The accolade (also known as dubbing or adoubement ) ( Latin : benedictio militis ) was the central act in the rite of passage ceremonies conferring knighthood in the Middle Ages .
53-588: The term accolade entered English by 1591, when Thomas Lodge used it in a historical romance about Robert the Devil : "He had with all solemnitie the accolade, and was commanded to kneele downe to receiue the order of Knighthoode." It derives from the Middle French accolee , meaning an embrace or the bestowal of knighthood thereby, which in turn descends from the Latin collum , meaning "neck". Accolade ceremonies have taken
106-520: A dirk (Air Force), if the ceremony is presided over by a military authority. Civilian members and all members of lesser orders ( Merit , Arts and Letters ...) are not dubbed with a bladed weapon. They receive only the accolade , which has kept in French its ancient meaning of "embrace". Officers in the French Armed Forces also receive the accolade, but a different version. When they graduate, during
159-760: A GCMG in Skyfall . Daniel Craig , who has portrayed Bond on film, was appointed (CMG) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to film and theatre. The general release on 30 September 2021 of his last appearance as James Bond, in No Time to Die , had been delayed by almost two years due to a change of director and the COVID-19 pandemic. Coinciding with the film's premiere, and matching his fictional character's rank, Craig became an Honorary Commander in Britain's Royal Navy . Following this appointment, he committed to being an ambassador for
212-458: A depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights and Dames Commanders and Companions may display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet. In the satirical British television programme Yes Minister , Jim Hacker MP is told a joke by his Private Secretary, Bernard Woolley , about what
265-771: A good second-rate piece in the half-chronicle fashion of its age. Darren Freebury-Jones has advanced arguments that Lodge co-wrote Selimus with Greene. Fleay saw grounds for assigning to Lodge Mucedorus and Amadine , played by the Queen's Men about 1588, a share with Robert Greene in George a Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield , and in Shakespeare's 2nd part of Henry VI ; he also regards him as at least part-author of The True Chronicle of King Leir and his three Daughters (1594); and The Troublesome Raigne of John, King of England (c. 1588); in
318-423: A love of letters and a crop of debts were common. Lodge, disregarding the wishes of his family, took up literature. When the penitent Stephen Gosson had published his Schoole of Abuse in 1579, Lodge responded with Defence of Poetry, Music and Stage Plays (1579 or 1580), which shows a certain restraint, though both forceful and learned. The pamphlet was banned, but appears to have been circulated privately. It
371-547: A more serious note, comprising translations of Josephus (1602), of Seneca (1614), a Learned Summary of Du Bartas 's Divine Sepmaine (1625 and 1637). He also wrote medical literature including the Treatise of the Plague (1603), The poore Mans Talentt (c. 1623) , and a popular manual, which remained unpublished, on Domestic Medicine . Lodge seems to have married his first wife Joan in or before 1583, when, "impressed with
424-725: A night spent in prayers, prior to the rite ). The increasingly impressive ceremonies surrounding adoubement figured largely in the Romance literature , both in French and in Middle English , particularly those set in the Trojan War or around the legendary personage of Alexander the Great . Newly inducted military Knights of the Legion of Honour are struck on both shoulders with a sword (Army and Navy) or
477-623: A romance of the same description interspersed with many lyrics. Already in 1589 Lodge had given to the world a volume of poems bearing the title of the chief among them, Scillaes Metamorphosis, Enterlaced with the Unfortunate Love of Glaucus , more briefly known as Glaucus and Scilla . To this tale Shakespeare was possibly indebted for the idea of Venus and Adonis . In a lost work, the Sailor's Kalendar , he must in one way or another have recounted his sea adventures. If Lodge, as has been supposed,
530-482: A series of attempts at play writing, though most of those attributed to him are mainly conjectural. He probably never became an actor, and John Payne Collier 's conclusion to that effect rested on the two assumptions that the "Lodge" of Philip Henslowe 's manuscript was a player and that his name was Thomas, neither of which is supported by the text. Having been to sea with Captain Clarke in his expedition to Terceira and
583-443: A type of student who is: apte by goodnes of witte, and appliable by readines of will, to learning, hauving all other qualities of the mind and partes of the bodie, that must an other day serue learning, not trobled, mangled, and halfed, but sounde, whole, full & hable to do their office Before starting on his second expedition he had published a historical romance, The History of Robert, Second Duke of Normandy, surnamed Robert
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#1732854580101636-674: A variety of forms, including the tapping of the flat side of a knighting sword on the shoulders of a candidate (who is himself sometimes referred to as an accolade during the ceremony) or an embrace about the neck. The earliest reference to the knighting as a formal ceremony in Germany is in the Annals of Aachen under the year 1184, when the Emperor Frederick I 's sons, Henry VI and Frederick VI , "were made knights" ( facti sunt milites ). An early Germanic coming-of-age ceremony, of presenting
689-546: A youth with a weapon that was buckled on him, was elaborated in the 10th and 11th centuries as a sign that the minor had come of age . A panel in the Bayeux Tapestry shows the knighting of Harold by William of Normandy , but the specific gesture is not clearly represented. In medieval France, early ceremonies of the adoubement were purely secular and indicated a young noble coming of age. Around 1200, these ceremonies began to include elements of Christian ritual (such as
742-471: Is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince of Wales (the future King George IV ), while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III . It is named in honour of two military saints , Michael and George . The Order of St Michael and St George was originally awarded to those holding commands or high position in the Mediterranean territories acquired in
795-457: Is hung, emblazoned with his or her coat of arms. At a considerably smaller scale, to the back of the stall is affixed a piece of brass (a "stall plate") displaying its occupant's name, arms and date of admission into the Order. Upon the death of a Knight, the banner, helm, mantling and crest are taken down. The stall plates, however, are not removed; rather, they remain permanently affixed somewhere about
848-622: Is mentioned in the novels From Russia, with Love and On Her Majesty's Secret Service , and on-screen in his obituary in Skyfall . He was offered appointment as KCMG (which would have elevated him from Companion to Knight Commander in the Order) in The Man with the Golden Gun , but he rejected the offer as he did not wish to become a public figure. Judi Dench 's character "M" is "offered" early retirement as
901-714: Is not a member of the College of Arms , like many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman or Lady Usher of the Blue Rod . Blue Rod does not, unlike the usher of the Order of the Garter , perform any duties related to the House of Lords . Members of the Order wear elaborate regalia on important occasions (such as coronations ), which vary by rank: At less important occasions, simpler insignia are used: Prior to 2011,
954-650: The Canaries , Lodge in 1591 made a voyage with Thomas Cavendish to Brazil and the Straits of Magellan , returning home by 1593. During the Canaries expedition (circa 1586), to beguile the tedium of his voyage, he composed his prose tale of Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacy, Found After His Death In His Cell At Silexedra , (1590). This subsequently furnished the story of Shakespeare 's As You Like It . The novel, which in its turn owes some, though no very considerable, debt to
1007-462: The Geneva Bible and a fellow Lord Mayor. The Lodge family continued some form of association with those manors, and it has been suggested that this was part of the inspiration of Lodge junior's literally output. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Trinity College, Oxford ; taking his BA in 1577 and MA in 1581. In 1578 he entered Lincoln's Inn , where, as in the other Inns of Court ,
1060-688: The Mediterranean ". In 1864, however, the protectorate ended and the Ionian Islands became part of Greece . A revision of the basis of the Order in 1868, saw membership granted to those who "hold high and confidential offices within Her Majesty 's colonial possessions, and in reward for services rendered to the Crown in relation to the foreign affairs of the Empire". Accordingly, nowadays, almost all Governors-General and Governors feature as recipients of awards in
1113-632: The Napoleonic Wars , and it was subsequently extended to holders of similar office or position in other territories of the British Empire . It is at present awarded to men and women who hold high office or who render extraordinary or important non-military service to the United Kingdom in a foreign country, and it can also be conferred for important or loyal service in relation to foreign and Commonwealth affairs. The three classes of appointment to
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#17328545801011166-411: The monarch on a knighting-stool. First, the monarch lays the side of the sword's blade onto the accolade's right shoulder. The monarch then raises the sword just up over the apprentice's head, flips it counterclockwise so that the same side of the blade will come in contact with the knight's body, and places it on his left shoulder. The new knight then stands up, and the king or queen presents him with
1219-566: The Archangel, and St. George , patron saint of England and of soldiers . One of its primary symbols is that of St Michael trampling over and subduing Satan in battle. The Order is the sixth-most senior in the British honours system , after The Most Noble Order of the Garter , The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle , The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick , The Most Honourable Order of
1272-606: The Bath , and The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India . The third of the aforementioned Orders—which relates to Ireland, no longer fully a part of the United Kingdom—still exists but is in disuse; no appointments have been made to it since 1936. The last of the Orders on the list, related to India, has also been in disuse since that country's independence in 1947. The Prince Regent founded
1325-502: The Devil ; and he left behind him for publication Catharos Diogenes in his Singularity , a discourse on the immorality of Athens (London). Both appeared in 1591. Another romance in the manner of Lyly , Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Sences (1592), appeared while Lodge was still on his travels. In the latter part of his life—possibly about 1596, when he published his Wits Miserie and
1378-555: The Ionian Islands ; now, however, Grand Masters are chosen by the Sovereign. Grand Masters include: The Order originally included 15 Knights Grand Cross, 20 Knights Commanders, and 25 Companions but has since been expanded and the current limits on membership are 125, 375, and 1,750 respectively. Members of the royal family who are appointed to the Order do not count towards the limit, nor do foreign members appointed as "honorary members". The Order has six officers. The Order's King of Arms
1431-461: The Order are, from highest grade to lowest grade: It is used to honour individuals who have rendered important services in relation to Commonwealth or foreign nations. People are appointed to the Order rather than awarded it. British Ambassadors to foreign nations are regularly appointed as KCMGs, DCMGs, or CMGs. For example, the former British Ambassador to the United States, Sir David Manning ,
1484-588: The Order to commemorate the British amical protectorate over the Ionian Islands , which had come under British control in 1814 and had been granted their own constitution as the United States of the Ionian Islands in 1817. It was intended to reward "natives of the Ionian Islands and of the island of Malta and its dependencies, and for such other subjects of His Majesty as may hold high and confidential situations in
1537-716: The Order's chapel has been in St Paul's Cathedral in London. (The cathedral also serves as home to the chapels of the Order of the British Empire and the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor .) Religious services for the whole Order are held quadrennially; new Knights and Dames Grand Cross are installed at these services. The Sovereign and the Knights and Dames Grand Cross are allotted stalls in
1590-570: The Thistle and Knights Companion of the Order of the Garter . Women who are awarded damehoods do not receive the accolade. Clergy receiving a knighthood are not dubbed. The use of a sword in this kind of a ceremony is believed to be inappropriate. Knights of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem , an order of chivalry under the protection of the Holy See , are dubbed in
1643-567: The World's Madnesse , which is dated from Low Leyton in Essex, and the religious tract Prosopopeia (if, as seems probable, it was his), in which he repents him of his "lewd lines" of other days—he became a Catholic and engaged in the practice of medicine, for which Wood says he qualified himself by a degree at Avignon in 1600. Two years afterwards he received the degree of M.D. from Oxford University. Early in 1606 he seems to have left England, to escape
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1696-673: The badge is suspended from the collar. All collars which have been awarded since 1948 must be returned to the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood . The other insignia may be retained. The original home of the Order was the Palace of St. Michael and St. George in Corfu , the residence of the Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands and the seat of the Ionian Senate. Since 1906,
1749-469: The case of two other plays he allowed the assignation to Lodge to be purely conjectural. That Lodge is the "Young Juvenal" of Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit is no longer a generally accepted hypothesis. His second historical romance, the Life and Death of William Longbeard (1593), was more successful than the first. Lodge also brought back with him from the new world A Margarite of America (published 1596),
1802-453: The ceremony a senior officer hovers their sword on the kneeling graduate's shoulders as if he were knighting the young officer. This part is called the "adoubement", which has a different meaning than accolade. Adoubement involves the sword, accolade is a movement of the hands which varies in different countries. In France, it can be akin to a hug or a hand on the shoulder. In the Netherlands,
1855-413: The choir of the chapel, above which their heraldic devices are displayed. Perched on the pinnacle of a knight's stall is his helm, decorated with a mantling and topped by his crest. Under English heraldic law, women other than monarchs do not bear helms or crests; instead, the coronet appropriate to the dame's rank, if there is one, is used. Above the crest or coronet, the stall's occupant's heraldic banner
1908-410: The devil was portrayed with black skin while St Michael was shown as being white; this was changed that year to show both with same skin colour, although St Michael's wings were changed from being multi-colour to being pure white. The alleged racism of this imagery has resulted in the government of Jamaica suspending the use of the badge entirely. In June 2020, calls were made for a complete redesign of
1961-484: The former are written out in their fullest forms. Furthermore, honorary (foreign) members and clergymen do not receive the accolade and thus are not entitled to use the prefix "Sir" or "Dame". Knights and Dames Grand Cross use the post-nominal "GCMG"; Knights Commanders and Dames Commanders use "KCMG" and "DCMG" respectively; Companions use "CMG". Knights and Dames Grand Cross are also entitled to receive heraldic supporters . They may, furthermore, encircle their arms with
2014-410: The general rule of honours, that a husband never derives any style or title from his wife.) Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders prefix "Sir", and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commanders prefix "Dame", to their forenames. Wives of Knights may prefix "Lady" to their surnames, but husbands of Dames derive no title from their wives. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of
2067-524: The head and on both shoulders during the investiture ceremony. The accolade is given during Holy Mass, by the officiating Prelate . The accolade is also performed today with the unrecognized Habsburg Order of St. George during the investiture with a sword on both shoulders. The ceremony including the oath is performed by Karl von Habsburg or Georg von Habsburg. The knights kneel and the sword touches both shoulders. Thomas Lodge Thomas Lodge ( c. 1557 – September 1625)
2120-405: The insignia of his new order . Contrary to popular belief, the phrase "Arise, Sir ..." is not used. There are currently eleven different knighthoods being bestowed (in ascending order): Knights Bachelor , Knights Commanders and Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire , Royal Victorian Order , Order of Saint Michael and Saint George and Order of the Bath , Knights of the Order of
2173-623: The insignia, including from Sir Michael Palin of Monty Python fame, a Knight Commander of the Order In July, the Cabinet Office announced that officers of the Order who were unhappy with their insignia could exchange them for one of the newer models. On certain collar days designated by the Sovereign, members attending formal events may wear the Order's collar over their military uniform or morning wear. When collars are worn (either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations),
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2226-523: The knights in the exclusive Military Order of William (the Dutch "Victoria Cross") are struck on the left shoulder with the palm of the hand, first by the Dutch monarch (if present) then by the other knights. The new knight does not kneel. All newly created knights in the UK are dubbed on both shoulders with a sword by the monarch or the prince delegated by them. In the first example, the "knight-elect" kneels in front of
2279-441: The medieval Tale of Gamelyn (unwarrantably appended to the fragmentary Cookes Tale in certain manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's works), is written in the euphuistic manner, but decidedly attractive both by its plot and by the situations arising from it. It has been frequently reprinted. The name Euphues is taken from a work by John Lyly , itself taken from Roger Ascham 's The Scholemaster , which describes Euphues as
2332-590: The order, typically as Knights or Dames Grand Cross. In 1965 the order was opened to women, with Evelyn Bark becoming the first female CMG in 1967. The British sovereign is the Sovereign of the Order and appoints all other members of the Order (by convention, on the advice of the Government). The next-most senior member is the Grand Master. The office was formerly filled by the Lord High Commissioner of
2385-779: The parish of St Mary Magdalen. He died in Old Fish Street in 1625, apparently in the Roman Catholic communion (see below ). He may have been buried in St Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street , demolished in 1893, but documentary evidence is lacking. Lodge's known dramatic work is small in quantity. In conjunction with Robert Greene he, probably in 1590, produced in a popular vein the odd but far from feeble play, A Looking Glass for London and England (published 1594). He had already written The Wounds of Civil War (produced perhaps as early as 1587, and published in 1594),
2438-712: The persecution then directed against the Catholics; and a letter from him dated 1610 thanks the English ambassador in Paris for enabling him to return in safety. He was abroad on urgent private affairs of one kind and another in 1616. From this time to his death nothing further concerning him remains to be noted. Lodge while practising medicine in London lived first in Warwick Lane, afterwards in Lambert Hill, and finally in Old Fish Street in
2491-728: The stall, so that the stalls of the chapel are festooned with a colourful record of the Order's Knights and Dames Grand Cross since 1906. The reredos within the chapel was commissioned from Henry Poole in 1927. Members of the Order of St Michael are assigned positions in the order of precedence in England and Wales . Wives of male members also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders; relatives of female members, however, are not assigned any special precedence. (Individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives. This follows
2544-527: The uncertainty of human life", he made a will. That his family viewed his conduct at the time with disfavour may be inferred from the absence of his name from his father's will in 1583. Lodge and Joan had a daughter Mary. He married secondly Jane, widow of Solomon Aldred, at one time a Roman Catholic agent of Francis Walsingham in Rome. Attribution Order of Saint Michael and Saint George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
2597-527: The various post-nominals stand for. From Series 2, Episode 2 "Doing the Honours": Woolley : In the service, CMG stands for "Call Me God". And KCMG for "Kindly Call Me God". Hacker : What does GCMG stand for? Woolley (deadpan): "God Calls Me God". Ian Fleming's spy, James Bond , a commander in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), was fictionally decorated as a CMG in 1953. This
2650-469: Was an English writer and medical practitioner whose life spanned the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. Thomas Lodge was born about 1557 in West Ham , the second son of Sir Thomas Lodge , Lord Mayor of London , by his third wife Anne (1528–1579), daughter of Henry Luddington (died 1531), a London grocer . The year before he was born his father had transferred the ownership the manors of Hawkstone and Soulton to Sir Rowland Hill , publisher of
2703-441: Was answered by Gosson in his Playes Confuted in Five Actions ; and Lodge retorted with his Alarum Against Usurers (1584)—a "tract for the times" which may have resulted from personal experience. In the same year he produced the first tale written by him on his own account in prose and verse, The Delectable History of Forbonius and Prisceria , both published and reprinted with the Alarum . From 1587 onwards he seems to have made
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#17328545801012756-398: Was appointed a CMG when he worked for the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), and then after his appointment as British Ambassador to the US, he was promoted to a Knight Commander (KCMG). It is the traditional award for members of the FCO. The Order's motto is Auspicium melioris ævi ( Latin for "Token of a better age"). Its patron saints, as the name suggests, are St. Michael
2809-641: Was the Alcon in Colin Clout's Come Home Again , it may have been the influence of Edmund Spenser which led to the composition of Phillis , a volume of sonnets , in which the voice of nature seems only now and then to become audible, published with the narrative poem The Complaynte of Elsired in 1593. A Fig for Momus , on the strength of which he has been called the earliest English satirist, and which contains eclogues addressed to Samuel Daniel and others, an epistle addressed to Michael Drayton , and other pieces, appeared in 1595. After Lodge received his M.D. from Oxford University, his works from then on take on
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