissioner, James Hurtle Fisher . The rural area surrounding Adelaide was surveyed by Light in preparation to sell a total of over 405 km (156 sq mi) of land. Adelaide's early economy started to get on its feet in 1838 with the arrival of livestock from Victoria , New South Wales and Tasmania . Wool production provided an early basis for the South Australian economy. By 1860, wheat farms had been established from Encounter Bay in
4664-515: The arcade. The cinema was featured in a photographic exhibition called Now Showing... Cinema Architecture in South Australia held at the Hawke Centre 's Kerry Packer Civic Gallery in April/May 2024. In April 2022 the upper level of the cinema opened as a Dymocks bookstore, with its ornate ceiling intact. In November 1972, the then South Australian Premier, Don Dunstan , issued the closure of
4770-468: The arts, building upon the biennial " Adelaide Festival of Arts " that commenced in 1960. The State Bank collapsed in 1991 during an economic recession. The effects lasted until 2004, when Standard & Poor's reinstated South Australia's AAA credit rating. Adelaide's tallest building, completed in 2020, is called the Adelaidean and is located at 11 Frome Street. In the early years of the 21st century,
4876-413: The bronze sculptures in a national competition instigated by the City of Adelaide . In 2013, there was giant cockroach statue added to the mall. This statue was salvaged from a junk yard and cleaned up, before being placed in the mall. Police reported two men for dragging the statue six metres along the mall. In December 2020, there was a 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) tall steel pigeon statue placed at
4982-685: The busiest shopping mall in Australia. Around 1,000 retail, services, and food and beverage businesses are present in the mall. Its terraces and storefronts feature ornate European architecture from the late 19th and 20th centuries, as well as modern buildings. It is also home to flagship retail stores of many large Australian retailers, and many smaller independent and chain stores . It features numerous luxury brands such as Tiffany & Co , Breitling , Tag Heuer , The Hour Glass (Rolex) , Sephora , Bulgari and Cartier authorised dealers, as well as Gucci , Dior , Armani and Chanel , who operate concessions inside David Jones . The mall also features
5088-465: The circle on warm nights. During the late 1930s, after a change in ownership, the cinema was remodelled in Art Deco / Moderne style, with an openable roof. by architect John Kirkpatrick. It had a seating capacity of 1,100 in 1940, and was then well known as a second-run cinema, usually showing films first shown at the nearby Regent Theatre . In October 1954 a nearby department store, Cox-Foys , bought
5194-562: The circle seats while their mothers went shopping. attendance figures at the Pav were very large. In 1929 the Pavilion Theatre was closed and converted into a mini-golf course. However it was again extensively redeveloped as a cinema, reopening as the Rex Theatre on 31 March 1933. The Edwardian façade was not substantially altered, but a new balcony verandah was added, which had access from
5300-730: The city centre and surrounding Park Lands is called Tarndanya in the Kaurna language . Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula , between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east. Its metropolitan area extends 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches 96 km (60 mi) from Gawler in
5406-499: The city centre in a grid layout known as " Light's Vision ", interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by park lands. Early colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers, in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities. It was Australia's third most populated city until the post-war era. It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms, and became known as
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#17328520359995512-507: The city centre. There are two sets of ring roads in Adelaide that have resulted from the original design. The inner ring route ( A21 ) borders the parklands, and the outer route ( A3 / A13 / A16 / A17 ) completely bypasses the inner city via (in clockwise order) Grand Junction Road , Hampstead Road, Ascot Avenue, Portrush Road , Cross Road and South Road . Suburban expansion has to some extent outgrown Light's original plan. Numerous former outlying villages and "country towns", as well as
5618-399: The city. The plan involved the construction of freeways, expressways and the upgrade of certain aspects of the public transport system. The then premier Steele Hall approved many parts of the plan and the government went as far as purchasing land for the project. The later Labor government elected under Don Dunstan shelved the plan, but allowed the purchased land to remain vacant, should
5724-496: The coastline due to erosion. Where practical, the government has implemented programs to rebuild and vegetate sandhills at several of Adelaide's beachside suburbs. Tennyson Dunes is the largest contiguous, tertiary dune system contained entirely within Metropolitan Adelaide, providing refuge for a variety of remnant species formerly found along the entire coastline. Much of the original vegetation has been cleared with what
5830-580: The downthrown St Vincent Basin and its embayments, including the Adelaide Plains Sub-basin, and the Golden Grove, Noarlunga and Willunga Embayments. These basins contain deposits of Tertiary marine and non-marine sands and limestones, which form important aquifers. These deposits are overlain by Quaternary alluvial fans and piedmont slope deposits, derived from erosion of the uplands, consisting of sands, clays and gravels, interfingering to
5936-536: The early development of a brick-making industry, as well as the use of stone, for houses and other buildings. By 1891, 68% of houses were built of stone, 15% of timber, and 10% of brick, with brick also being widely used in stone houses for quoins, door and window surrounds, and chimneys and fireplaces. There is a wide variety in the styles of these houses. Until the 1960s, most of the more substantial houses were built of red brick, though many front walls were of ornamental stone. Then cream bricks became fashionable, and in
6042-627: The east of Adelaide, are defined on their western side by a number of arcuate faults (the Para, Eden, Clarendon and Willunga Faults), and consist of rocks such as siltstone , dolomite and quartzite , dating from the Neoproterozoic to the middle Cambrian , laid down in the Adelaide Rift Complex, the oldest part of the Adelaide Superbasin . Most of the Adelaide metropolitan area lies in
6148-401: The eastern end of the Mall at night. Of note is the historic Beehive Corner , completed in 1896. It lies at the western end of the Mall, on the corner of King William Street, and was originally owned by John Rundle. Beehive Corner is built in the Neo-gothic style, which is generally reserved for churches . The Rundle Mall Fountain is one of a pair which formerly stood at the entrance to
6254-424: The first electric street lighting was installed at the intersection of Rundle Street (as it was then), King William Street and Hindley Street , at what is now known as "Beehive Corner". During the late 19th century, Rundle Street had a tramline run through it, part of a large network of trams in Adelaide . Horse-drawn trams travelled from the Southern Cross Hotel, from King William Street into Rundle Street, past
6360-414: The fish quarters of the Market were demolished and further arcades of 32 shops were added. On 27 December 1925, the northeastern quarters of the Market were partly damaged by a fire. In 1929, butchers' licenses for the Market were not renewed because of sanitary concerns. Prior to August 1965, the Market was known as the "City Market," and after that, it was known as the "Central Market". Redevelopment of
6466-473: The future need for freeways arise. In 1980, the Liberal party won government and premier David Tonkin committed his government to selling off the land acquired for the MATS plan, ensuring that even when needs changed, the construction of most MATS-proposed freeways would be impractical. Some parts of this land have been used for transport, (e.g. the O-Bahn Busway and Southern Expressway), while most has been progressively subdivided for residential use. In 2008,
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#17328520359996572-476: The huge Father Christmas statue the previously adorned John Martin's and David Jones in Rundle Mall was mounted on the Grote St exterior wall of the market. The Coles Supermarket was closed in 2022 and demolition commenced. Construction of a hotel, the Treehouse Hotel, will take place in 2023, as part of a $ 400 million Market Square development. The will include a commercial component (2025), retail development (2026), and housing (2025–2026). Treehouse Hotel
6678-463: The ideas of Edward Gibbon Wakefield about colonial reform, Robert Gouger petitioned the British government to create a new colony in Australia, resulting in the passage of the South Australia Act 1834 . Physical establishment of the colony began with the arrival of the first British colonisers in February 1836. The first governor proclaimed the commencement of colonial government in South Australia on 28 December 1836, near The Old Gum Tree in what
6784-487: The ideas of Edward Gibbon Wakefield . Wakefield had read accounts of Australian settlement while in prison in London for attempting to abduct an heiress, and realised that the eastern colonies suffered from a lack of available labour, due to the practice of giving land grants to all arrivals. Wakefield's idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen. Funds raised from
6890-408: The large shopping complexes in the suburbs, such as Westfield Marion , Armada Arndale Shopping Centre , and Westfield Tea Tree Plaza . Rundle Street , from which the mall takes its name, is named after John Rundle , a member of the British House of Commons and an original director of the South Australia Company . The street was named on 23 May 1837 by the Street Naming Committee . In 1895,
6996-441: The longest and largest mall in the southern hemisphere. The mall is the centrepiece of Adelaide's city centre , and home to some of the most expensive commercial real estate in the state. It is also home to flagship retail stores of many large Australian retailers, luxury brands, and smaller independent retail and chain stores . It also features a number of arcades and plazas containing smaller boutiques and eateries. These include
7102-441: The mall, using brackets on a number of building facades. In June 2015, it was announced that an additional cost of $ 3 million was required to complete the lighting system and to undertake further storm water works in the mall. The catenary lighting system for the mall was completed in November 2015 after being delayed by several months. Rundle Lantern , situated on the south-east corner of Pulteney and Rundle Streets, lights up
7208-429: The market and sold every month. It is a popular tourist attraction in the city, with more than 8.5 million visitors every year. It is also referred to simply as the Central Market . A $ 400 million redevelopment of the adjacent Central Market Arcade was approved in January 2021, which will include a mixed-use 35-storey building comprising offices, residential apartments and a hotel. In January 1869 some traders moved from
7314-427: The market commenced on 18 January 1965 with the demolition of the east end facade on Grote Street and the addition of a car park . The new market was opened on 17 June 1966 by Lord Mayor James Irwin . Coles Supermarkets joined the neighbouring Central Market Arcade in the Central Market precinct in June 1967. Further covered car parking was developed as well as the addition of a shopping complex. On 27 June 1977,
7420-476: The market's southern stall area was badly damaged in a fire. Major restoration was undertaken to repair the damage caused by the fire. The restoration was completed in 1983. As of the 2000s, Central Market is surrounded by the Central Market Arcade, Adelaide China Town, and Market Plaza. The centre of the Central Market is made up primarily of fresh produce stalls, with the perimeter and arcade shops being mainly cafés , restaurants , and variety stores . In 2015,
7526-439: The north to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen , wife of King William IV , the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia. Colonel William Light , one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city centre and chose its location close to the River Torrens . Light's design, now listed as national heritage , set out
7632-409: The only transport infrastructure developed to cope with the urban growth. The O-Bahn Busway is an example of a unique solution to Tea Tree Gully's transport woes in the 1980s. The development of the nearby suburb of Golden Grove in the late 1980s followed a planned approach to urban growth. In the 1960s, a Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study Plan was proposed to cater for the future growth of
7738-449: The pedestrian strip. The mall is a dry zone as well as a smoke-free zone. In 1995−96, the mall received its first major upgrade. The upgrade saw most of the mall's fixtures replaced and the erection of permanent market stalls down the centre of the mall. The market stalls were later demolished as part of a 2013 redevelopment. There were also some escalators in the middle of the Rundle mall in
7844-447: The perimeter of the market and facing the streets. In the early 1880s, fish supplies were scarce in Adelaide and had to be brought from Port Augusta and Port Pirie by rail. On 8 February 1900, a foundation stone was laid by Mayoress Rosa Ware, in the presence of the Mayor of Adelaide , Arthur Ware . Shops were added as well as a refrigeration plant for fruit and fish . Electricity
7950-631: The plains which stretched north and south of Tarntanya as well as the wooded foothills of the Mt Lofty Ranges . The River Torrens was known as the Karrawirra Pari (Red Gum forest river). About 300 Kaurna populated the Adelaide area, and were referred to by the settlers as the Cowandilla. There were more than 20 local clans across the plain who lived semi-nomadic lives, with extensive mound settlements where huts were built repeatedly over centuries and
8056-585: The province. In 1860, the Thorndon Park reservoir was opened, providing an alternative water source to the now turbid River Torrens. Gas street lighting was implemented in 1867, the University of Adelaide was founded in 1874, the South Australian Art Gallery opened in 1881 and the Happy Valley Reservoir opened in 1896. In the 1890s Australia was affected by a severe economic depression, ending
8162-409: The reports of visitors in the early 20th century, noting that "many visitors to Adelaide admired the foresighted planning of its founders", as well as pondering the riches of the young city. Adelaide enjoyed a postwar boom, entering a time of relative prosperity. Its population grew, and it became the third most populous metropolitan area in the country, after Sydney and Melbourne . Its prosperity
8268-403: The sale of land were to be used to bring out working-class emigrants, who would have to work hard for the monied settlers to ever afford their own land. As a result of this policy, Adelaide does not share the convict settlement history of other Australian cities like Sydney , Brisbane and Hobart . As it was believed that in a colony of free settlers there would be little crime, no provision
8374-563: The satellite city of Elizabeth , have been enveloped by its suburban sprawl . Expanding developments in the Adelaide Hills region led to the construction of the South Eastern Freeway to cope with growth, which has subsequently led to new developments and further improvements to that transport corridor. Similarly, the booming development in Adelaide's South led to the construction of the Southern Expressway . New roads are not
8480-438: The short name of Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute , Tarndanya, or Tarndanyangga , now the dual name for Victoria Square, in the Kaurna language . The name means 'male red kangaroo rock', referring to a rock formation on the site that has now been destroyed. The surrounding area was an open grassy plain with patches of trees and shrubs which had been managed by hundreds of generations. Kaurna country encompassed
8586-673: The south to Clare in the north. George Gawler took over from Hindmarsh in late 1838 and, despite being under orders from the Select Committee on South Australia in Britain not to undertake any public works, promptly oversaw construction of a governor's house, the Adelaide Gaol , police barracks, a hospital, a customs house and a wharf at Port Adelaide . Gawler was recalled and replaced by George Edward Grey in 1841. Grey slashed public expenditure against heavy opposition, although its impact
8692-656: The summer typically range from 8 to 10 °C (46 to 50 °F). There are usually several days in summer where the temperature reaches 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) or above; the frequency of these temperatures has been increasing in recent years . Temperature extremes range from −0.4 °C (31.4 °F), 8 June 1982 to 47.7 °C (117.9 °F), 24 January 2019. The city features 90.6 clear days annually. The average sea temperature ranges from 13.7 °C (56.7 °F) in August to 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) in February. Adelaide
8798-521: The theatre underwent refurbishment in Art Deco style, its name was changed to Mayfair Theatre. Having been acquired by British Cinemas Ltd, on its opening night, Good Friday (30 March) 1934, the programme was announced as "British Films for British People". The then Lord Mayor, Jonathan Cain , was present at the opening night. In 1953, it once again underwent renovations, with a new 40-foot (12 m) wide screen, allowing major films to be shown, and it
8904-523: The theatre, which was still under lease until 1956 by Hoyts . The theatre closed on 12 February 1959. However it was given a new lease of life by Celebrity Theatres Ltd (who ran the Majestic Theatre ), who leased it, installed CinemaScope and VistaVision equipment, and reopened it on 15 May 1959. From 1960 the Rex started screening foreign films, and then new releases from MGM while their Metro Theatre
9010-407: The west with transgressive Pleistocene to Holocene marine sands and coastal sediments of the shoreline of Gulf St Vincent. Adelaide is a planned city, designed by the first Surveyor-General of South Australia, Colonel William Light . His plan, sometimes referred to as "Light's Vision" (also the name of a statue of him on Montefiore Hill ), arranged Adelaide in a grid , with five squares in
9116-484: The western part of Rundle Street to create Rundle Mall, due to extreme congestion caused by traffic and the increasing number of pedestrians. Ian Hannaford , a former footballer who played in three premierships for the Port Adelaide Magpies , was the architect responsible for the design of the mall. It opened on 1 September 1976. Other than police and other government vehicles, drivers need permission to drive on
9222-921: The western side of the Central Market and linking it with Chinatown, the Market Plaza houses a number of specialty shops, cafes, and a food court. The Market Plaza was opened by Lord Mayor James Jarvis on 3 December 1985 and is independently owned and managed. Gouger Street in the Adelaide central business district is well known for its abundance of multicultural cuisine and dining establishments. Roberts, Fiona & Spain, Katie (2018). Adelaide Central Market: Stories, people and recipes . Wakefield Press. ISBN 1743056036 34°55′47″S 138°35′51″E / 34.92972°S 138.59750°E / -34.92972; 138.59750 Adelaide Adelaide ( / ˈ æ d ɪ l eɪ d / AD -il-ayd , locally [ˈædəlæɪd] ; Kaurna : Tardanya , pronounced [ˈd̪̥aɳɖaɲa] )
9328-455: The wettest month of the year, averaging around 80 mm. Frosts are occasional, with the most notable occurrences in 1908 and 1982. Hail is common in winter. Adelaide is a windy city with significant wind chill in winter, which makes the temperature seem colder than it actually is . Snowfall in the metropolitan area is extremely rare, although light and sporadic falls in the nearby hills and at Mount Lofty occur during winter. Dewpoints in
9434-575: The world's second National Park City, after the state government had lobbied for this title. It was ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia , based on surveys of residents' views of their own city, between 2010 and 2013, dropping to second place in 2014. Adelaide, as the capital of South Australia, is the seat of the Government of South Australia . The bicameral Parliament of South Australia consists of
9540-619: Was added in 1902 to replace the gas lighting . Arcade shops were added in 1915 on the eastern side. At that stage, amusements were provided such as darts , billatelle (a variation of billiards ), shooting galleries , ball bowling, hoop-la and cheap jacks . The addition of other businesses, such as the Hampshire Hotel in 1911, the Moore's Department stores in 1914, and Her Majesty's Theatre also attracted customers. The Market opened for trading on Tuesday, commencing April 1920. In December 1922,
9646-470: Was consistently ranked in the world's 10 most liveable cities through the 2010s by The Economist Intelligence Unit . In June 2021, The Economist ranked Adelaide the third most liveable city in the world, behind Auckland and Osaka . In June 2023, Adelaide was ranked the twelfth most liveable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit. In December 2021, Adelaide was named
9752-479: Was constructed following the redevelopment of the market proper and was opened by then Premier David Tonkin on 3 November 1982; it houses over 60 specialty shops. Privately owned from its construction, the City of Adelaide assumed ownership of the arcade in September 2018 when the building's ground lease expired and began plans to completely redevelop the site into a new arcade topped with a mixed-use tower. Located on
9858-543: Was created to facilitate the State Government's collaboration with the Adelaide City Council and the Lord Mayor to improve Adelaide's image. The State Parliament's Capital City Committee is also involved in the governance of the City of Adelaide, being primarily concerned with the planning of Adelaide's urban development and growth. Reflecting South Australia's status as Australia's most centralised state, Adelaide elects
9964-475: Was designed, reopening as the Pavilion Theatre on 22 June 1912, which became known as "the Pav", reflecting the sign over its entrance. Unusually for its time, the cinema ran films continuously from 11am to 11pm, with audience members allowed to sit for as long as they liked for the price of three pence for a seat in the stalls, or six pence for a seat in the dress circle . It also ran a child-minding service, with "special lady attendants" who looked after children in
10070-444: Was expanded at the nearby port of Whyalla . The South Australian Government in this period built on former wartime manufacturing industries but neglected cultural facilities which meant South Australia's economy lagged behind. International manufacturers like Holden and Chrysler made use of these factories around the Adelaide area in suburbs like Elizabeth , completing its transformation from an agricultural service centre to
10176-410: Was extended through the city to Hindmarsh down to East Terrace and the suburban railway line extended south to Seaford. Following a period of stagnation in the 1990s and 2000s, Adelaide began several major developments and redevelopments. The Adelaide Convention Centre was redeveloped and expanded at a cost of A$ 350 million beginning in 2012. Three historic buildings were adapted for modern use:
10282-772: Was made for a gaol in Colonel Light's 1837 plan. But by mid-1837 the South Australian Register was warning of escaped convicts from New South Wales and tenders for a temporary gaol were sought. Following a burglary, a murder, and two attempted murders in Adelaide during March 1838, Governor Hindmarsh created the South Australian Police Force (now the South Australia Police ) in April 1838 under 21-year-old Henry Inman . The first sheriff, Samuel Smart,
10388-458: Was manufactured in England by Andrew Handyside and Company . There are several items of modern sculpture in the mall. The best-known is the 4-metre (13 ft) tall The Spheres by Bert Flugelman ; two large stainless steel spheres with a diameter of 2.15 metres (7 ft 1 in) balanced one on top of the other (commonly referred to as the "Mall's Balls", or sometimes Bert's Balls ). This
10494-452: Was negligible at this point: silver was discovered in Glen Osmond that year, agriculture was well underway, and other mines sprung up all over the state, aiding Adelaide's commercial development. The city exported meat, wool, wine, fruit and wheat by the time Grey left in 1845, contrasting with a low point in 1842 when one-third of Adelaide houses were abandoned. Trade links with the rest of
10600-400: Was opened as a pedestrian mall in September 1976 by closing the section of Rundle Street between King William Street and Pulteney Street , to vehicular traffic. The street continues as Rundle Street (as before) to the east and Hindley Street to the west. At 520 m (1,710 ft) long, with over 1000 retail outlets, 300 services, 3 department stores, and 15 arcades, Rundle Mall is
10706-464: Was recorded, but the price paid was retrenchments and lean public spending. Wine and copper were the only industries not to suffer a downturn. Adelaide was Australia's third largest city for most of the 20th century. Electric street lighting was introduced in 1900 and electric trams were transporting passengers in 1909. 28,000 men were sent to fight in World War I . Historian F. W. Crowley examined
10812-402: Was renamed to Sturt Theatre, then owned by Greater Union . The cinema closed in 1976, and underwent conversion into offices, with only the facade remaining of the original building. The building is at 21–23 Rundle Mall. The Regent Theatre, located at 101–107 Rundle Street/Mall, was designed by Cedric Ballantyne of Melbourne, in partnership with Adelaide architects English and Soward ,
10918-574: Was short-lived, with the return of droughts and the Great Depression of the 1930s. It later returned to fortune under strong government leadership. Secondary industries helped reduce the state's dependence on primary industries . World War II brought industrial stimulus and diversification to Adelaide under the Playford Government, which advocated Adelaide as a safe place for manufacturing due to its less vulnerable location. Shipbuilding
11024-564: Was showing Ben Hur for 27 weeks. The cinema finally closed on 29 July 1961 and the contents auctioned, before the building was demolished. The Cox-Foys store was extended westwards towards Adelaide Arcade , and continued to operate until 1977. The site was rebuilt to accommodate Kmart in the 2010s, which has office space above it. Alfred Drake, owner of the Norfolk Arms Hotel, built the Grand Picture Theatre (also known as
11130-411: Was surpassed by Brisbane as Australia's third largest city. The Dunstan Governments of the 1970s saw something of an Adelaide "cultural revival", establishing a wide array of social reforms. The city became noted for its progressivism as South Australia became the first Australian state or territory to decriminalise homosexuality between consenting adults in 1975. Adelaide became a centre for
11236-552: Was wounded during a robbery, and on 2 May 1838 one of the offenders, Michael Magee, became the first person to be hanged in South Australia. William Baker Ashton was appointed governor of the temporary gaol in 1839, and in 1840 George Strickland Kingston was commissioned to design Adelaide's new gaol. Construction of Adelaide Gaol commenced in 1841. Adelaide's early history was marked by economic uncertainty and questionable leadership. The first governor of South Australia, John Hindmarsh , clashed frequently with others, in particular
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