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26-495: ASHRAE's members are composed of building services engineers , architects , mechanical contractors, building owners, equipment manufacturers' employees, and others concerned with the design and construction of HVAC&R systems in buildings. The society funds research projects, offers continuing education programs, and develops and publishes technical standards to improve building services engineering , energy efficiency , indoor air quality , and sustainable development . ASHRAE

52-805: A Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) or Bachelor of Science (BSc) and 4–5 years for a Master of Engineering (MEng). In the United Kingdom, the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers ( CIBSE ) accredits university degrees in Building Services Engineering. In the United States, ABET accredits degrees. Many tasks in building services engineering involve the use of engineering software, for example to design/model or draw solutions. The most common types of tool are whole building energy simulation and CAD (traditionally 2D) or

78-501: A 1970s-era building in Peachtree Corners , suburban Atlanta. Completed in 2022, the building has been renovated to comply with ASHRAE's own standards, including ASHRAE 90.1, and the organization has the goal of operating the building at net-zero energy, powered by a large on-site solar array. Building services engineering Building services engineering (BSE) is a professional engineering discipline that strives to achieve

104-565: A bill that would require the United States Department of Energy to establish a centralized clearinghouse to disseminate information on federal programs, incentives, and mechanisms for financing energy-efficient retrofits and upgrades at schools. ASHRAE offers six categories of awards: achievement awards to recognize personal honors; personal awards for general and specific society activities; paper awards; society awards for groups or chapters; chapters and regional awards. ASHRAE Fellow

130-522: A dedicated outdoor air supply (DOAS) system with energy recovery and humidity control; a ground-source heat pump system (GSHP); and variable refrigerant flow systems with heat recovery. The building also serves as a live case study. A web-based user interface allowed researchers around the world to extract data from the building to study factors such as energy use and electric power demand, water consumption and indoor air quality. In 2018, ASHRAE decided to move their world headquarters, settling on retrofitting

156-402: A maximum-level player-character admiral. The term is also used in the field of environmental engineering , particularly to describe construction or renovation projects on previously built sites, to improve water quality in nearby streams , rivers or lakes . The concept has also been applied to changing the output mix of energy from power plants to cogeneration in urban areas with

182-420: A safe and comfortable indoor environment while minimizing the environmental impact of a building . The two most notable professional bodies are: Building services engineers typically possess an academic degree in civil engineering , architectural engineering , building services engineering, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering . The length of study for such a degree is usually 3–4 years for

208-514: A warfleet. The Japanese Momi class from the interwar period, for example, was converted from destroyers to patrol boats in 1939, as they were no longer capable enough to serve in the role of destroyer. Other times classes are retrofit because they are no longer needed in warfare, due to changes in tactics. For instance, the USS ; Langley was an aircraft carrier converted from a collier (coal-carrying ship to supply coal-fired steamships with fuel) of

234-641: Is a Membership Grade of Distinction conferred by The College of Fellows of ASHRAE, Inc. to an ASHRAE member with significant publications or innovations and distinguished scientific and engineering background in the fields of heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, ventilation. The ASHRAE Fellow membership grade is the highest elected grade in ASHRAE. To demonstrate the Society's commitment to sustainability, ASHRAE renovated its previous headquarters building in Atlanta, Ga . After

260-431: Is also an important part of climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation : because society invested in built infrastructure, housing and other systems before the magnitude of changes anticipated by climate change . Retrofits to increase building efficiency , for example, both help reduce the overall negative impacts of climate change by reducing building emissions and environmental impacts while also allowing

286-607: Is defined as: "any work to a building over and above maintenance to change its capacity, function or performance' in other words, any intervention to adjust, reuse, or upgrade a building to suit new conditions or requirements". Refurbishment can be done to a part of a building, an entire building, or a campus. Sustainable refurbishment takes this a step further to modify the existing building to perform better in terms of its environmental impact and its occupants' environment. Most sustainable refubrishments are also green retrofits: any refurbishment of an existing building that aims to reduce

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312-774: Is retrofitting a 3-way valve into a 2-way valve, which results in closing one of the three openings to continue using the valve for certain industrial systems. Retrofitting can improve a machine or system's overall functionality by using advanced and updated equipment and technology—such as integrating Human Machine Interfaces into older factories. Car customizing is a form of retrofitting, where older vehicles are fitted with new technologies: power windows , cruise control , remote keyless systems , electric fuel pumps , driverless systems , etc. Trucks and agricultural machines can also be given retrofits to make them driverless. Many naval vessels have undergone retrofitting and refitting, sometimes entire classes at once. For instance,

338-509: Is the addition of new technology or features to older systems. Retrofits can happen for a number of reasons, for example with big capital expenditures like naval vessels, military equipment or manufacturing plants, businesses or governments may retrofit in order to reduce the need to replace a system entirely. Other retrofits may be due to changing codes or requirements, such as seismic retrofit which are designed strengthening older buildings in order to make them earthquake resistant. Retrofitting

364-660: The ASHRAE Journal is issued monthly, and High Performing Buildings Magazine is published quarterly. They contain articles on related technology, information on upcoming meetings, editorials, and case studies of various well-performing buildings. ASHRAE also publishes books, ASHRAE Transactions , and the International Journal of HVAC&R Research . ASHRAE supported the Streamlining Energy Efficiency for Schools Act of 2014 (H.R. 4092; 113th Congress) ,

390-634: The New Threat Upgrade program of the US Navy saw many vessels retrofitted for improved anti-air capability. Naval vessels are often retrofit for one of three reasons: to incorporate new technology, to compensate for performance gaps or weaknesses in design, or to change the ship's classification . Militaries of the world are often ardent adopters of the latest technology, and many technological advances have been spurred by warfare, especially in fields such as radar and radio communications. Because of this, and

416-617: The carbon emissions and environmental impact of the building. This can include improving the energy efficiency of the HVAC and other mechanical systems, increasing the quality of insulation in the building envelope , implementing sustainable energy generation, and aiming to improve occupant comfort and health. Principally retrofitting describes the measures taken in the manufacturing industry to allow new or updated parts to be fitted to old or outdated assemblies (like blades to wind turbines). Retrofitting parts are necessary for manufacture when

442-594: The 1959 merger of ASHAE and the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE). Despite having 'American' in its name, ASHRAE is a global organization, holding international events. In 2012, it rebranded itself with a new logo and tagline: "Shaping Tomorrow's Built Environment Today". The ASHRAE Handbook is a four-volume resource for HVAC&R technology and is available in both print and electronic versions. The volumes are Fundamentals , HVAC Applications , HVAC Systems and Equipment , and Refrigeration . One of

468-714: The Jupiter-class. Because of the heavy use of retrofitting and refitting, fictional navies also include the concept. As an example, in the Star Trek MMORPG Star Trek Online players can purchase retrofitted ships of famous Star Trek ship classes, such as those crewed by the protagonists of the Star Trek TV series. This is done to allow players to pilot iconic ships from old series of the show, that wouldn't naturally be latest-and-greatest ships due to their obsolescence or size, but are retrofitted to be suitable for

494-407: The building to be more healthy during extreme weather events. Retrofitting also is part of a circular economy , reducing the amount of newly manufactured goods, thus reducing lifecycle emissions and environmental impacts. Sustainable refurbishment describes working on existing buildings to improve their environmental performance using sustainable methods and materials. A refurbishment or retrofit

520-454: The design of a large assembly is changed or revised. If, after the changes have been implemented, a customer (with an old version of the product) wishes to purchase a replacement part, then retrofit parts and assembling techniques will have to be used so that the revised parts will fit suitably onto the older assembly. Retrofitting is an important process used for valves and actuators to ensure optimal operation of an industrial plant. One example

546-429: The four volumes is updated each year. ASHRAE also publishes a set of standards and guidelines relating to HVAC systems and issues, that are often referenced in building codes and used by consulting engineers, mechanical contractors, architects, and government agencies. These standards are periodically reviewed, revised and republished. Examples of some ASHRAE Standards are: The society also publishes two magazines:

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572-406: The increasingly popular Building Information Modeling (BIM) which is 3D. 3D BIM software can have integrated tools for Building Services calculations such sizing ventilation ducts or estimating noise levels. Another use of 3D/4D BIM is that empowers more informed decision making and better coordination between different disciplines, such as 'collision testing' . Retrofitting Retrofitting

598-523: The renovation and occupancy in June 2008, the building received many awards, including an Energy Star rating with a score of 95, a Platinum Certification from USGBC's LEED program, and four Green Globes from the Green Building Initiative . The current site energy use intensity (EUI) is 35.8 kBtu/Sqft (411 MJ/m2), a 60 percent reduction from the pre-renovation value. The renovation included the use of

624-495: The significant investment that a ship hull represents, it is common for retrofitting to be performed whenever new systems are developed. This may be as small as replacing one type of radio with another, or replacing out-dated cryptography equipment with more secure methods of communication, or as major as replacing entire guns and turrets, adding armor plate, or new propulsion systems. Other ships are retrofit to compensate for weaknesses perceived in their operational capabilities. This

650-461: Was founded in 1894 at a meeting of engineers in New York City , formerly headquartered at 345 East 47th Street , and has held an annual meeting since 1895. Until 1954 it was known as the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (ASHVE); in that year it changed its name to the American Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHAE). Its current name and organization came from

676-538: Was the secondary purpose of the US Navy's New Threat Upgrade program, for instance. Major changes in doctrine or the art of warfare also necessitate changes, such as the anti-aircraft upgrades performed on many World War Two-era vessels as air power became a dominant part of naval strategy and tactics. Additionally, because of the investment a hull represents, few navies scrap front-line warships. Many times smaller ships are retrofitted for patrol, coast guard, or specialized roles when they are no longer fit for duty as part of

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