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43-625: Achaguas is a small town in Apure State in Venezuela , in the Achaguas Municipality . It is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of San Fernando de Apure , the capital city of the state. Achaguas was founded in 1774 by Fray Alonso de Castro , and its name was taken from the native tribe The Achaguas . Formerly, it was called "Santa Bárbara de la Isla de los Achaguas". Since 1835, the miraculous wood-carved figure of "El Nazareno de Achaguas

86-762: A local indigenous chieftain named Apur. The conquest of Apure began in the mid 17th century when the land was populated by many indigenous peoples, including the Arawak and the Caribs . Actual settlement did not start until the early 18th century with large cattle foundations started by landowners looking to expand their already crowded cattle ranches in San Carlos de Austria and other cities. Some of these included Jose Ignacio Pumar (Marquee of Pumar), Joseph Blanco Y Salazar along with Franciscan missionaries from Andalucia and others missionaries and landowners that would "pacify" and remove

129-615: A much drier climate than the current one, but a mechanism of dune formation that acts only in the dry season since the lowering of the water level of the Orinoco at the rivers' lowest point, especially that of those that originate in the llanos, extensive beaches of fine sand are left behind, that the trade winds very quickly will transfer to the southeast, forming what now constitutes el Parque Nacional Santos Luzardo (the Santos Luzardo National Park), which takes its name from one of

172-449: A zone where the springs, the branches, the rivers, the lagoons, and the swamps extraordinarily complicate the hydrography. Apure relies on an abundant phreatic zone that supplies the cities and towns with potable water, and a few decades ago networks of modules were created that allowed water storage for use in periods of drought. The most important rivers in the state are: the Apure for which

215-528: Is bordered on the north by the states of Táchira , Barinas , and Guárico , on the east and southeast by the states of Bolívar and Amazonas and on the south and west by Colombia . Originating in the Tertiary ( Neogene ) and Quaternary ( Pleistocene ) periods, the Llanos (plains) of Apure are formed by sediments of little or no consolidation, with sandy and clayey deposits built up by floods in recent times. On

258-517: Is sliced by numerous rivers of great length and breadth, all of which are part of the Orinoco river basin. The Apure River , the most important of these, is at the same time the main Venezuelan tributary of the Orinoco from its left border, and the second longest in the country: it covers some 1,000 km (620 mi) from its source to its mouth. All of the lands in the south of the state constitute

301-499: Is venerated in its church ". This figure was a donation that General José Antonio Páez gave to the town in agreement to the victory obtained in the battle against the Spanish for the independence of Venezuela which were to take place in Carabobo (1821). This article about a location in Venezuela is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Apure State The territory

344-684: The Gelasian Stage, which was formerly considered part of the Neogene Period and Pliocene Epoch. This was later revised to 2.58 mya. The Anthropocene was proposed as a third epoch as a mark of the anthropogenic impact on the global environment starting with the Industrial Revolution , or about 200 years ago. The Anthropocene was rejected as a geological epoch in 2024 by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS),

387-692: The Holocene (11.7 thousand years ago to today); a proposed third epoch, the Anthropocene , was rejected in 2024 by IUGS , the governing body of the ICS. The Quaternary is typically defined by the Quaternary glaciation , the cyclic growth and decay of continental ice sheets related to the Milankovitch cycles and the associated climate and environmental changes that they caused. In 1759 Giovanni Arduino proposed that

430-633: The governor , the majority of the Municipal Councils of the State or 10% of the voters. For an Amendment or Reform created by the Legislative Branch to be approved, it needs to receive an absolute majority of the votes of the parliamentarians, nor is it necessary to submit the reform to a referendum. It is composed of the Governor of Apure State and a group of State Secretaries. The Governor is elected by

473-457: The 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: Agriculture and livestock are the main economic activities in Apure State. Sugar cane , caraota , beans , fruit trees , oil palms , bananas and cassava , among others, are grown in the agricultural areas. The livestock sector is basically specialized in the production of cattle, concentrating about 30% of the heads of cattle in

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516-460: The 2011 census information, the estimated population of Apure State in 2011 is 459,025 inhabitants. Apure state derives its name from the Apure River , which runs through the state. The river was known by that name in Spanish no later than the 1648 works of friar Jacinto de Carvajal . The source of the name of the river is less certain, with theories attributing it to the name of a local shrub or to

559-554: The Apure River are formed by the Uribante and the Sarare , whose lower parts are found in the state of Apure. The warm, rainy tropical savannah climate is dominant, with a severe dry season and a rainy season. Also, the temperature can be high all year round. 700 and the 1500 mm. Due to the characteristics of the state relief, the temperature presents a relative uniformity in almost all

602-607: The Pleistocene includes a portion of what was, prior to 2009, defined as the Pliocene . Quaternary stratigraphers usually worked with regional subdivisions. From the 1970s, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) tried to make a single geologic time scale based on GSSP 's, which could be used internationally. The Quaternary subdivisions were defined based on biostratigraphy instead of paleoclimate . This led to

645-491: The State Legislative Council according to the constitution of that entity to complete the remaining government period, after Governor-elect Jesus Aguilarte Gamez presented his resignation alleging "health problems", Aguilarte's administration was being questioned even by sectors of his own party had been serving as governor since 2004 and had been re-elected in 2008. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela ,

688-621: The State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard . The state legislature is the responsibility of the Legislative Council of Apure State, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people by direct and secret vote every four years, with the possibility of re-election for two consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of

731-616: The banks of the Orinoco one finds outcroppings of rocks, from the Archean era, which are part of the Guiana Shield and appear at heights called galleys. Likewise, in the Andean foothills, rocks from the Tertiary Period form hills and short slopes in the mountain range. A large part of the state of Apure is constituted by an extensive field of dunes (occupying some 30,000 km²), which has

774-579: The city of Caracas; nevertheless, the negative balance thrown by that phenomenon has been reverted when receiving an important flow of immigrants from the Venezuelan Andes and Colombia. The population is mostly concentrated in urban areas and 48% is made up of young individuals between 10 and 40 years of age. Its main cities are: San Fernando and Guasdualito. Its main towns are Achaguas , Biruaca , Bruzual , Mantecal, El Amparo , Elorza , La Victoria, Puerto Paez and San Juan de Payara . According to

817-620: The emergence of the straits of Bosphorus and Skagerrak during glacial epochs, which respectively turned the Black Sea and Baltic Sea into fresh water lakes, followed by their flooding (and return to salt water) by rising sea level; the periodic filling of the English Channel , forming a land bridge between Britain and the European mainland; the periodic closing of the Bering Strait , forming

860-715: The establishment of the Glacial Theory. In time, thanks to the refinement of geology, it has been demonstrated that there were several periods of glacial advance and retreat and that past temperatures on Earth were very different from today. In particular, the Milankovitch cycles of Milutin Milankovitch are based on the premise that variations in incoming solar radiation are a fundamental factor controlling Earth's climate. During this time, substantial glaciers advanced and retreated over much of North America and Europe, parts of South America and Asia, and all of Antarctica. There

903-474: The geological strata of northern Italy could be divided into four successive formations or "orders" ( Italian : quattro ordini ). The term "quaternary" was introduced by Jules Desnoyers in 1829 for sediments of France 's Seine Basin that clearly seemed to be younger than Tertiary Period rocks . The Quaternary Period follows the Neogene Period and extends to the present. The Quaternary covers

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946-503: The governing body of the ICS. The 2.58 million years of the Quaternary represents the time during which recognisable humans existed. Over this geologically short time period there has been relatively little change in the distribution of the continents due to plate tectonics . The Quaternary geological record is preserved in greater detail than that for earlier periods. The major geographical changes during this time period included

989-575: The land bridge between Asia and North America ; and the periodic flash flooding of Scablands of the American Northwest by glacial water. The current extent of Hudson Bay , the Great Lakes and other major lakes of North America are a consequence of the Canadian Shield 's readjustment since the last ice age; different shorelines have existed over the course of Quaternary time. The climate

1032-561: The llanos is referred to as the godmother of the herd), according to the work of Calzadilla Valdés. Also, they allow the livestock to take refuge from the floods. The ecosystem in the savanna is the result of having been modeled by the wind ( aeolian processes ). It is not, as noted in the Atlas of Venezuela: A Spatial Image ( Atlas de Venezuela: Una imagen espacial , also known as El Atlas de Petróleos de Venezuela ), an ecosystem of "paleodunas", literally 'old dunes,' formed in an environment with

1075-471: The main characters in the novel Doña Bárbara by Rómulo Gallegos . It is almost entirely flat, with extensive plains from the convergence of the Apure, Arauca, and Capanaparo Rivers with the Orinoco to the foothills of the Andes. With little unevenness of terrain, the altitude fluctuates between 40 and 200 meters above sea level. The Apurean llanos feature several important physiographic events, generated by

1118-457: The natives by the sword or converting them to Christianity. In the colonial era, Apure was at one time part of the Province of Mérida del Espíritu Santo de la Grita , which merged with Maracaibo in 1676 to form Maracaibo Province . Its territory was part of the territory split from Maracaibo Province in 1786 to form Barinas Province . Apure Province was split from Barinas in 1823, and in 1864 it

1161-489: The nature of the mixture. Similarly, exposure to very humid or somewhat drier climatic conditions is relevant. The result is uneven, so that the soils are distributed as follows: in the dune areas, they are acidic and low in nutrients; in sectors of constantly flooded plains, they are of medium quality and deficient in fertility; in the banks they have good drainage and medium textures; and in the northeast (towards Biruaca) they have extraordinary agricultural power. In almost all

1204-403: The peculiarity of not being a desert climate but a savannah, with natural grasslands alternating with corridors of jungle and voluminous rivers with sand dunes of more than 100 km (62 mi) in length and 20 m in height. Some of these dunes are used by llaneros to establish dairy farms, which, in addition to processing milk, prepare a group of cattle to go to the head of the pack (which in

1247-481: The people by direct and secret vote for a period of four years and with the possibility of immediate re-election for equal periods, being in charge of the state administration. The formet governor is Ramon Carrizales of the PSUV party for the 2012–2016 term. Since 1989 governors are directly elected by the citizens of the state, the current governor is Ramon Carrizales who has been in office since February 2011, appointed by

1290-488: The population of the state and its municipalities. Apure is made up of 7 municipalities and 26 parishes. The municipalities Páez and Rómulo Gallegos make up the Distrito del Alto Apure. With a population density of 7 inhabitants/km , Apure is one of the most unpopulated states in the country. Extensive empty or almost uninhabited areas characterize its territory, traditionally affected by a strong emigration towards Aragua and

1333-477: The presence of traces of the passage of a glacier at a considerable distance from the Alps. This idea was initially disputed by another Swiss scientist, Louis Agassiz , but when he undertook to disprove it, he ended up affirming his colleague's hypothesis. A year later, Agassiz raised the hypothesis of a great glacial period that would have had long-reaching general effects. This idea gained him international fame and led to

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1376-517: The problem that the proposed base of the Pleistocene was at 1.805 million years ago, long after the start of the major glaciations of the northern hemisphere. The ICS then proposed to abolish use of the name Quaternary altogether, which appeared unacceptable to the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA). In 2009, it was decided to make the Quaternary the youngest period of the Cenozoic Era with its base at 2.588 mya and including

1419-633: The state is named; the Arauca, at more than 700 km (430 mi) long, which has its source in Colombia and forms the border between the two countries for a stretch, and unites the Apure by means of various branches and springs before flowing into the Orinoco; the Orichuna Channel at more than 500 km (310 mi) long; the Capanaparo , Cinaruco , Cunaviche , Matiyure , and Meta . The upper courses of

1462-514: The territory prevails a vegetation of savannah, herbaceous , grassland , scrub and bushes It is an autonomous and politically equal state, organizing its administration and public powers through the Constitution of the State of Apure. The current Constitution was adopted on 15 October 2002 and partially reformed in 2005. Amendments or Reforms to the Constitution may be proposed by the Legislature,

1505-625: The territory. From the Andean foothills, temperatures will decrease in proportion to the increase in altitude, reaching up to 10 °C in the extreme northwest of the state, above 3,200 meters above sea level in El Tamá. The shape of the precipitation distribution in the Apure state is one of the fundamental characteristics, being related to modifying factors such as latitude, relief, cold fronts and intertropical convergence. They vary in quality and texture according to age and drainage , elements that influence

1548-598: The three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the Phanerozoic eon. It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ago to the present. The Quaternary Period is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene (2.58 million years ago to 11.7 thousand years ago) and

1591-399: The time span of glaciations classified as the Pleistocene , and includes the present interglacial time-period, the Holocene . This places the start of the Quaternary at the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation approximately 2.6 million years ago ( mya ). Prior to 2009, the Pleistocene was defined to be from 1.805 million years ago to the present, so the current definition of

1634-527: The type of soil, climate, and its hydrological pattern. Protruding between them are zones of dunes, delta plains, and such features as shoals, banks, and estuaries, which are very prone to floods during the rainy season. Furthermore, in the west of the territory, one finds foothills and mountains with altitudes of greater than 3 km, in a portion of the Cordillera Oriental Andina (Eastern Andean Range) that borders Estado Táchira . The state

1677-422: The whole national territory. Apure state has several national parks and herds or farms that receive national and foreign tourists 7°54′N 67°28′W  /  7.900°N 67.467°W  / 7.900; -67.467 Quaternary The Quaternary ( / k w ə ˈ t ɜːr n ə r i , ˈ k w ɒ t ər n ɛr i / kwə- TUR -nə-ree, KWOT -ər-nerr-ee ) is the current and most recent of

1720-563: Was a major extinction of large mammals globally during the Late Pleistocene Epoch. Many forms such as sabre-toothed cats , mammoths , mastodons , glyptodonts , etc., became extinct worldwide. Others, including horses , camels and American cheetahs became extinct in North America . The Great Lakes formed and giant mammals thrived in parts of North America and Eurasia not covered in ice. These mammals became extinct when

1763-512: Was famous for heron plumes, which adorned European courts. At the same time, it was the scene of armed encounters that marked the evolution of the War for Independence , as well as numerous battles during the civil war. In the Apurean environs, Rómulo Gallegos was inspired to write his novel Doña Bárbara , which describes the magnitude of this land. The state capital is San Fernando de Apure . Based on

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1806-488: Was given state status. Apure has been an autonomous state since 1864, when the Venezuelan territory organized itself as los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, or United States of Venezuela . In 1881 it formed part of the state of Bolívar along with Guayana, but recovered the category of autonomous state in 1899. The state of Apure is located to the southwest of Venezuela, positioned between 06º03’45’’ and 08º04’22’’ latitude North and 66º21’45’’ and 72º22’30’’ longitude West. It

1849-457: Was one of periodic glaciations with continental glaciers moving as far from the poles as 40 degrees latitude . Glaciation took place repeatedly during the Quaternary Ice age  – a term coined by Schimper in 1839 that began with the start of the Quaternary about 2.58 Mya and continues to the present day. In 1821, a Swiss engineer, Ignaz Venetz , presented an article in which he suggested

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