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55-582: AMPV may refer to: Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle , United States Army replacement for the M113 based on the Bradley Fighting Vehicle Armoured Multi-Purpose Vehicle , German military vehicle Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title AMPV . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

110-538: A crew served weapon. Tasks include conducting logistics package escort, emergency resupply, casualty evacuation , and security for medical evacuation and 522 vehicles are planned. This variant replaces the M113 AMEV . Requirements are for 3 crew and able to have either 6 ambulatory patients, 4 litter patients, or 3 ambulatory patients and 2 litter patients. It must also have medical equipment sets and environmental cooling. Tasks include conducting medical evacuation from

165-640: A group is creating a make-work system to justify extra funding, rather than providing a low-cost system which meets the basic needs, regardless of the use of COTS products. Applying the lessons of processor obsolescence learned during the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor , the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II planned for processor upgrades during development, and switched to the more widely supported C++ programming language. They have also moved from ASICs to FPGAs . This moves more of

220-825: A major threat. Gartner predicts that "enterprise IT supply chains will be targeted and compromised, forcing changes in the structure of the IT marketplace and how IT will be managed moving forward". Also, the SANS Institute published a survey of 700 IT and security professionals in December 2012 that found that only 14% of companies perform security reviews on every commercial application brought in house, and over half of other companies do not perform security assessments. Instead companies either rely on vendor reputation (25%) and legal liability agreements (14%) or they have no policies for dealing with COTS at all and therefore have limited visibility into

275-537: A mixed fleet would save billions of dollars through lower life-cycle costs compared to one fleet of either solution. The Stryker family of vehicles already includes all AMPV versions, except medical treatment, so "up-front" availability of those vehicles would shorten development timelines and allow the M113 to be replaced quicker. In May 2014, the House Armed Services Committee Tactical Air and Land Forces Subcommittee passed its markup of

330-556: A protest with the GAO, but would still be engaged in talks with Congress and the Department of Defense . The company may believe it has a better chance of gaining support through Congress, which favors a strategy of buying a mix of both Stryker and Bradley vehicles, and would be less likely to act if the dispute was brought to the GAO to avoid affecting the outcome of the protest. AMPV proposals were due by 28 May 2014. General Dynamics also favors

385-551: A reduction in initial cost and development time over an increase in software component-integration work, dependency on the vendor , security issues and incompatibilities from future changes. COTS software and services are built and delivered usually from a third party vendor. COTS can be purchased, leased or even licensed to the general public. COTS can be obtained and operated at a lower cost over in-house development, and provide increased reliability and quality over custom-built software as these are developed by specialists within

440-584: A relatively long production schedule for a non-developmental vehicle of 13 years: 3 years for low-rate production and 10 years for full-rate production. The production plan was partly based on budgetary constraints, but also to be able to speed up production in the event of war or another contingency. 33 percent of an Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) is made up of M113s, which are not used in combat operations because they are less mobile and poorly protected than other combat vehicles in an ABCT. Full-rate production should build just under 300 AMPV vehicles per year, but

495-455: A replacement system. Such obsolescence problems have led to government-industry partnerships, where various businesses agree to stabilize some product versions for government use and plan some future features, in those product lines, as a joint effort. Hence, some partnerships have led to complaints of favoritism, to avoiding competitive procurement practices, and to claims of the use of sole-source agreements where not actually needed. There

550-635: A split buy, using tracked Bradley-type vehicles for mobility missions while having wheeled Strykers as an armored ambulance and for support vehicle missions not assigned to combat brigades. Although a split buy may be considered, with lower-mobility vehicles serving in rear-echelon units outside of armored brigades, the Army is unlikely to procure a mix of tracked and wheeled armored vehicles within an ABCT itself due to risk of mobility differences hindering cross-country maneuvering and mechanical differences increasing maintenance demands. General Dynamics claims that using

605-515: A submission, saying they would not compete in the program as the requirements and other provisions did not allow them to provide a competitive solution. The company ruled out bringing their protest to the Federal Circuit Court so they could pursue other options, including their mixed fleet idea to include Stryker medical vehicles. The Senate Appropriations Committee may include language in its 2015 defense appropriations bill that prohibits

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660-685: A turretless variant of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle to replace over 2,800 M113s in service. As of 2013 , five variants of the 2,907 AMPV are planned: As of 2015 the program evolved to the following numbers (according to the GAO Program Performance of the fiscal year 2015 for the AMPV program ) The first AMPV prototype was rolled out in December 2016, and the first production vehicles began rolling out in September 2020. In March 2023,

715-504: A variant equipped with a remote controlled turret Kongsberg Protector RT20 (30 mm). In December 2018, the AMPV programme was approved to move into the "Production and Deployment phase" of the acquisition. As part of this milestone, the production in LRIP would start. Romania is looking for a successor to its Soviet-era infantry fighting vehicles . A bid for the supply of those vehicles has been opened for 298 vehicles (2 prototypes, 246 for

770-598: A wheeled vehicle could get bogged down in, preventing an armored ambulance from reaching wounded soldiers in time. Using BAE's Bradley-based chassis allows for commonality between 75 percent of an armored brigade's combat vehicles, easing maintenance and logistics and ensuring the vehicles have comparable mobility. There are to be five versions of the AMPV: This variant replaces the M113A3 APC. Requirements are for 2 crew and 6 troops, be configured to carry one litter, and mount

825-423: Is a COTS software provider. Goods and construction materials may qualify as COTS but bulk cargo does not. Services associated with the commercial items may also qualify as COTS, including installation services, training services, and cloud services. COTS purchases are alternatives to custom software or one-off developments – government-funded developments or otherwise. Although COTS products can be used out of

880-566: Is able to, including very soft ground. BAE said the Army's changed mobility requirements from a zero turning radius to a larger turning radius that could accommodate a wheeled design and that requirements do not specify a Bradley-based vehicle because a pure Bradley solution would not meet them; the AMPV's survivability requirements are higher than that of an M2 equipped with the Bradley Urban Survival Kit (BUSK) III . Navistar Defense also offered its MaxxPro MRAP to fulfill part of

935-420: Is also the danger of pre-purchasing a multi-decade supply of replacement parts (and materials) which would become obsolete within 10 years. All these considerations lead to compare a simple solution (such as "paper & pencil") to avoid overly complex solutions creating a " Rube Goldberg " system of creeping featurism , where a simple solution would have sufficed instead. Such comparisons also consider whether

990-506: Is integrated or networked with other software products to create a new composite application or a system of systems. The composite application can inherit risks from its COTS components. The US Department of Homeland Security has sponsored efforts to manage supply chain cyber security issues related to the use of COTS. However, software industry observers such as Gartner and the SANS Institute indicate that supply chain disruption poses

1045-640: Is to provide indirect mortar fire and 386 vehicles are planned. In 2024, trials of the AMPV equipped with a Patria NEMO mortar turret took place in Fort Moore, Georgia. BAE Systems announced in 2024 having tested a variant of the AMPV equipped with a C-UAS turret, the Leonardo M-SHORAD . An internal BAE project in collaboration with the US Army to develop an engineer vehicle to replace M113's in that role at Echelons Above Brigade (EAB). BAE Systems presented

1100-534: The Iraq War , urban warfare tactics still defeated the M113, leading it to be almost entirely replaced in active service by Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles. MRAPs were useful on the roads of Iraq, but have less payload capacity and worse off-road performance. The AMPV aims to find a vehicle more versatile and mobile against a wide range of adversaries while having off-road mobility comparable to Bradleys and M1 Abrams tanks. Some reports suggested that

1155-629: The M1068A3 command post carrier . Requirements are for 2 crew, 2 operators, and a mount for a crew served weapon. The task is to serve as a command post and 993 vehicles are planned. This variant intends to become the cornerstone of the Army’s ABCT Network Modernization Strategy. This variant replaces the M1064A3 mortar carrier . Requirements are for 2 crew and 2 mortar crew, with a 120 mm mortar and 69 mortar rounds. The task

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1210-448: The ABCT formation. Army leaders have rejected General Dynamics' idea of using a wheeled vehicle for medical evacuation in armored brigades, saying a tracked vehicle's superior mobility better enables it to retrieve wounded soldiers. The requirements were for a vehicle that could go wherever the tracked vehicles of an armored brigade went, which would include rough terrain and soft ground that

1265-523: The AMPV as their number one ground combat vehicle acquisition priority. The Army FY 2015 budget proposal suggests canceling the GCV program and moving funds to the AMPV as the service's priority vehicle program. In order to keep development costs down, the Army is requiring the vehicle be a commercial off-the-shelf design that can be incrementally improved. The vehicle would have new technologies including electronics, networking, and communications gear added onto

1320-631: The AMPV program was being favored over the Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) program. While procurement of the AMPV fleet would cost over $ 5 billion, the Government Accountability Office estimates the GCV fleet would cost $ 37 billion. In April 2013, the Congressional Budget Office said the AMPV would be a better buy because analysts have asserted that the vehicles the GCV is slated to replace should not be first. The GCV

1375-540: The AMPV role. The idea is to replace the M113 sooner with the more survivable mine-resistant MaxxPro until the AMPV can be fielded in 2020. The Army Materiel Command denied General Dynamics' protest in April 2014. Their response was that although BAE had an advantage being the manufacturers of the Bradley and M113, the government was not required to neutralize that and that does not constitute preferential treatment. Regarding OEVs,

1430-469: The Army Materiel Command clarified that they may not specifically be used for conversion but could still be exchanged for foreign sales or be scrapped, which would be less cost-effective. General Dynamics could have gone to the Government Accountability Office with its protest, or simply withdraw from the competition. In April 2014, General Dynamics released a statement saying they wouldn't file

1485-695: The Army from funding the medical evacuation variant of the AMPV. This is due to lobbying from General Dynamics to Congress in order to get the Stryker incorporated into future Army vehicle plans, with the Senate claiming time and funding may be wasted on developing a new medical evacuation variant when "a wheeled combat vehicle has successfully deployed in combat with armored brigade combat teams," referencing Stryker medical vehicles deployed with some heavy brigades in Iraq. The Army said that this would require them to compete that part of

1540-405: The Army issued a draft request for proposals (RFP) for the AMPV. The RFP proposed a $ 1.46 billion contract for design and development phases. The engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase would build 29 prototypes over four years from 2014 through 2017 for $ 388 million. Low-rate initial production (LRIP) would be from 2018 to 2020 at $ 1.08 billion for 289 production models. After 2020,

1595-459: The Army planned to award a five-year EMD contract in May 2014 to one contractor, which will manufacture 29 vehicles for government testing, followed by a three-year LRIP contract starting in 2020. The EMD phase was extended from FY 2015 to FY 2019, and raised the cost to build 29 prototypes to $ 458 million. Expenditures for three years of LRIP for 289 vehicles were $ 244 million the first year, $ 479 million

1650-465: The Army planned to buy another 2,618 vehicles over ten years for a total of 2,907 AMPVs. Cost per vehicle is not to exceed $ 1.8 million, totalling $ 4.7 billion for the entire fleet. As with the revised GCV program, one development contract will be awarded to one company. In October 2013, the Army released a new draft RFP, delaying the start of the program by one year and raising the development costs by several hundred million dollars. The new document said

1705-508: The COTS product. The use of COTS has been mandated across many government and business programs, as such products may offer significant savings in procurement, development, and maintenance. Motivations for using COTS components include hopes for reduction system whole of life costs. In the 1990s, many regarded COTS as extremely effective in reducing the time and cost of software development . COTS software came with many not-so-obvious tradeoffs –

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1760-760: The EMD phase for AMPVs. 39 Bradley vehicles of versions previous to the current M2A3/M3A3 configurations and 39 M113s not including the M113 AMEV can be exchanged by the government to the contractor for credit. In February 2014, General Dynamics filed a protest with the Army Materiel Command on grounds that the AMPV requirements had been written to favor a chassis based on the BAE Systems Bradley Fighting Vehicle , making it more difficult for their Stryker designs or other foreign designs to compete in

1815-541: The Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD) phase of the AMPV program. The initial award is for a 52-month base term, to produce 29 vehicles across each of the variants. It contains the option to begin Low-Rate Initial Production (LRIP) immediately following the EMD's conclusion to produce an additional 289 vehicles for the total contract value of $ 1.2 billion. The vehicles are to move as rapidly as

1870-498: The FY 2015 budget. Language pertaining to the AMPV approved 80 percent of requested funding, but withheld 20 percent until the Army submitted a report on the program by May 2015. The report requests a study on replacing M113 vehicles in formations separate from frontline fighting, rather than just in armored brigades, and the feasibility of a wheeled vehicle being used for the medical evacuation role. This works into General Dynamics' suggestion of

1925-625: The Phase I to be supplied by 2032, and Phase II, 50 to be supplied later), and with a local production. The confirmed participants include: BAE Systems requested to participate in the programme, with the AMPV Infantry fighting vehicle and the CV90 . Commercial off-the-shelf Commercial-off-the-shelf or commercially available off-the-shelf ( COTS ) products are packaged or canned (ready-made) hardware or software, which are adapted aftermarket to

1980-480: The Stryker medical evacuation vehicle would save $ 2 billion in life cycle costs and that it is smoother and quicker than a tracked vehicle in the role. In May 2014, BAE Systems submitted their proposal for the AMPV competition. Their submission was based on the Bradley and Paladin Integrated Management designs to meet the force protection and all-terrain mobility requirements with maximum commonality within

2035-507: The U.S. Army delivered the first AMPVs to the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia. As of 5 August 2023, the AMPV had entered full-rate initial production. The M113 has been in service since the early 1960s and while able to take on various roles, has proven too vulnerable for combat. In the 1980s, the M2 Bradley replaced the M113 in the front-line transport role, moving it to rear-area roles. In

2090-435: The ability is there to quickly increase production if an ABCT needed to deploy to combat. Letting industry build as fast as possible regularly only to stop it later is seen as irresponsible. In November 2013, the Army released the official AMPV EMD phase RFP. Despite sequestration budget cuts, the program is maintaining its previously stated goal of 2,907 vehicles at $ 1.8 million each, built over 13 years. A 5-year EMD contract

2145-458: The box, in practice the COTS product must be configured to achieve the needs of the business and integrated to existing organizational systems. Extending the functionality of COTS products via custom development is also an option, however this decision should be carefully considered due to the long term support and maintenance implications. Such customized functionality is not supported by the COTS vendor, so brings its own sets of issues when upgrading

2200-480: The device itself if the steps are not taken to ensure fair and safe standards are complied with. The standard IEC 62304:2006 "Medical device software – Software life cycle processes" outlines specific practices to ensure that SOUP components support the safety requirements for the device being developed. In the case where the software components are COTS, DHS best practices for COTS software risk review can be applied. Simply being COTS software does not necessarily imply

2255-615: The family of vehicles. The BAE AMPV team includes: DRS Technologies for power management, distribution, and integration; Northrop Grumman for Mission Command Mission Equipment Package design and integration; Air Methods Corporation for medical evacuation and treatment subsystems; and the Red River Army Depot for vehicle teardown and component remanufacture. A 52-month EMD contract was to be awarded in January 2015, with prototypes delivered after 24 months. General Dynamics did not make

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2310-490: The industry and are validated by various independent organizations, often over an extended period of time. According to the United States Department of Homeland Security , software security is a serious risk of using COTS software. If the COTS software contains severe security vulnerabilities it can introduce significant risk into an organization's software supply chain . The risks are compounded when COTS software

2365-562: The lack of a fault history or transparent software development process. For well documented COTS software a distinction as clear SOUP is made, meaning that it may be used in medical devices. A striking example of product obsolescence are PlayStation 3 clusters , which used Linux to operate. Sony disabled the use of Linux on the PS3 in April 2010, leaving no means to procure functioning Linux replacement units . In general, COTS product obsolescence can require customized support or development of

2420-434: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMPV&oldid=1069626254 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle In 2014, the U.S. Army selected BAE Systems ' proposal of

2475-635: The mixed Bradley/Stryker AMPV acquisition idea, saying a combination fleet would match missions with Bradley and Double V-hull (DVH) Stryker strengths to quickly provide enhanced survivability and lower logistics costs. The Stryker M1135 NBC reconnaissance vehicle is already organic within ABCTs, and the M1133 medical evacuation vehicle deployed with an ABCT to Iraq in 2009. Using the wheeled Stryker to perform some AMPV missions would offset costs associated with maintaining tracked vehicles. A company analysis concluded that

2530-550: The needs of the purchasing organization, rather than the commissioning of custom-made, or bespoke , solutions. A related term, Mil-COTS , refers to COTS products for use by the U.S. military. In the context of the U.S. government , the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) has defined "COTS" as a formal term for commercial items, including services, available in the commercial marketplace that can be bought and used under government contract. For example, Microsoft

2585-417: The platform as they become available later. If the AMPV can incorporate newer satellite communications as they are developed, they could be linked to other ground vehicles that would normally require a complete subsystems overhaul for new gear after a certain number of years. The operational maintenance cost requirement of the AMPV is up to $ 90 per mile, compared to $ 58 per mile for the M113. In March 2013,

2640-471: The point of injury to an aid station and medical resupply replenishment and 790 vehicles are planned. This variant replaces the M577A3 medical vehicle . Requirements are for 4 crew and one litter patient, as well as medical equipment sets and environmental cooling. Tasks include serving as the forward aid station, main aid station, and battalion aid station and 216 vehicles are planned. This variant replaces

2695-494: The primary combat vehicles in an ABCT during unified land operations over multiple terrain sets with superior force protection, survivability, and mobility than the M113. They will support the M1 Abrams and M2/M3 Bradley to resupply the formation, conduct battle command functions, deliver organic indirect fires, provide logistics support and medical treatment, and perform medical and casualty evacuation to function as an integral part of

2750-405: The program separately, write a new RFP, and come up with a new acquisition strategy, independent cost estimate, and acquisition decision memorandum. This could potentially cost an additional $ 95 million, delay the program at least two years, and would take money away from Abrams, Bradley, and Stryker modernization efforts. In December 2014, BAE Systems was awarded a $ 383 million contract to begin

2805-406: The program. They cite the option of using excess Bradleys as optional exchange vehicles, which is difficult for a competitor not offering the chassis, the Army not providing performance data on Bradley components outside of BAE, which they could use to develop a tracked offering, and mobility requirements that exclude wheeled vehicles, which call for a vehicle that can go 100 percent of places the M113

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2860-445: The risks introduced into their software supply chain by COTS. In the medical device industry, COTS software can sometimes be identified as SOUP ( software of unknown pedigree or software of unknown provenance), i.e., software that has not been developed with a known software development process or methodology, which precludes its use in medical devices. In this industry, faults in software components could become system failures in

2915-439: The second year, and $ 505 million the third year, totaling an increase to $ 1.2 billion for low-rate production. The AMPV will cost $ 1.68 billion before full-rate production begins, an increase from $ 1.46 billion previously. The new draft did not change the total number of vehicles desired and does not include an average unit manufacturing cost. Congress approved $ 116 million for the program in the Army's FY 2014 budget. The AMPV has

2970-602: Was to be awarded to one manufacturer in May 2014 to produce 29 vehicles for testing, which will be followed by a 3-year LRIP contract in 2020. Although the October draft RFP raised the cost of the EMD phase to $ 458 million, the official November RFP lowered it to $ 436 million. Annual expenditures for the EMD phase are $ 70 million in FY 2015, $ 174 million in FY 2016, $ 114 million in FY 2017, $ 64 million in FY 2018, and $ 14 million in FY 2019. The RFP also contains an Optional Exchange Vehicle (OEV) program to exchange up to 78 vehicles during

3025-408: Was to replace 61 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles in each armored combat brigade, making up 18 percent of the 346 armored combat vehicles in each armored brigade. A September 2013 Congressional Research Service report suggested that given budgetary constraints, the GCV program may be unrealistic, and that one potential discussion could focus on a decision by the Army to replace the GCV with

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