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52-617: The regular Harpoon uses active radar homing and flies just above the water to evade defenses. The missile can be launched from: In 1965, the United States Navy began studies for a missile in the 24-nautical-mile (45 km) range class for use against surfaced submarines . The name Harpoon was assigned to the project. The sinking of the Israeli destroyer Eilat in 1967 by a Soviet-built Styx anti-ship missile shocked senior United States Navy officers, who until then had not appreciated

104-545: A controllable pitch propeller , creating 41,000 shaft horsepower (31,000  kW ). They also have two drop-down auxiliary propulsion units that create 720 hp (540 kW). This gives them a maximum speed of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph). They carry 587 long tons (596 t) of fuel giving them a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). The ships have four 1,000 kW diesel alternator sets for generating electricity. For additional stability in heavy seas,

156-616: A $ 3.1 billion deal. India will also receive Harpoon missiles under FMS in a $ 155 million deal. In late May 2022, Denmark sent Harpoon launchers and missiles to Ukraine to help their war effort , and shortly after, the Netherlands sent additional missiles. In mid-June 2022, the US announced that they would supply Ukraine with Harpoon launchers and missiles, and the UK Defence Secretary said that they also were looking into supplying Ukraine with

208-466: A light displacement of 3,100 long tons (3,100  t ) and a full load displacement of 4,200 long tons (4,300 t). They initially measured 455 feet 5 inches (138.81 m) long overall and 413 ft 1 in (125.91 m) at the waterline with a beam of 45 ft (14 m) and a maximum draft of 18 ft 8 in (5.69 m). They are powered by two General Motors LM-2500 gas turbines turning one shaft connected to

260-440: A new lighter 300 lb (140 kg) warhead and a more fuel-efficient engine with electronic fuel controls. Boeing offered the missile as the U.S. Navy's Littoral Combat Ship frigate upgrade over-the-horizon anti-ship missile as a cost-effective missile upgrade option; complete Next Gen Harpoons would cost approximately as much as a Block II at $ 1.2 million each, with upgrades for an existing missile costing half that. The version

312-469: Is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing , which uses only a receiver ) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously. The NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch is Fox Three . There are two major advantages to active radar homing: Many missiles employing passive homing have an additional capability: if

364-731: Is also called the Harpoon Block II+ ER. Boeing claims the Block II+ ER is superior to the Naval Strike Missile through its improved turbojet giving it greater range and active radar-homing seeker for all-weather operation, as well as a lighter but "more lethal" warhead. Test shots in 2017 had been confirmed. In May 2017, Boeing revealed it was no longer offering the upgraded Harpoon for the frigate OTH missile requirement, but would continue development of it. In 1981 and 1982, there were two accidental launches of Harpoon missiles: one by

416-422: Is close enough to be detected and tracked by the missile. The missile therefore requires guidance updates via a datalink from the launching platform up until this point, in case the target is maneuvering, otherwise the missile may get to the projected interception point and find that the target is not there. Sometimes the launching platform (especially if it is an aircraft) may be in danger while continuing to guide

468-451: Is looking at adding the capability of carrying a stand-off missile, probably Harpoon or AGM-65 Maverick, on its six P-3 Orion patrol planes once they have all been upgraded to P3K2 standard. The Republic of Singapore Air Force also operates five modified Fokker 50 Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) which are fitted with the sensors needed to fire the Harpoon missile. The Pakistani Navy carries

520-535: Is not planned to be reintroduced until the Block IV Tomahawk is modified with a moving target maritime attack feature in 2021. During RIMPAC 2018 a UGM-84 Harpoon was fired by USS Olympia at the ex-USS Racine . The U.S. Navy plans to refurbish and recertify UGM-84 Harpoon missiles to reintroduce the capability to Los Angeles -class submarines . A $ 10 million contract was awarded to Boeing in January 2021 to deliver

572-537: The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) notified U.S. Congress of a possible sale of 21 additional AGM-84L Harpoon Block II Missiles and associated equipment, parts and logistical support for a complete package worth approximately $ 200 million; the Indian government intends to use these missiles on its Indian Navy P-8I Neptune maritime patrol aircraft. The Indian Navy is also planning to upgrade

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624-724: The P-3 Orion , the P-8 Poseidon , the AV-8B Harrier II , the F/A-18 Hornet and the U.S. Air Force B-52H bombers . The Harpoon was purchased by many nations, including India, Japan, Singapore , South Korea, Taiwan , the United Arab Emirates and most NATO countries. The Royal Australian Air Force can fire AGM-84-series missiles from its F/A-18F Super Hornets . AP-3C Orion , and P-8 Poseidon aircraft, and previously from

676-675: The Republic of China Navy (ROCN). They are based upon the U.S. Oliver Hazard Perry class and built by China Shipbuilding Corporation in Kaohsiung , Taiwan under license throughout the 1990s as part of the Kuang Hua I project. These frigates served as the mainstay of the ROCN's area air defense capability prior to the acquisition of the Keelung ( Kidd )-class destroyers in 2005. They are designated with

728-513: The Republic of China Navy (Taiwan) decided to switch to the Hsiung Feng II and Hsiung Feng III . The Block 1 missiles were designated A/R/UGM-84A in US service and UGM-84B in the UK. Block 1B standard missiles were designated A/R/UGM-84C, Block 1C missiles were designated A/R/UGM-84D. Block 1 used a terminal attack mode that included a pop-up to approximately 5,900 feet (1,800 m) before diving on

780-481: The United States Navy for a cost of US$ 240 million. They were to be retrofitted and delivered in 2015. The Naval Vessel Transfer Act of 2013 was signed by President Barack Obama in 2014, allowing up to four of the frigates to be sold to Taiwan. Two ships were eventually selected and were reactivated by VSE Corporation and transferred to Taiwan on March 9, 2017. These ships would replace aging Chiyang -class (ex- Knox -class ) vessels. Both ships were commissioned into

832-528: The hull classification PFG (Patrol Frigate, Guided missile) rather than FFG (Frigate, Guided missile) used by the Oliver Hazard Perry class. The Kwang Hua I project came out of renewed relations between the Republic of China and the United States following the election of President Ronald Reagan . Reagan's government took a harder stance with mainland China and began joint defense projects with

884-708: The 40 mm guns cannot be crewed while the 76 mm gun is firing due to blast effects. The Cheng Kung class mounts a 20 mm (0.79 in)/76 Phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS) atop the hangar . Flanking the CIWS atop the hangar are two Type 75 20 mm/75 guns. For ASW, the frigates are armed with two triple-mounted 324 mm (12.8 in) Mk 32 torpedo tubes for Mark 46 torpedoes . The ships mount SPS-55 surface search radar , SPS-49(V)5 air search, Mark 92 fire control radar, STIR 24 missile fire control radar and Mark 90 Phalanx fire control radar. They are also equipped with DE 1160B hull-mounted sonar and are capable of using

936-568: The AGM-84K (2002 onwards). Block 1J was a proposal for a further upgrade, A/R/UGM-84J Harpoon (or Harpoon 2000), for use against both ship and land targets. In production at Boeing facilities in Saint Charles, Missouri , is the Harpoon Block II, intended to offer an expanded engagement envelope, enhanced resistance to electronic countermeasures and improved targeting. Specifically, the Harpoon

988-824: The ATAS towed passive sonar or the SQR-18A towed sonar. For electronic countermeasures , they mount the Chang Feng IV suite, which consists of the SLQ-32(V)5 radar warning system and the Sidekick radar jammer, and the SLQ-25 Nixie torpedo decoy system. The ships are equipped with the Prairie-Masker acoustic signature reduction system. The ships came designed with a hangar and aft helicopter deck capable of operating two helicopters. However,

1040-613: The Harpoon missile on its frigates and P-3C Orions. The Turkish Navy carries Harpoons on surface warships and Type 209 submarines . The Turkish Air Force will be armed with the SLAM-ER. Turkey is planning to replace the Harpoons with Turkish made Atmaca missiles. At least 339 Harpoon missiles were sold to the Republic of China Air Force (Taiwan) for its F-16 A/B Block 20 fleet and the Republic of China Navy , which operates four guided-missile destroyers and eight guided-missile frigates with

1092-600: The ROCN had difficulty acquiring helicopters capable of operating from the class until they obtained the S-70C Thunderhawk helicopters from the United States. Though capable of operating two, only one is kept housed aboard the frigates. The ships use the Recovery Assist, Secure and Traverse (RAST) haul-down system for their helicopters. The displacement of the Cheng Kung -clas frigates has varied over time. In 2009, it

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1144-639: The SLAM Expanded Response (SLAM-ER), an upgrade to the SLAM. The US Navy awarded a $ 120 million contract to Boeing in July 2011 for the production of about 60 Block II Harpoon missiles, including missiles for 6 foreign militaries. India acquired 24 Harpoon Block II missiles to arm its maritime strike Jaguar fighters in a deal worth $ 170 million through the Foreign Military Sales system. In December 2010,

1196-474: The SLAM a re-attack capability, as well as an image comparison capability similar to the Tomahawk cruise missile ; that is, the weapon can compare the target scene in front of it with an image stored in its onboard computer during terminal phase target acquisition and lock on (this is known as DSMAC ). Block 1G missiles A/R/UGM-84G; the original SLAM-ER missiles were designated AGM-84H (2000-2002) and later ones

1248-515: The Taiwanese military. Among them was the Kwang Hua I project which was part of a series of new surface warships being transferred from the United States or developed with their aid. Previously, the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) focused their naval efforts on anti-submarine warfare (ASW) due to mainland China's large submarine force. However, later developments of mainland China's surface fleet led to

1300-544: The U.S. State Department approved the sale of Harpoon Block II to the Mexican Navy for use on their future Sigma-class design frigates, the first of which is being built by Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding . On 18 November 2015, the U.S. Navy tested the AGM-84N Harpoon Block II+ missile against a moving ship target. The Block II+ incorporates an improved GPS guidance kit and a net-enabled data-link that allows

1352-665: The US stopped supporting the SM-1 and their associated launch system support was taken up by NCSIST which also implemented an upgrade program for the missiles. Upgrades to the SM-1 include a better rocket motor and an active seeker. The class's Mk 75 main guns have been upgraded and have an improved firing rate of 100 rounds a minute. The Cheng Kung -class frigates were ordered from the China Shipbuilding Corporation of Kaoshuing , Taiwan, on 8 May 1989. They are named after historical Chinese commanders. The first two ships of

1404-563: The United States Navy which caused no damage and the other by the Danish Navy , which destroyed and damaged buildings in the recreational housing area Lumsås . The Danish missile was later known as the hovsa-missile ( hovsa being the Danish term for oops ). In November 1980, during Operation Morvarid , Iranian missile boats attacked and sank two Iraqi Osa-class missile boats ; one of

1456-559: The accusations. Robert Hewson, editor of Jane's Air Launched Weapons , pointed out that the Harpoon is not suitable for the land-attack role due to deficiency in range. He also stated that Pakistan was already armed with more sophisticated missiles of Pakistani or Chinese design and, therefore, "beyond the need to reverse-engineer old US kit." Hewson offered that the missile tested by Pakistan was part of an undertaking to develop conventionally armed missiles, capable of being air- or surface-launched, to counter its rival India's missile arsenal. It

1508-495: The arming of ROCN warships with surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs). The Cheng Kung class are based on the long-hulled version of the Oliver Hazard Perry -class frigates of the United States Navy but with modifications. The class was intended to be built in two batches, with Batch I built to the standard design, and Batch II constructed to an improved design, incorporating new technologies. The standard initially had

1560-557: The capability of carrying the Harpoon, including the eight former U.S. Navy Knox -class frigates and the four former USN Kidd -class destroyers which have been sold to Taiwan. The two Zwaardvis / Hai Lung submarines and 12 P-3C Orion aircraft can also use the missile. The eight Cheng Kung -class frigates , despite being based on the US Oliver Hazard Perry class , have Harpoon capabilities deleted from their combat systems, and funding to restore it has so far been denied,

1612-454: The class were constructed from pre-fabricated sets supplied by Bath Iron Works , which also worked in conjunction with China Shipbuilding Corporation on the remaining frigates. Initially, only the first four hulls were intended to be part of the Batch I standard design. However, delays in the development of new surface-to-air missiles and electronics issues led to additional three hulls being built to

Harpoon (missile) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-408: The danger, but Jagvivek left port before receiving the communication and subsequently strayed into the test range area, and the Harpoon missile, loaded just with an inert dummy warhead, locked onto it instead of its intended target. The UGM-84A undersea-launched Harpoon version was retired from U.S. Navy service in 1997, leaving the U.S. submarine force without an anti-ship missile, a capability that

1716-622: The fleet of four submarines – Shishumar class – with tube-launched Harpoon missiles. Defense Security Cooperation Agency in April 2020 approved the sale of 10 AGM-84L Harpoon missiles along with containers, spare and repair parts, support and test equipment for the P-8I fleet to the Indian Navy at a value of $ 93 million. The sale of Mark 54 lightweight torpedo was approved simultaneously. Harpoon Block II missiles are designated A/R/UGM-84L. In early 2018,

1768-761: The missile in this way until it 'goes active'; In this case it may turn around and leave it to luck that the target ends up in the projected "acquisition basket" when the missile goes active. It is possible for a system other than the launching platform to provide guidance to the missile before it switches its radar on; This may be other, similar fighter aircraft or perhaps an AWACS . Most anti-ship missiles use active radar homing for terminal guidance. Many ARH missiles with targets on land or sea use millimeter wave guidance . Examples of missiles known to use active radar homing (all in their terminal phase) include: Cheng Kung-class frigate The Cheng Kung -class frigates are eight guided-missile frigates in service in

1820-635: The missile to receive in-flight targeting updates. Introduction of the Block II+ was achieved in 2017 on the F/A-18E/F followed by the P-8A in 2019. Harpoon Block III was intended to be an upgrade package to the existing USN Block 1C missiles and Command Launch Systems (CLS) for guided missile cruisers, guided missile destroyers , and the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet fighter aircraft. After experiencing an increase in

1872-575: The missiles by the end of the year. In June 2009, it was reported by an American newspaper, citing unnamed officials from the Obama administration and the U.S. Congress , that the American government had accused Pakistan of illegally modifying some older Harpoon missiles to strike land targets. Pakistani officials denied this and they claimed that the US was referring to a new Pakistani-designed missile. Some international experts were also reported to be skeptical of

1924-614: The missiles. On 17 June, Ukraine claimed to have sunk the tugboat Spasatel Vasily Bekh with two Harpoon missiles. In a tweet they said "Spasatel Vasily Bekh, a tug of the Russian Black Sea Fleet , successfully demilitarized by the @UA_NAVY. The ship was transporting personnel, weapons and ammunition to the occupied Snake Island." Ukraine's Naval Command also claimed the Russian tugboat had a Tor missile system on board. Active radar homing Active radar homing ( ARH )

1976-670: The now retired F-111C/Gs and F/A-18A/B Hornets . The Royal Australian Navy deploys the Harpoon on major surface combatants and in the Collins -class submarines . The Spanish Air Force and the Chilean Navy are also AGM-84D customers, and they deploy the missiles on surface ships, and F/A-18s, F-16 Falcons , and P-3 Orion aircraft . The British Royal Navy formerly deployed the Harpoon on several types of surface ships. The Royal Canadian Navy carries Harpoon Block II missiles on its Halifax -class frigates . The Royal New Zealand Air Force

2028-694: The scope of required government ship integration, test and evaluation, and a delay in development of a data-link, the Harpoon Block III program was canceled by the U.S. Navy in April 2009. In April 2015, Boeing unveiled a modified version of the RGM-84 it called the Harpoon Next Generation. It increases the ship-launched Harpoon missile's range from the Block II's 70 nmi (81 mi; 130 km) to 167.5 nmi (192.8 mi; 310.2 km), along with

2080-518: The ships have fin stabilizers . The frigates have a crew of 206 including 13 officers and an air group of 19. The frigates were initially armed with eight Hsiung Feng II SSMs placed in two box launchers located atop the superstructure aft of the bridge . They also mounted a Mark 13 launcher for RIM-66 Standard MR surface-to-air missiles . They have an OTO Melara 76-millimetre (3 in)/62 dual-purpose naval gun situated forward and two single-mounted Bofors 40 mm (1.6 in)/L70 guns.

2132-611: The standard design. Eventually, the second batch was canceled in October 1994. An eighth hull was ordered in January 1999. The eighth ship was intended to be the first of the Batch II hulls, but it too was built to the standard design. Funding for the eighth ship only became in December 2000. On November 5, 2012, Taiwan announced the U.S. government would sell them two additional Oliver Hazard Perry -class frigates that are about to be retired from

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2184-424: The target does attempt to use noise jamming , the missile can home in on the target's radiation passively ( home-on-jam ). This gives such missiles improved performance against noise jamming targets and allows anti-aircraft munitions to attack targets they would not otherwise be able to fire on effectively. . Active radar homing is rarely employed as the only guidance method of a missile. It is most often used during

2236-530: The target may have been a false one and that no ships were hit by those missiles. In 1988, Harpoon missiles were used by the U.S. to sink the Iranian frigate Sahand during Operation Praying Mantis . Another was fired at the Iranian Kaman -class missile boat Joshan , but failed to strike because the fast attack craft had already been mostly sunk by RIM-66 Standard missiles. An Iranian-owned Harpoon missile

2288-668: The target; Block 1B omitted the terminal pop-up; and Block 1C provided a selectable terminal attack mode. This version featured a larger fuel tank and re-attack capability, but was not produced in large numbers because its intended mission (warfare with the Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe) was considered to be unlikely following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union . The range is 173 miles (278 km). Block 1D missiles were designated A/RGM-84F. This version, under development, gives

2340-404: The terminal phase of the engagement, mainly because since the radar transceiver has to be small enough to fit inside a missile and has to be powered from batteries, therefore having a relatively low ERP , its range is limited. To overcome this, most such missiles use a combination of command guidance with an inertial navigation system (INS) in order to fly from the launch point until the target

2392-505: The threat posed by anti-ship missiles. In 1970 Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt accelerated the development of Harpoon as part of his "Project Sixty" initiative, hoping to add much-needed striking power to U.S. surface warships such as the Ticonderoga -class cruiser . The first Harpoon was delivered in 1977; in 2004, Boeing delivered the 7,000th. The Harpoon has also been adapted for carriage on several aircraft, including

2444-485: The weapons used was the Harpoon missile. In 1986, the United States Navy sank at least two Libyan patrol boats in the Gulf of Sidra . Two Harpoon missiles were launched from the cruiser USS  Yorktown with no confirmed results and several others from A-6 Intruder aircraft that were said to have hit their targets. Initial reports claimed that USS Yorktown scored hits on a patrol boat, but action reports indicated that

2496-547: Was also fired at the guided missile cruiser USS  Wainwright . The missile was successfully lured away by chaff . In December 1988, a Harpoon launched by an F/A-18 Hornet fighter from the aircraft carrier USS  Constellation killed one sailor when it struck the merchant ship Jagvivek , a 250 ft (76 m) long Indian-owned ship, during an exercise at the Pacific Missile Range near Kauai , Hawaii . A Notice to Mariners had been issued warning of

2548-547: Was initially designed as an open-ocean weapon. The Block II missiles continue progress begun with Block IE, and the Block II missile provides the Harpoon with a littoral -water anti-ship capability. The key improvements of the Harpoon Block II are obtained by incorporating the inertial measurement unit from the Joint Direct Attack Munition program, and the software, computer, Global Positioning System (GPS)/inertial navigation system and GPS antenna/receiver from

2600-568: Was initially fitted with eight Hsiung Feng II SSMs, instead of the Harpoon missiles that the Oliver Hazard Perry class used. Ships of the class began refitting with four Hsiung Feng III (HF III) missiles, replacing four of the Hsiung Feng II missiles after the new HF III missiles entered production. In addition, the ROCN ordered Harpoon missiles for use by the Cheng Kung s in September 2000. After

2652-543: Was later stated that Pakistan and the US administration had reached some sort of agreement allowing US officials to inspect Pakistan's inventory of Harpoon missiles, and the issue had been resolved. The Harpoon missile has also emerged as a preferred choice for several foreign countries under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route. In 2020 its manufacturer Boeing won two major contracts for supplying Harpoon missiles to Saudi Arabia and six other partner nations under

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2704-419: Was reported that the vessels had a light displacement of 2,750 long tons (2,790 t) and a full load displacement of 4,105 long tons (4,171 t). Furthermore, their draft increased to a maximum of 24 ft 5 in (7.44 m). This increased again by 2013, with the ships displacing 3,207 long tons (3,258 t) light with a maximum draft of 28 ft 3 in (8.60 m). The Cheng Kung class

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