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55-495: Abaco is a variant Italian form of the Biblical name " Habakkuk " (but normally Abacùc or Abacucco ). Abaco may refer to: Habakkuk Almost all information about Habakkuk is drawn from the book of the Bible bearing his name, with no biographical details provided other than his title, "the prophet". He is mentioned in the deuterocanonical Additions to Daniel , and outside

110-454: A patriot because of his help to soldiers and kings. In the biblical narrative, he is a disciple and protégé of Elijah , and after Elijah was taken up in a whirlwind , Elisha received a double portion of his power and he was accepted as the leader of the sons of the prophets. Elisha then went on to perform twice as many miracles as Elijah. Scholars hold different opinions regarding the historical background, composition and social context of

165-403: A chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and Elijah was lifted up in a whirlwind. As Elijah was lifted up, his mantle fell to the ground and Elisha picked it up. This is the second time that Elisha comes in contact with his teacher's mantle, which as a cultic vestment is associated with prophetic might and authority. Some scholars see this as indicative of the property inheritance customs of

220-478: A clear allusion to Habakkuk 3:3-4. Elsewhere, the same scholar glossed Habakkuk 3:4, 15 as follows: "The earth shines with his light, and his horses launched into the sea", again interpreting the prophecy to be an allusion to the coming of Muhammad. One further prophecy of Habakkuk which Ibn Qutaybah cited, from extra-canonical Hebraic literature, was "You shall be exceedingly filled in your bows ... O Praised One (Muhammad)." This final prophecy attributed to Habakkuk

275-665: A descendant of Muhammad and chief Islamic scholar in the time of the Abbasid Caliphs , was asked by the Exilarch to prove that Muhammad was a prophet through the Torah . Imam Ridha asks "Do you know the prophet Habakkuk?" He said, "Yes. I know of him." al-Ridha said, "and this is narrated in your book, 'Allah brought down speech on Mount Faran, and the heavens were filled with the glorification of Muhammad and his community. His horse carries him over water as it carries him over land. He will bring

330-604: A new book to us after the ruin of the holy house [the temple in Jerusalem].' What is meant by this book is the Qur'an. Do you know this and believe in it?" The Exilarch said, "Habakkuk the prophet has said this and we do not deny what he said." Although the Quran only mentions around twenty-five prophets by name, and alludes to a few others, it has been a cardinal doctrine of Islam that many more prophets were sent by God who are not mentioned in

385-461: A prophet in their works, and followed the pronunciation of his name with the traditional salutations of peace bestowed by Muslims onto prophets after the utterance of their names. Some medieval Muslim scholars even provided commentaries on the biblical Book of Habakkuk, with the primary purpose of showing that the prophet had predicted the coming of Muhammad in Habakkuk 3:2–6, in a manner akin to

440-644: A sculpture of the prophet for the bell tower of Florence. This statue, nicknamed Zuccone ("Big Head") because of the shape of the head, now resides in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo . The Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome contains a Baroque sculpture of Habakkuk by the 17th-century artist Bernini . Between 1800 and 1805, the Brazilian sculptor Aleijadinho completed a soapstone sculpture of Habakkuk as part of his Twelve Prophets . The figures are arranged around

495-469: A son of a prophet, and confidently predicting the sudden flight of the enemy at the siege of Samaria and the consequent cessation of the famine in the city, Elisha then journeyed to Damascus and prophesied that Hazael would be king over Syria. Elisha directs one of the sons of the prophets to anoint Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat , as king of Israel, and commissions him to cut off the house of Ahab. The death of Jehoram, pierced by an arrow from Jehu's bow,

550-563: Is "among the excellent" ( Arabic : مِنَ ٱلْأَخْيَار , romanized :  mina l-akhyār(i) ). Islamic sources that identify Elisha with Khidr cite the strong relationship between al-Khidr and Elijah in Islamic tradition. Some Muslims believe the tomb of Elisha is in Al-Awjam in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia . The shrine was removed by the Saudi Government because such veneration

605-556: Is also commemorated on July 20 with Aaron , Elias and Moses. Elisha ( Arabic : اليسع , romanized :  al-yasaʿ ) is venerated as a prophet in all of Islam , and is prophetic successor to Elijah (Arabic: Ilyās ). Elisha is mentioned twice in the Quran as a prophet, alongside fellow prophets. According to the Quran, Elisha is exalted "above the worlds (or to their people)" ( Arabic : فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى ٱلْعَالَمِين , romanized :  faḍḍalnā ʿala l-ʿālamīn(a) ) and

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660-757: Is commemorated on 20 June – translation of the relics and garments of the Apostles Luke , Andrew , and Thomas , the Prophet Eliseus, and Martyr Lazarus of Persia found c.  960 , during the time of the emperor Romanos Lakapenos (919–944) in a monastery of Saint Augusta into the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople under Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus ( c.  956–970 ) by Saint Patriarch Polyeuctus of Constantinople (956–970). Eliseus

715-581: Is comparable with the miracles of Jesus in the New Testament . Elisha cured the Syrian military commander Naaman of leprosy but punished his own servant Gehazi , who took money from Naaman. Naaman, at first reluctant, obeyed Elisha, and washed seven times in the River Jordan . Finding his flesh "restored like the flesh of a little child", the general was so impressed by this evidence of God's power, and by

770-710: Is instructed by an angel of the Lord to take the stew to Daniel, who is in the lion's den in Babylon . After Habakkuk proclaims that he is unaware of either the den or Babylon, the angel transports Habakkuk to the lion's den. Habakkuk gives Daniel the food to sustain him, and he is immediately taken back to "his place" or "his own country". Habakkuk is also mentioned in the Lives of the Prophets , which also mentions his time in Babylon. According to

825-546: Is not identified, scholars conclude that Habakkuk lived in Jerusalem at the time he wrote his prophecy. Further analysis has provided an approximate date for his prophecy and possibilities concerning his activities and background. Beyond the Bible, considerable conjecture has been put forward over the centuries in the form of Christian and Rabbinic tradition, but such accounts are dismissed by modern scholars as speculative and apocryphal. The Septuagint translation of Daniel in

880-670: Is possible that he was slightly earlier than these prophets. Because the final chapter of his book is a song, it is sometimes assumed that he was a member of the Tribe of Levi , who served as musicians in Solomon's Temple . A reference to "the prophet Habakkuk" appears in Bel and the Dragon , which is part of the deuterocanonical Additions to Daniel . Verses 33–39 place Habakkuk in Judea ; after making some stew, he

935-459: Is unusual among the prophets in that he openly questions the working of God. In the first part of the first chapter, the prophet sees the injustice among his people and asks why God does not take action: "O LORD, how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hear? Or cry to you "Violence!" and you will not save?" The final resting place of Habakkuk has been claimed at multiple locations. The fifth-century Christian historian Sozomen claimed that

990-601: The Codex Chisianus refers to him as "the son of Jesus of the tribe of Levi". Because the book of Habakkuk consists of five oracles about the Chaldeans ( Babylonians ), and the Chaldean rise to power is dated circa 612 BC, it is assumed he was active about that time, making him an early contemporary of Jeremiah and Zephaniah . Jewish sources, however, do not group him with those two prophets, who are often placed together, so it

1045-603: The Hebrew Bible (part of the Nevi'im ). According to this story, he was a prophet and a wonder-worker of the Kingdom of Israel who was active during the reigns of Joram , Jehu , Jehoahaz , and Jehoash (Joash). Elisha was the son of Shaphat , a wealthy land-owner of Abel-meholah ; he became the attendant and disciple of Elijah. His name first occurs in chapter 19 of the Books of Kings in

1100-573: The Moabite king, were being tortured by drought in the Idumean desert, Elisha consented to intervene. His double prediction regarding relief from drought and victory over the Moabites was fulfilled on the following morning. When a group of boys (or youths) from Bethel taunted the prophet for his baldness, Elisha cursed them in the name of Yahweh and two female bears came out of the forest and tore forty-two of

1155-598: The New Testament and the Quran , Elisha is venerated as a prophet in Judaism , Christianity and Islam and writings of the Bahá'í Faith refer to him by name. Before he settled in Samaria , Elisha passed some time on Mount Carmel . He served from 892 until 832 BCE as an advisor to the third through the eighth kings of Judah , holding the office of "prophet in Israel". He is called

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1210-550: The Vulgate transcribes it into Latin as Abacuc . The etymology of the name is not clear, and its form has no parallel in Hebrew. The name is possibly related to the Akkadian khambbaququ ( Akkadian : 𒄩𒄠𒁀𒄣𒄣 , ḫâmbaququ ), the name of a fragrant plant, or the Hebrew root Hebrew : חבק , meaning "embrace". Almost nothing is known about Habakkuk, aside from what is stated within

1265-539: The Zohar (Volume 1, page 8b), Habakkuk is the boy born to the Shunamite woman through Elisha 's blessing: And he said, About this season, according to the time of life, thou shalt embrace ( חֹבֶקֶת ‎ – ḥōḇeqeṯ ) a son. And she said, Nay, my lord, [thou] man of God, do not lie unto thine handmaid. The only work attributed to Habakkuk is the short biblical text which bears his name. The Book of Habakkuk consists of

1320-407: The second Book of Kings , Elisha obtained for a rich lady of Shunem the birth of a son. When the child died some years later, Elisha successfully resuscitated the child . To nourish the sons of the prophets pressed by famine, Elisha changed a pottage made from poisonous gourds into wholesome food. He fed a hundred men with twenty loaves of new barley , leaving some leftover, in a story which

1375-509: The "double-portion" is not merely an allusion to primacy in succession, but is instead a request for greater prophetic power even than Elijah. By means of the mantle left to fall from Elijah, Elisha miraculously recrossed the Jordan and returned to Jericho, where he won the gratitude of the people by purifying the unwholesome waters of their spring and making them drinkable. When the armies of Judah , Israel and Edom , then allied against Mesha ,

1430-507: The 20th century, protects the tomb. Tradition dating as early as the 12th century AD holds that Habakkuk's tomb is at this location, but the tomb may also be of a local sheikh of Yaquq , a name related to the biblical place named "Hukkok", whose pronunciation and spelling in Hebrew are close to "Habakkuk". Archaeological findings in this location include several burial places dated to the Second Temple period . A mausoleum southeast of

1485-790: The Apostate (361–363) gave orders to burn the relics of the prophets Elisha, Obadiah and John the Baptist , who were buried next to each other in Sebastia , but they were rescued by the Christians, and part of them were transferred to Alexandria . Today, the relics of Elisha are claimed to be among the possessions of the Coptic Orthodox Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great in Scetes , Egypt . Elisha

1540-649: The Bible, he is mentioned over the centuries in the forms of Christian and Rabbinic tradition . The name Habakkuk, or Habacuc, appears in the Hebrew Bible only in Habakkuk 1:1 and 3:1 . In the Masoretic Text , it is written in Hebrew : חֲבַקּוּק ( Standard Ḥavaqquq Tiberian Ḥăḇaqqûq ). This name does not occur elsewhere. The Septuagint transcribes his name into Greek as Ἀμβακοὺμ ( Ambakoum ), and

1595-558: The Elisha narratives. The stories give unique insights into the folk religion of the Kingdom of Israel . The story of Elisha is told in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament in 1 Kings 19 and 2 Kings 2 through 2 Kings 9 , ending in 2 Kings 13 . He is mentioned again in the New Testament in Luke 4 ( Luke 4:27 ). Elisha's story is related in the Books of Kings (Second Scroll, chapters 2–14) in

1650-508: The Great , he went to Ecbatana and remained there until he died, and was buried somewhere nearby, in what is today Tuyserkan. Habakkuk is called both Habaghugh and Hayaghugh by the Muslim locals. The surrounding shrine may date to the period of the Seljuq Empire (11–12th century); it consists of an octagonal wall and conical dome. Underneath the shrine is a hidden basement with three floors. In

1705-518: The Jordan, were regained. According to the Books of Kings the year after Elisha's death and burial (or, in the following spring) a body was placed in his grave. As soon as the body touched Elisha's remains the man "revived and stood up on his feet". Elisha is venerated as a saint in a number of Christian churches. His feast day is on June 14, on the Eastern Orthodox , and Eastern Catholic liturgical calendars (for those churches which use

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1760-428: The book of the Bible bearing his name, or those inferences that may be drawn from that book. No biographical details are provided other than his title "the prophet". For almost every other prophet, more information is given, such as the name of the prophet's hometown, his occupation, or information concerning his parentage or tribe. For Habakkuk, however, there is no reliable account of any of these. Although his home

1815-419: The boys. To relieve a prophet's widow importuned by a harsh creditor, Elisha multiplied a little oil as to enable her not only to pay her debt but to provide for her family needs. Jewish tradition identifies the widow's husband as Obadiah , the servant of King Ahab , who hid 100 prophets of Yahweh in two caves. According to 1 Kings 17 , Elijah resuscitated a Phoenician boy in the city of Zarephath . In

1870-716: The calendar of saints of the Carmelites , a Catholic religious order , who claim a spiritual descent from him, following a decree of the Carmelite General Chapter of 1399. He is also commemorated as a prophet in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod . Both calendars also celebrate him on June 14. Both the Orthodox and Roman Catholics believe that he was unmarried and celibate. Julian

1925-464: The center of the shrine's courtyard is the grave where Habakkuk is said to be buried. A stone upon the grave is inscribed in both Hebrew and Persian stating that the prophet's father was Shioua Lovit, and his mother was Lesho Namit. Both Muslims and Jews visit it to pay their respects. On the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar , his feast day is December 2. In the Roman Catholic Church ,

1980-532: The city of Tuyserkan in the west of Iran is also believed to be Habakkuk's burial place. It is protected by Iran's Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization . The Organization's guide to the Hamadan Province states that Habakkuk was believed to be a guardian to Solomon's Temple , and that he was captured by the Babylonians and remained in their prison for some years. After being freed by Cyrus

2035-430: The command given to Elijah to anoint him as his successor. After learning in the cave on Mount Horeb , that Elisha, the son of Shaphat, had been selected by Yahweh as his successor in the prophetic office, Elijah set out to find him. On his way from Mount Horeb to Damascus , Elijah found Elisha ploughing with twelve yokes of oxen. Elijah went over to him, threw his mantle over Elisha's shoulders, investing him with

2090-456: The disinterestedness of his prophet, as to express his deep conviction that "there is no other God in all the earth, but only in Israel." Elisha allowed Naaman to continue in the service of the Syrian king and therefore be present in the worship of Rimmon in the Syrian temple. According to the Gospel of Luke , Jesus referred to Naaman's healing when he said, "And there were many lepers in Israel in

2145-515: The earlier Christian tradition of seeing in the book's prophecies allusions to the advent of Christ . For example, the medieval exegete Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī (d. 716 AH/1316 CE) provided a commentary on select verses from the Book of Habakkuk, saying the prophet's words "for his rays become light" (Habakkuk 3:4) alluded to the spread of Islam ; that his words "his glory comes to town, his power appears in his courts" (Habakkuk 3:4) referred to Muhammad's stay in

2200-476: The end of Jezebel , and the slaughter of Ahab's seventy sons, proved how he executed that demand. While Elisha lay on his death-bed in his own house, Jehoash of Israel , the grandson of Jehu, came to mourn over his approaching departure, and uttered the same words as those of Elisha when Elijah was taken away, indicating his value to him: "My father, my father! the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof". Jehoash assists Elisha to fire an arrow eastwards from

2255-540: The forecourt and monumental stairway in front of the Santuário do Bom Jesus do Matosinhos at Congonhas . Although not mentioned by name in the Qu'ran, Habakkuk ( Arabic : حبقوق , romanized :  Hab'aqūq ), is recognized as an Islamic prophet because he is believed to herald the coming of last prophet and divine scripture Muhammad and the Qu'ran in the Book of Habakkuk. In the court of Al-Ma'mun , Imam Ali al-Ridha ,

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2310-483: The masters and the rabbis , following such portion of God's Book as they were given to keep and were witnesses to," with this passage having often been interpreted by Muslims to include within the phrase "prophets" an allusion to all the prophetic figures of the Jewish scriptural portion of the nevi'im , that is to say all the prophets of Israel after Moses and Aaron . Thus, Islamic authors have often alluded to Habakkuk as

2365-509: The prophetic office. Elisha delayed only long enough to kill the yoke of oxen, whose flesh he boiled with the wood of his plough. After he had shared this farewell repast with his father, mother, and friends, the newly chosen prophet "went after Elijah, and ministered unto him". Elisha became Elijah's close attendant until Elijah entered heaven alive , although no details of Elisha are given during those years. Elisha accompanied Elijah to Jericho , where according to 2 Kings 2:3–9 , "the sons of

2420-498: The prophets" tell Elisha that the L ORD would "will take away thy master from thy head to-day". The story of the departure of Elijah and of Elisha inheriting his powers is told in 2 Kings 6–15 . Elijah and Elisha went to the Jordan River . Elijah rolls up his mantle and strikes the water, the waters of which divided so as to permit both to pass over on dry ground. Elisha asks to "inherit a double-portion" of Elijah's spirit. Suddenly,

2475-648: The relics of Habakkuk were found at Cela near Bayt Jibrin , when God revealed their location to Zebennus , bishop of Eleutheropolis , in a dream. Currently, one location in Israel and one in Iran lay claim to being the burial site of the prophet. The burial place of Habakkuk is identified by Jewish tradition as a hillside in the Upper Galilee region of northern Israel , close to the villages Kadarim and Hukok , about six miles southwest of Safed and twelve miles north of Mount Tabor . A small stone building, erected during

2530-409: The scripture. Thus, Muslims have traditionally had no problem accepting those other Hebrew prophets not mentioned in the Quran or hadith as legitimate prophets of God, especially as the Quran itself states: "Surely We sent down the Torah (to Moses), wherein is guidance and light; thereby the prophets (who followed him), who had surrendered themselves, gave judgment for those who were Jewish, as did

2585-404: The taunting riddle, which are five woes about the Chaldeans ( Babylonians ) in chapter 2, and a song of praise to God in chapter 3. The style of the book has been praised by many scholars, suggesting that its author was a man of great literary talent. The entire book follows the structure of a chiasmus in which parallelism of thought is used to bracket sections of the text. Habakkuk

2640-407: The time of Elisha the prophet: and none of them was cleansed but Naaman the Syrian." Elisha's actions included repeatedly saving King Jehoram of Israel from the ambushes planned by Benhadad , ordering the elders to shut the door against the messenger of Israel's ungrateful king, bewildering with a strange blindness the soldiers of the Syrian king, making iron float to relieve from embarrassment

2695-431: The time, where the oldest son received twice as much of the father's inheritance as each of the younger sons. In this interpretation Elisha is asking that he may be seen as the "rightful heir" and successor to Elijah. Critics of this view point out that Elisha was already appointed as Elijah's successor earlier in the narrative and that Elisha is described as performing twice as many miracles as Elijah. In this interpretation

2750-459: The town of Yathrib and the help he received there from the ansar ; and that his words "death goes before him" (Habakkuk 3:5). Likewise, Habakkuk 3:5–6 also received similar commentaries from medieval Islamic thinkers. The famous and revered Persian Islamic scholar and polymath Ibn Qutaybah , who served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate , said of the prophet Habakkuk: "Among

2805-455: The traditional Julian calendar , June 14 falls on June 27 of the modern Gregorian calendar ). The Armenian Apostolic Church commemorates his feast day on the Thursday following the fifth Sunday after Pentecost (July 1 in 2021). John of Damascus composed a canon in honor of Elisha, and a church was built at Constantinople in his honor. In Western Christianity Elisha is commemorated in

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2860-617: The twelve minor prophets are read in the Roman Breviary during the fourth and fifth weeks of November, which are the last two weeks of the liturgical year, and his feast day is January 15. In 2011, he was commemorated with the other Minor Prophets in the calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on February 8. Habakkuk has also been commemorated in sculpture . In 1435, the Florentine artist Donatello created

2915-506: The window of his room, predicting as it lands: The arrow of the Lord's deliverance and the arrow of deliverance from Syria; for you must strike the Syrians at Aphek till you have destroyed them. Elisha predicted three successful battles over the Arameans, but no absolute victory. 2 Kings 13:25 records three victories of Joash whereby cities lost to the Arameans, probably on the west bank of

2970-458: The words of Habakkuk, who prophesied in the days of Daniel , Habakkuk says: 'God came from Teman , and the holy one from the mountains of Paran and the earth was filled with the sanctification of the praiseworthy one ( aḥmad , which is a name of Muhammad in Islam), and with his right hand he exercised power over the earth and the necks of the nations, ' " which has been interpreted by scholars to be

3025-444: Was also referred to by later scholars like Ibn al-Jawzi and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah . Elisha Elisha was, according to the Hebrew Bible , a Jewish prophet and a wonder-worker . His name is commonly transliterated into English as Elisha via Hebrew , Eliseus via Greek and Latin , Ełishe (Yeghishe/Elisha) via Armenian or Alyasa via Arabic , and Elyasa or Elyesa via Turkish . Also mentioned in

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