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61-531: The Physician Masterfile spans from undergraduate medical education through practice and comprise databases of Physician records are never removed from the AMA Physician Masterfile, even in the case of a physician's death. The Student Outreach Program creates affiliate student records in a database specifically designed to support AMA membership recruitment activities. The record includes: "Unverified" affiliate student records are considered and use of

122-546: A humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ), with four distinct seasons, resembling Hartford more than coastal Connecticut or New York City. Summers are hot and humid, while winters are cold with significant snowfall. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 28.0 °F (−2.2 °C) in January to 74.5 °F (23.6 °C) in July; on average, temperatures reaching 90 or 0 °F (32 or −18 °C) occur on 18 and 3.1 days of

183-534: A ban on mercury in hatmaking in 1941. While Danbury hat factories stopped using mercury in the 1940s, the mercury waste has remained in the Still River and adjacent soils, and has been detected at high levels in the 21st century. By the 1920s, the hat industry was in decline. By 1923, only six manufacturers were left in Danbury, which increased the pressure on workers. After World War II, returning GIs went hatless,

244-528: A market-leading position in health care programmatic advertising and would raise health-care prices for consumers. In December 2023, U.S. District Court Judge Edgardo Ramos issued an order granting the FTC’s motion for preliminary injunction to block the merger. Speaking in favor of the FTC, Ramos said, "The FTC has shown that there is a reasonable probability that the proposed acquisition will substantially impair competition in

305-420: A network of more than 88,000 employees in more than 100 countries and a market capitalization of US$ 49 billion as of August 2021. As of 2023, IQVIA was reported to be one of the world's largest contract research organizations (CRO). IQVIA is the result of the 2016 merger of Quintiles, a leading global contract research organization, and IMS Health, a leading healthcare data and analytics provider The name of

366-615: A reference to the destruction caused by the Loyalist army troops. The American General David Wooster was mortally wounded at the Battle of Ridgefield by the British forces which had raided Danbury, but at the beginning of the battle, the Americans succeeded in driving the British forces down to Long Island Sound. Wooster is buried in Danbury's Wooster Cemetery; the private Wooster School in Danbury also

427-618: A simple majority vote. If after five days the Mayor does not approve the ordinance (similar to a veto), the City Council may re-vote on it. If it then passes with a two-thirds majority, it becomes effective without the Mayor's approval. The current City Council consists of 14 Republicans and 7 Democrats. Danbury has six state representatives as of 2021; Raghib Allie-Brennan D-2, Stephen Harding R-107, Patrick Callahan R-108, David Arconti D-109, Bob Godfrey D-110 and Kenneth Gucker D-138. There

488-517: A trend that accelerated through the 1950s, dooming the city's hat industry. The city's last major hat factory, owned by Stetson , closed in 1964. The last hat was made in Danbury in 1987 when a small factory owned by Stetson closed. According to the United States Census Bureau , Danbury has a total area of 44.3 square miles (115 km ), of which 42.1 square miles (109 km ) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km ), or 4.94%,

549-574: Is created after a student record is created. Social Security number was used for ME Number and is widely used by internal AMA processing systems. The ME number is assigned by the AMA Finance Department. In July 2007, it was publicized that the AMA discloses Masterfile Physician Data to pharmaceutical companies. In 2000, the AMA earned $ 20 million from the sale of data from the MasterFile. Currently,

610-799: Is grades 9 through 12. An alternative school by the name of Alternative Center for Excellence is housed off-campus, and its graduates receive Danbury High School diplomas upon completion of their studies. Danbury also has 3 public middle schools for grades 6 through 8: Broadview Middle School, Rogers Park Middle School and Westside Middle School Academy . There are 13 elementary schools in Danbury. These schools are Academy for International Studies Magnet School (K–5), Ellsworth Avenue (K–5), Great Plain (K–5), Hayestown (K–5), King Street Primary (K–3) and King Street Intermediate (4–5), Mill Ridge Primary (K–3), Morris Street (K–5), Park Avenue (K–5), Pembroke (K–5), Shelter Rock (K–5), South Street (K–5) and Stadley Rough (K–5). Roman Catholic schools in Danbury reside within

671-588: Is one state senator, Julie Kushner D-24. Danbury is represented in the United States Congress by U.S. Rep. Jahana Hayes (D). Danbury's Fiscal Year 2020–2021 mill rate is 27.60. Danbury Public Schools operates most public schools, with Danbury High School belonging to the district. The other public high school, Henry Abbott Technical High School , is within the Connecticut Technical High School System . Each high school

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732-580: Is water. The city is located in the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains on low-lying land just south of Candlewood Lake (the City includes the southern parts of the lake). It developed along the Still River , which flows generally from west to east through the city before joining the Housatonic River . The city's terrain includes rolling hills and not-very-tall mountains to the west and northwest called

793-697: The 06810 code was given to all of Danbury; it was shared with a then-still-rural New Fairfield to its north. In 1984, the 06810 Zip Code was cut back to areas of Danbury south of Interstate 84. A new 06811 ZIP code was created for areas north of Interstate 84. New Fairfield received its own code, 06812 . In 2016 Danbury's workforce was approximately 79,400 workers. 12,200 (15.4%) of them worked in goods producing industries. 67,200 (84.6%) of them worked in service providing industries which includes: trade, transportation and utilities (17,300), professional and business services (9,400), leisure and hospitality (7,300), government (10,200) and all other (23,000). In Nov. 2016,

854-487: The Danbury and Norwalk Railroad . Work moved quickly on the 23 mi (37 km) railroad line. In 1852, the first railroad line in Danbury opened, with two trains making the 75-minute trip to Norwalk . The central part of Danbury was incorporated as a borough in 1822. The borough was reincorporated as the city of Danbury on April 19, 1889. The city and town were consolidated on January 1, 1965. The first dam to be built on

915-525: The Oglala Sioux nation, who re-enacted events from frontier history. Oglala Sioux Albert Afraid of Hawk died on June 29, 1900, at age 21 in Danbury during the tour. He was buried at Wooster Cemetery . In 2012, employee Robert Young discovered Afraid of Hawk's remains. The city consulted with Oglala Sioux leaders of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and arranged repatriation of the remains to

976-457: The "Danbury 11", were arrested in Danbury. A sting operation had been set up where day laborers were lured into a van whose driver, a disguised Danbury police officer posing as a contractor, promised them work. The laborers were driven to a parking lot where, if it was determined they were in the US illegally, were arrested by agents of ICE and the Danbury police. Yale University law students represented

1037-421: The "Danbury shakes", was characterized by slurred speech, tremors, stumbling, and, in extreme cases, hallucinations. The effect of mercury on the workers' health was first noted in the late 19th century. While workers in the Danbury factories lobbied for controls on mercury in the early 20th century, a government study on the health effects of mercury was not conducted until 1937. The State of Connecticut announced

1098-504: The 1908 Danbury Hatters' Case the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the union was liable for damages. In the 1930s and 1940s, there were a number of violent incidents during several strikes, mostly involving scab workers brought in as strikebreakers. Beginning in 1892, the industry was revolutionized when the large hat factories began to shift to manufacturing unfinished hat bodies only, and supplying them to smaller hat shops for finishing. While Danbury produced 24% of America's hats in 1904,

1159-535: The AMA Physician Masterfile when IMGs enter residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education ( ACGME ). The AMA Physician Masterfile also includes data on IMGs who are licensed to practice medicine but who have not entered ACGME-accredited programs and on physicians licensed to practice medicine in the United States but who are temporarily located abroad. The ME Number

1220-596: The AMA brings in over $ 40 million a year licensing the database. IQVIA IQVIA , formerly Quintiles and IMS Health, Inc. , is an American Fortune 500 and S&P 500 multinational company serving the combined industries of health information technology and clinical research . IQVIA is a provider of biopharmaceutical development, professional consulting and commercial outsourcing services, focused primarily on Phase I-IV clinical trials and associated laboratory and analytical services, including investment strategy and management consulting services. It has

1281-488: The City did not admit any wrongdoing and there were no changes in the city's policies or procedures. In 1780, what is traditionally considered to be the first hat shop in Danbury was established by Zadoc Benedict . ( Hatmaking had existed in Danbury before the Revolution.) The Benedict shop had three employees, and they made 18 hats weekly. By 1800, Danbury was producing 20,000 hats annually, more than any other city in

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1342-471: The Paquioque in 1685, along with his brother James Benedict, James Beebe, and Judah Gregory. This area was also called Paquiack ("open plain" or "cleared land") by the Paquioque. In recognition of the wetlands, the settlers chose the name Swampfield for their town. In October 1687, the general court decreed the name Danbury. The general court appointed a committee to lay out the new town's boundaries. A survey

1403-549: The Physician Masterfile, which they then use to identify physicians within prescription data purchased from pharmacies. This enriched, prescriber-identified prescription data is then sold to pharmaceutical companies that use it to monitor marketing effectiveness. An AMA Physician Masterfile record is established when individuals enter medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), or in

1464-459: The Still River throughout the late 19th century and into the 1940s. This toxic product flowed into the Housatonic River and Long Island Sound , affecting water quality and various fish and other organisms. Field studies conducted in the Still River basin in the 21st century have detected the continuing presence of high levels of mercury in the river sediments and nearby soils. Danbury has

1525-693: The U.S. Due to the fur felt hat coming back into style for men and increasing mechanization in the 1850s, by 1859 hat production in Danbury had risen to 1.5 million annually. By 1887, thirty factories were producing 5 million hats per year. Around this time, fur processing was separated from hat manufacturing when the P. Robinson Fur Cutting Company (1884) on Oil Mill Road and the White Brothers' factory began operation. By 1880, workers had unionized, beginning decades of labor unrest. They struggled to achieve conditions that were more fair, going on strike; with management reacting with lockouts. Because of

1586-476: The Western Highland. Ground elevations in the city range from 378 feet to 1,050 feet above sea level. A geologic fault known as Cameron's Line runs through Danbury. Bethel Brookfield New Fairfield New Milford Newtown Ridgefield The hatmaking fur-removal process was based on the use of mercury nitrate . The waste caused serious water pollution as the hat manufacturers dumped it into

1647-495: The approach of British regulars, helping them muster in defense; these accounts, originating from the Ludington family , are questioned by modern scholars. During the following day on April 26, 1777, the British, under Major General William Tryon , burned and sacked Danbury, but fatalities were limited due to Ludington's warning. The central motto on the seal of the City of Danbury is Restituimus , ( Latin for "We have restored"),

1708-457: The case of international medical graduates (IMG), upon entry into ACGME-accredited programs. When creating a record, the database is first checked to see if the person has a record using legal last name, legal first name, date of birth, school code, and state of residence to identify unique student entities when creating Masterfile records. Each AMA Physician Masterfile record includes Data on international medical graduates (IMGs) are included in

1769-509: The city supplied the industry with 75% of its hat bodies. The turn of the century was the heyday of the hatting industry in Danbury, when it became known as the "Hat City" and the "Hatting Capitol of the World". Its motto was "Danbury Crowns Them All". The use of mercuric nitrate in the felting process poisoned many workers in the hat factories, creating a condition called erethism , also called "mad hatter disease." The condition, known locally as

1830-415: The data is limited to providing membership benefits and membership payment processing. The AMA Masterfile has been in use since 1906. The data are shared with other organizations and agencies who credential physicians and are used to identify individuals who attempt to fraudulently assume the credentials of deceased physicians. The AMA also charges data mining companies such as IQVIA a fee for access to

1891-434: The downtown. At the same time, roads were relocated and rebuilt, 123 major buildings were razed and 104 families were relocated. This began various efforts by the City through 1975 towards urban renewal, using another $ 22 million of federal funding. However, these efforts failed to reinvigorate the central business district. On February 13, 1970, brothers James and John Pardue detonated time bombs (injuring 26 people) at

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1952-480: The effectiveness of pharmaceutical marketing and sales resources. The firm used its data to produce syndicated reports such as market forecasts and market intelligence. The original name of the company was I ntercontinental M arketing S tatistics, hence the IMS name. IMS Health's corporate headquarters were located in Danbury , Connecticut , in the United States. Ari Bousbib was the chairman and CEO of IMS Health before

2013-453: The media and the legal system. IMS Health v. Ayotte was a free speech case involving IMS Health. Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc. was a case about physician- data privacy , which went to the U.S. Supreme Court. The High Court ruled in favor of the company. IQVIA was contracted by the UK government's Office of National Statistics to provide data on the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in

2074-409: The men pro bono and filed a civil rights lawsuit against the city on their behalf. On March 8, 2011, it was confirmed a settlement had been reached in the case whereby Danbury agreed to pay the laborers $ 400,000 (Danbury's insurance carrier paid the settlement plus legal fees of close to $ 1,000,000, less a $ 100,000 deductible). The federal government agreed to pay them $ 250,000. As part of the settlement,

2135-645: The merger. Quintiles was the world's largest provider of biopharmaceutical development and commercial outsourcing services. The company offered clinical data management, clinical trial execution services, pharmaceuticals, drug development, financial partnering, and commercialization expertise to companies in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. In 1982, Dennis Gillings founded and incorporated Quintiles Transnational in North Carolina . Quintiles Transnational established Quintiles Pacific Inc. and Quintiles Ireland Ltd. in 1990. In 1991 Quintiles GmbH

2196-503: The modern company honors the legacy organizations. IQVIA: I (IMS Health), Q (Quintiles), and VIA (by way of). IMS Health was best known for its collection of healthcare information spanning sales, de-identified prescription data, medical claims, electronic medical records and social media . IMS Health's products and services were used by companies to develop commercialization plans and portfolio strategies, to select patient and physician populations for specific therapies, and to measure

2257-402: The nation's first prisons to desegregate its inmates. On August 18–19, 1955, the Still River, which normally meandered slowly through downtown Danbury, overflowed its banks when Hurricane Diane hit the area, dropping six inches of rain on the city. This was in addition to the nine inches that fell from Hurricane Connie five days earlier. The water flooded stores, factories and homes along

2318-577: The nation. This meeting occurred in the Health Sciences Library of Danbury Hospital with assistance of the Chaplain. Wrapped in a bison skin, the remains were transported to Manderson , South Dakota, to Saint Mark's Episcopal Cemetery, for reburial by tribal descendants. In 1928 local plane pilots bought a 60-acre (24 ha) tract near the Fairgrounds, known as Tucker's Field, and leased it to

2379-473: The police station, Union Savings Bank and in their getaway car to cover their escape from robbing the bank at gunpoint, the culmination of a two-year crime spree that included four bank robberies and five murders. The flawed primary mirror of the Hubble Space Telescope was ground and polished in Danbury by Perkin-Elmer's Danbury Optical System unit from 1979 to 1981. It was mistakenly ground to

2440-402: The population of Danbury as of 2015 is 84,657. As of the 2010 census, there were 80,893 people and 29,046 households in the city, with 2.73 persons per household. 44.1% of the population spoke a language other than English at home. The population density was 1,921.4 people per square mile. There were 31,154 housing units at an average density of 740.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city

2501-435: The population was under the age of 5, and 21.1% was under the age of 18. 11.1% of the population was 65 years of age or older. 50.9% of the population was female. The per capita income for the city was $ 31,411. 11.1% of the population was below the poverty line. The median gross monthly rent was $ 1,269. In 2015 the median income for a household in the city was approximately $ 66,676. When ZIP codes were introduced in 1963,

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2562-480: The population. Some users of the survey reported problems contacting IQVIA and arranging for testing. The problems with how the survey results were collected were criticised for potentially leading to biased data by New Scientist . On July 17, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission sued to block IQVIA’s acquisition of Propel Media alleging in an administrative complaint that the acquisition would give IQVIA

2623-598: The relevant market and that the equities weigh in favor of injunctive relief." An administrative trial was scheduled to start on January 18, 2024. However, on January 5, 2024, IQVIA and Propel Media announced that they had mutually agreed to abandon the proposed merger. Danbury, Connecticut Danbury ( / ˈ d æ n b ɛər i / DAN -bair-ee ) is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut , United States, located approximately 50 miles (80 km) northeast of New York City . Danbury's population as of 2020

2684-478: The river from North Street to Beaver Brook, causing $ 3 million in damages. Stores downtown on White Street between Main and Maple were especially hard hit. On October 13–16, another 12 inches of rain fell on Danbury, causing the worst flooding in the city's history. This time, the river damaged all bridges across it, effectively cutting the city in half for several days. Flooding was more widespread than in August, and

2745-463: The river, to collect water for the hat industry, impounded the Kohanza Reservoir . This dam broke on January 31, 1869, under pressure of ice and water. The ensuing flood of icy water killed 11 people within 30 minutes, and caused major damage to homes and farms. As a busy city, Danbury attracted traveling shows and tours, including Buffalo Bill 's Wild West Show in 1900. It featured young men of

2806-404: The same downtown areas hit in August were devastated once again. The resulting damage was valued at $ 6 million, and two people lost their lives. The City determined the river in the downtown area had to be tamed. $ 4.5 million in federal and state funding were acquired as part of a greater urban renewal project to straighten, deepen, widen, and enclose the river in a concrete channel through

2867-534: The scale of the industry, labor unrest and struggles over wages affected the economy of the entire town. In 1893, nineteen manufacturers locked out 4000 union hatters. In 1902, the American Federation of Labor union called for a nationwide boycott of Dietrich Loewe, a Danbury non-union hat manufacturer. The manufacturer sued the union under the Sherman Antitrust Act for unlawfully restraining trade. In

2928-527: The split of ownership at 51.4% IMS and 48.6% Quintiles. The merger was completed in October and the resulting company was a $ 17.6 billion company called QuintilesIMS. In November 2017, the company adopted the new name of IQVIA, and changed its ticker symbol on the NYSE from Q to IQV. Throughout its history, the legacy IMS Health's business of collecting anonymized pharmaceutical sales data came under scrutiny from both

2989-572: The town. This was developed as an airport, which is now Danbury Municipal Airport ( ICAO : KDXR ). Connecticut's largest lake, Candlewood Lake (of which the extreme southern part is in Danbury), was created as a hydroelectric power facility in 1928 by building a dam where Wood Creek and the Rocky River meet near the Housatonic River in New Milford . During World War II , Danbury's federal prison

3050-609: The unemployment rate for the Danbury Labor Market Area was 3.0%, compared to 3.7% for the State and 4.6% nationally. The top employers in the city in 2020 were: The chief executive officer of Danbury is the Mayor, who serves a two-year term. The current mayor is Roberto L. Alves (D). The Mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council, which consists of 21 members, two from each of the seven city wards , and seven at-large. The City Council enacts ordinances and resolutions by

3111-585: The wrong shape due to the use of a miscalibrated testing device. The mistake was not discovered until after the telescope was in orbit and began to be used. The effects of the flaw were corrected during the telescope's first servicing mission in 1993. In the August 1988 issue of Money magazine , Danbury topped the magazine's list of the best U.S. cities to live in, mostly due to low crime, good schools, and location. A case that would make national headlines and play out for over four years began on September 19, 2006, when eleven day laborers, who came to be known as

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3172-550: The year, respectively. The average annual precipitation is approximately 56.04 inches (1,420 mm), which is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year; snow averages 49.3 inches (125 cm) per season, although this total may vary considerably from year to year. Extremes in temperature range from 106 °F (41 °C) on July 22, 1926, and July 15, 1995 (the highest temperature recorded in Connecticut ) down to −18 °F (−28 °C) on February 9, 1934. It's estimated that

3233-451: Was 68.2% White , 25.0% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 7.2% African American , 0.40% Native American , 6.8% Asian , less than 0.10% Pacific Islander , 7.6% from other races , and 4.5% from two or more races. 32% of the population was foreign born. Of particular note is a sizeable population of residents of Portuguese and Brazilian heritage. They are served by locally based Portuguese-language print and broadcast media. 6.7% of

3294-587: Was 86,518. It is the third-largest city in Western Connecticut , and the seventh-largest city in Connecticut . Located within the heart of the Housatonic Valley region , the city is a commercial hub of western Connecticut, an outer-ring commuter suburb of New York City, and an historic summer colony of the New York metropolitan area and New England . Danbury is nicknamed the "Hat City", because it

3355-595: Was established in Germany and Quintiles Laboratories Ltd. was established in Atlanta, Georgia. In September 1996, Quintiles purchased Innovex Ltd. of Britain for $ 747.5 million in stock. Quintiles went public in 1997 and completed a successful secondary stock offering. In May 2016, Quintiles agreed to merge with IMS Health in a deal worth $ 9 billion. IMS Health shareholders received 0.384 shares of Quintiles common stock for each share of IMS Health common stock they held, leaving

3416-597: Was held in 1821. In 1869, it became a yearly event; the last edition was in 1981. The fairgrounds were cleared to make room for the Danbury Fair Mall , which opened in autumn 1986. In 1835, the Connecticut Legislature granted a rail charter to the Fairfield County Railroad , but construction was delayed because of lack of investment. In 1850, the organization's plans were scaled back, and renamed

3477-597: Was made in 1693, and a formal town patent was granted in 1702. During the Revolutionary War , Danbury was an important military supply depot for the Continental Army . Sybil Ludington , 16-year-old daughter of American Colonel Henry Ludington , is said to have made a 40-mile ride in the early hours of the night on April 26, 1777, to warn the people of Danbury and her father's forces in Putnam County, New York , of

3538-719: Was named in his honor. In 1802, President Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter to the Danbury Baptist Association , a group expressing fear of persecution by the Congregationalists of that town, in which he used the expression " Separation of Church and State ". It is the first known instance of the expression in American legal or political writing. The letter is on display at the Unitarian-Universalist Congregation of Danbury. The first Danbury Fair

3599-545: Was once the center of the American hat industry , during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The mineral danburite is named after Danbury, while the city itself is named for Danbury in Essex , England. Danbury is home to Danbury Hospital , Western Connecticut State University , Danbury Fair Mall , and Danbury Municipal Airport . Danbury was settled by colonists in 1685, when eight families moved from what are now Norwalk and Stamford, Connecticut . The Danbury area

3660-443: Was one of many sites used for the incarceration of conscientious objectors . One in six inmates in the United States' federal prisons was a conscientious objector, and prisons like Danbury found themselves suddenly filled with large numbers of highly educated men skilled in social activism. Due to the activism of inmates within the prison, and local laborers protesting in solidarity with the conscientious objectors, Danbury became one of

3721-568: Was then called Pahquioque by its namesake, the Algonquian-speaking Pahquioque Native Americans (they are believed to have been a band of the Paugusset people), who occupied lands along the Still River . Bands were often identified by such geographic designation but they were associated with the larger nation by culture and language). One of the original settlers in Danbury was Samuel Benedict, who bought land from

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