Misplaced Pages

#258741

60-530: AFAS Stadion is a stadium in Alkmaar , Netherlands . It is used for football matches and is the home stadium of AZ Alkmaar . AZ's women's team also plays select matches in the stadium. The stadium is able to hold 19,478 people and bears the name of a Dutch software company. Due to UEFA's sponsorship regulations, the stadium is named AZ Stadion in European matches. The stadium officially opened on 4 August 2006 with

120-432: A friendly against Arsenal . AZ lost 3–0, with Gilberto Silva scoring the stadium's first ever goal. AZ won the first Eredivisie game in its new home, 8–1 over NAC Breda , with German midfielder Simon Cziommer scoring a hat-trick. AFAS Stadion replaced the club's former ground, Alkmaarder Hout . The main stand is called Victorie Tribune, the stand with the fanatic supporters is called Van der Ben Tribune (Ben-Side),

180-555: A cadet branch of the ruling house of the county of Burgundy, the Anscarids or House of Ivrea . They married the heiress of Baux-Orange. Rene inherited the principality of Orange from his uncle Philbert on the condition that he bear the name and arms of the house of Chalon-Orange. Therefore, he is usually counted as one of the Chalon-Orange and history knows him as Rene of Chalon, rather than "of Nassau". William of Nassau inherited

240-675: A claim on the principality through the claims of the Orléans-Longueville via Alix of Chalon (see above). After his death in 1727 the principality was deemed merged in the Crown by 1731. After the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 ceded Orange to France, the following claimants came forward in official protests against the terms of the treaty: However, as the treaty considered Orange to now be conquered by and annexed to France, their protests were ignored. Because William III died without legitimate children,

300-407: A claim, albeit distant, to the principality itself due to John William Friso's descent from Louise de Coligny , who was a descendant of the original Princes of Orange. (Louise's great grandmother, Anne Pot, Countess of Saint-Pol, was a descendant of Tiburge d'Orange , who married into the des Baux family) They could also claim descent from the del Balzo, an Italian branch of the des Baux family, via

360-527: A nightlife scene as well which takes place in the pubs in front of the cheesemarket. Every year, at the end of May Alkmaar hosts the four-day event Alkmaar Pride, which has a canal pride parade on Saturday. Alkmaar is home to the professional football team AZ (Alkmaar Zaanstreek). In 2006, the club moved to a new 17,000 capacity stadium, the DSB Stadion, now named the AFAS Stadion . In 2008–2009 , AZ won

420-480: Is styled His/Her Royal Highness the Prince(ss) of Orange (Dutch: Zijne/Hare Koninklijke Hoogheid de Prins(es) van Oranje ). During the 15th, 16th and 17th Centuries, the Prince(ss) of Orange was styled His/Her Highness the Prince(ss) of Orange (Dutch: Zijne/Hare Hoogheid de Prins(es) van Oranje ), except for William III, who rated the "Royal/Koninklijke". The princes of Orange in the 16th and 17th century used

480-489: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alkmaar Alkmaar ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands , located in the province of North Holland . Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023. The earliest mention of

540-585: Is commemorated annually by the Protestant Orange Order . William's mother, Mary , was the daughter of King Charles I of England and therefore a princess of England as well as Princess of Orange by marriage. William III and Mary II had no legitimate children. After William's death in 1702, his heir in the Netherlands was John William Friso of Nassau-Diez , who assumed the title, King William having bequeathed it to him by testament. The other contender

600-456: Is possible to buy all kinds of cheese (and non-cheese) related products. The Waag is also home to the local tourist office and a cheese museum. Alkmaar has 399 registered rijksmonuments , of which most are situated along the city's old canals. Alkmaar has two large theatres and a big cinema (which was originally two cinemas). A red light district is situated at the Achterdam , and Alkmaar has

660-644: Is still celebrated every year in Alkmaar on 8 October, the day the siege ended. In 1799, during the French Revolutionary Wars , an Anglo-Russian expeditionary force captured the city but was ultimately defeated in the Battle of Castricum . After that battle, on 18 October 1799, the two opposing sides held the Convention of Alkmaar which met to determine the fate of the defeated Anglo-Russian force. The French victory

SECTION 10

#1732855207259

720-442: Is thus since a part of Alkmaar. These once separate villages are now all linked together by the suburban sprawl of buildings that arose between the late 1970s and early 1990s. During this time, the population of Alkmaar almost doubled. The municipal council of Alkmaar consists of 39 seats, which are divided as follows after the 2022 elections: The A9 motorway runs from Amsterdam to Alkmaar, then continues on to Den Helder as

780-621: The 2019 European Road Championships . Alkmaar is twinned with: Prince of Orange The title "Prince of Orange" was created in 1163 by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa , by elevating the county of Orange to a principality , in order to bolster his support in that area in his conflict with the Papacy . The title and land passed to the French noble houses of Baux , in 1173, and of Chalons , in 1393, before arriving with René of Nassau in 1530. The principality then passed to René's cousin,

840-666: The Dutch Republic Lion with the billets of the Nassau arms and added a royal crown to form the Coat of arms of the Netherlands . In the 19th century, the Dutch Crown prince, who holds the title "Prince of Orange" ("Prins van Oranje"), and his son, who holds the title "Hereditary Prince of Orange" ("Erfprins van Oranje") had their own pre-defined arms. The House of Orange, now the Royal House of

900-562: The Eredivisie , the Dutch football league. It was the second league title for the club after the Eredivisie in 1980/81 with only one league defeat. Notable coaches include former FC Barcelona coach Ronald Koeman , and Netherlands national football team coach Louis van Gaal . The city also has a velodrome where the Dutch national track cycling championships are held every year. The city hosted

960-544: The Geuzen captured the town, five Franciscans from Alkmaar were taken to Enkhuizen and hanged, becoming the martyrs of Alkmaar . In 1573 the city underwent a siege by Spanish forces under the leadership of Don Fadrique , son of the Duke of Alva . The citizens sent urgent messages for help to the Prince of Orange ; he responded by promising to open the floodgates of the dykes and flood

1020-778: The Rhône valley of southern France , which was a property of the House of Orange , then of the House of Baux and the House of Chalon-Arlay before passing in 1544 to the Dillenburg branch of the House of Nassau , which since then is known as the House of Orange-Nassau . The Principality originated as the County of Orange , a fief in the Holy Roman Empire , in the Empire's constituent Kingdom of Burgundy . It

1080-581: The Treaty of Utrecht Frederick William I of Prussia ceded the Principality of Orange to King Louis XIV of France (while retaining the title as part of his dynastic titulature). In 1732, under the Treaty of Partition, Friso's son, William IV agreed to share use of the title "Prince of Orange" (which had accumulated prestige in the Netherlands and throughout the Protestant world) with Frederick William. With

1140-456: The dynastical title . Rival claims to the title have been made by German emperors and kings of the House of Hohenzollern and by the head of the French noble family of Mailly. The current users of the title are Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands (Orange-Nassau), Georg Friedrich (of Hohenzollern), and Guy (of Mailly-Nesle). The title referred to Orange in the Vaucluse department in

1200-655: The 12th century represented a pun on William of Gellone 's name in French, from the character his deeds inspired in the chanson de geste , the Chanson de Guillaume : "Guillaume au Court-nez" (William the Short-Nosed) or its homophone "Guillaume au Cornet" (William the Horn). The chanson appears to incorporate material relating to William of Gellone's battle at the Orbieu or Orbiel river near Carcassonne in 793 as well as to his seizure of

1260-513: The 19th century emergence of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , the title has been traditionally borne by the heir apparent of the Dutch monarch . Although originally only borne by men, since 1983 the title descends via absolute primogeniture , which means that the holder can be either Prince or Princess of Orange. The current Dutch royal dynasty, the House of Orange-Nassau , is not the only family to claim

SECTION 20

#1732855207259

1320-742: The 1st house. William the Silent (Willem I) was the first stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the most significant representative of the House of Orange in the Netherlands. He was count of a portion of the German territory of Nassau and heir to some of his father's fiefs in Holland. William obtained more extensive lands in the Netherlands (the lordship of Breda and several other dependencies) as an inheritance from his cousin René of Châlon , Prince of Orange, when William

1380-536: The German-born nobleman from then Spanish Netherlands , William (known as "the Silent"), in 1544. Subsequently, William led a successful Dutch revolt against Spain, however with independence the new country became a decentralized republic rather than a unitary monarchy. In 1702, after William the Silent's great-grandson William III of England died without children, a dispute arose between his cousins, Johan Willem Friso and Frederick I of Prussia . In 1713, under

1440-551: The King of Prussia to erect part of the duchy of Gelderland (the cities of Geldern, Straelen, and Wachtendonk with their bailiwicks, Krickenbeck, Viersen, the land of Kessel, and the lordships of Afferden, Arcen-Velden-Lomm, Walbeck-Twisteden, Raay and Klein-Kevelaer, Well, Bergen, and Middelaar) into a new Principality of Orange . The kings of Prussia and the German emperors styled themselves Princes of Orange till 1918. An agnatic relative of William III, John William Friso of Nassau , who

1500-462: The N9. There are direct trains to Den Helder , Hoorn , Zaandam , Amsterdam , Utrecht , Ede , Arnhem , Nijmegen , 's-Hertogenbosch , Eindhoven , Maastricht and Haarlem . For exact details see Alkmaar railway station . Alkmaar has two railway stations: The waterway Noordhollandsch Kanaal , which opened in 1824, runs through Alkmaar. As of 2017 . it can be crossed (among other ways) using two of

1560-448: The Netherlands in 1795, but on their return, the Prince of Orange became the first sovereign of the Netherlands in 1813. After the establishment of the current Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, the title was partly reconstitutionalized by legislation and granted to the eldest son of King William I of the Netherlands, Prince William, who later became William II of the Netherlands. Since 1983,

1620-401: The Netherlands, and their descendants the House of Orange-Nassau, kept this title for their family. Wilhelmina further decreed that in perpetuity her descendants should be styled "princes and princesses of Orange-Nassau" and that the name of the house would be "Orange-Nassau" (in Dutch "Oranje-Nassau"). Since then, individual members of the House of Orange-Nassau are also given their own arms by

1680-654: The Silent wrote in his marriage proposal to the uncle of his second wife, the Elector August of Saxony , he held Orange as "my own free property", not as a fief of any suzerain ; neither the Pope, nor the Kings of Spain or France. That historical position of honor and reputation would later drive William the Silent forward, as much as it also fueled the opposition of his great grandson William III to Louis XIV , when that king invaded and occupied Orange. The last direct descendant of

1740-527: The basis that Orange was an independent state whose sovereign had the right to assign his succession according to his will. France never recognized any of this, nor allowed the Orange-Nassaus or the Hohenzollerns to obtain anything of the principality itself. The Oranje-Nassaus nevertheless assumed the title and also erected several of their lordships into a new principality of Orange. From that derivation of

1800-448: The claimants of Orange until their extinction in male line in 1694 (see Famille d'Orléans-Longueville ). When William the Silent of Nassau succeeded as prince of Orange, the Orléans-Longueville protested and obtained court decisions in their favor in France. However, as Orange was a sovereign state and not part of France, the courts' decisions were not enforceable and left the principality in

1860-554: The first Friday in April through the first Friday in September. Every Friday morning (10:00–12:30) the Waagplein is the backdrop for this traditional cheese market. After the old-fashioned way of the hand clap, traders and carriers will weigh the cheeses. It is one of only four traditional Dutch cheese markets still in existence. The traditional fare of this cheese market is those cheeses made in

AFAS Stadion - Misplaced Pages Continue

1920-508: The five operating vlotbruggen , Koedijkervlotbrug and Rekervlotbrug. Alkmaar has many medieval buildings that are still intact, most notably the tall tower of the Grote or Sint-Laurenskerk , where many people from Alkmaar hold wedding ceremonies. The other main attraction, especially in the summer months, is Alkmaar's cheese market at the Waagplein, one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. The cheese market traditionally takes place from

1980-529: The following sets of arms. On becoming Prince of Orange, William placed the Châlon-Arlay arms in the center ("as an inescutcheon") of his father's arms. He used these arms until 1582 when he purchased the marquisate of Veere and Vlissingen. He then used the arms attributed to Frederick Henry, etc. with the arms of the marquisate in the top center, and the arms of the county of Buren in the bottom center. Their growing complexity shows how arms are used to reflect

2040-529: The growing political position and royal aspirations of the house of Orange-Nassau . When William VI of Orange returned to the Netherlands in 1813 and was proclaimed Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands, he quartered the former Arms of the Dutch Republic (1st and 4th quarter) with the "Châlon-Orange" arms (2nd and 3rd quarter), which had come to symbolize Orange. As an in escutcheon he placed his ancestral arms of Nassau. When he became King in 1815, he combined

2100-495: The hands of the Nassau-Orange family. In 1673, Louis XIV of France annexed all territory of the principality to France and to the royal domain, as part of the war actions against the stadtholder William III of Orange — who later became King William III of Great Britain . Orange ceased to exist as a sovereign realm, de facto . Louis then bestowed the titular princedom on Louis Charles de Mailly , marquis de Nesle, whose wife

2160-452: The heir to the Dutch throne, whether male or female, bears the title Prince or Princess of Orange. The first-born child of the heir to the Dutch throne bears the title Hereditary Prince(ss) of Orange. When her father Willem-Alexander became King of the Netherlands following the abdication of Queen Beatrix , Princess Catharina-Amalia became the Princess of Orange. The Prince(ss) of Orange

2220-453: The local area, as opposed to the well-known brands of Dutch cheeses, including the Edam and Gouda cheeses . It is not actually possible to buy cheese at the market itself, which is really only a demonstration of how this merchants' market operated in times gone by. However, the demonstration, which takes place in front of the medieval weighing house, is surrounded by many specialized stalls where it

2280-430: The marriage of Princess Anne to William IV, Prince of Orange . Anne was the eldest daughter of George II of Great Britain , who was a descendant of Elizabeth Woodville , wife of Edward IV of England . Elizabeth Woodville's grandmother was Margherita del Balzo , another descendant of Tiburge d'Orange. They also claimed on the basis of the testaments of Philip William, Maurice, and William III. Finally, they claimed on

2340-434: The name Alkmaar is in a 10th-century document. As the village grew into a town, it was granted city rights in 1254. The oldest part of Alkmaar lies on an ancient sand bank a couple of meters (yards) above the surrounding region; it afforded some protection from inundation during medieval times. Its vicinage consists of some of the oldest polders in existence. Older spellings include Alckmar . On June 24, 1572, after

2400-454: The original princes, René of Chalon , exercised his sovereign right and left the principality to his cousin William the Silent , who was not a descendant of the original Orange family but the heir to the principality of Orange by testament. This was, however, against the inheritance pattern enacted by the last will of Mary of Baux-Orange , the Princess of Orange from the House of Baux who brought

2460-612: The principality into the Chalons family and through to whom Prince René derived his own inheritance right (see Genealogy of the House of Orange-Chalon ). In this way, Rene transmitted his property to his nearest relative, rather than go back several generations to transmit it to now distant cousins. Those now distant cousins were the descendants of Alix de Chalon. Marie des Baux-Orange had stipulated in her will that if her son Louis did not inherit Orange, her daughter Alix and her descendants should. Guillaume de Vienne, seigneur de Saint-Georges,

AFAS Stadion - Misplaced Pages Continue

2520-566: The principality of Orange from his cousin René. Although William descended from no previous Prince of Orange, as René had no children or siblings, he exercised his right as sovereign prince to will Orange to his first cousin on his father's side, who actually had no Orange blood. This began the Dutch Royal House of Orange-Nassau . The 2nd house of Orange-Nassau (see House of Orange-Nassau family tree ) were cousins on their father and mother's side of

2580-434: The principality was regarded as having been inherited by his closest cognate relative on the basis of the testament of Frederic-Henry, Frederick I of Prussia , who ceded the principality — at least the lands, but not the formal title — to France in 1713. France supported his claim. In this way, the territory of the principality lost its feudal and secular privileges and became a part of France. The Treaty of Utrecht allowed

2640-535: The region if the need arose, which despite the protestations of the peasantry, fearful for their harvest, he proceeded to do. Some of his dispatches fell into the hands of Don Fadrique, and, with the waters beginning to rise, the Spaniards raised the siege and fled. It was a turning point in the Eighty Years War and gave rise to the expression Bij Alkmaar begint de victorie ("Victory begins at Alkmaar"). The event

2700-574: The reigning monarch, similar to the United Kingdom. This is usually the royal arms, quartered with the arms of the principality of Orange, and an in escutcheon of their paternal arms. As a former territory of the Holy Roman Empire, the princes of Orange used an independent prince's crown. Sometimes, only the coronet part was used ( see , here and here ). After the establishment of the Kingdom of

2760-528: The roof of the stadium partially collapsed. No people were injured during the incident. As a result, AZ spent the rest of the year playing home matches at the Cars Jeans Stadion in The Hague . During the 2020-2021 season, the stadium was renovated. A new roof has been put into place with a greater surface and the capacity was increased to hold around 19,500 fans. This article about a Dutch sports venue

2820-473: The southern portions of Koedijk and Sint Pancras were added to the municipality of Alkmaar. The municipality of Alkmaar historically consists of the following cities, towns, villages and districts: Alkmaar, Bergermeer, Daalmeer, De Hoef, De Horn, De Nollen, Het Rak, Huiswaard, Koedijk (southeastern part), Overdie, Oudorp and Omval. On 1 January 2015 the municipalities of Graft-De Rijp and Schermer were merged into Alkmaar. The historical village of De Rijp

2880-495: The stadium's capacity to 30,000 seats. This would be achieved by adding a second tier to three of the four stands, leaving the Victorie Tribune untouched. Construction was planned for second half of 2010, but it never got underway as the club's main sponsor and one of the main financial contributors to the project, DSB Bank went bankrupt shortly before work started. Therefore, the capacity remained at 17,023. On 10 August 2019,

2940-633: The stand behind the other goal is called the Alkmaarderhouttribune, in honour of the former stadium, and the stand opposite to the main stand is called Molenaar Tribune after the founders of AZ. Some supporters call the stadium Victorie Stadion, alluding to the victory over Spain in the Siege of Alkmaar in 1573 during the Eighty Years' War . To further grow the club's budget, the AZ Board decided to increase

3000-416: The title comes the tradition of the House of Orange-Nassau (originally Nassau-Dietz), the later stadtholders of the Netherlands, and the present-day royal family of the Netherlands, of holding this title. They maintain the tradition of William the Silent and the House of Orange-Nassau. There are two other claimants to this title: Until 1340, it was customary for all sons of the prince of Orange to inherit

3060-400: The title. Only the direct line of descent to Raimond V is shown here. The house of Baux succeeded to the principality of Orange when Bertrand of Baux married the heiress of the last native count of Orange, Tiburge , daughter of William of Orange , Omelaz, and Montpellier. Their son was William I of Baux -Orange. Bertrand was the son of Raymond of Baux and Stephanie of Gevaudan. Stephanie

SECTION 50

#1732855207259

3120-608: The town of Orange . As the kingdom of Burgundy fragmented in the early Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa elevated the lordship of Orange to a principality in 1163 to shore up his supporters in Burgundy against the Pope and the King of France. As the Empire's boundaries retreated from those of the principality, the prince acceded to the sovereign rights that the Emperor formerly exercised. As William

3180-523: Was a direct descendant, and heiress-general by primogeniture, of the original princes of Orange, After the marquise (who died in 1713), the next holder was Louis of Mailly-Nesle  [ fr ] , marquis de Nesle (1689–1764). Although no longer descended from Louis-Charles, a branch of the Mailly family still claim the title today. In 1714 Louis XIV bestowed the usufruct of the principality on his kinsman, Louis Armand of Bourbon, Prince de Conti, who had

3240-453: Was also cognatically descended from William the Silent , was designated the heir to the Princes of Orange in the Netherlands by the last will of William III. Several of his descendants became stadtholders. They claim the principality of Orange on the basis of agnatic inheritance, similar to that of William the Silent, who had inherited Orange from his cousin René of Chalon. They did however have

3300-664: Was awarded to William of Gellone (born 755), a grandson of Charles Martel and therefore a cousin of Charlemagne , around the year 800 for his services in the wars against the Moors and in the reconquest of southern France and the Spanish March . His Occitan name is Guilhem ; however, as a Frankish lord, he probably knew himself by the old Germanic version of Wilhelm . William also ruled as count of Toulouse , duke of Aquitaine, and marquis of Septimania . The horn that came to symbolize Orange when heraldry came in vogue much later in

3360-495: Was commemorated on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris as "Alkmaer". The North Holland Canal , opened in 1824, was dug through Alkmaar. In 1865 and 1867 the railways between Alkmaar and Den Helder and between Alkmaar and Haarlem were built respectively. In the second half of the 20th century, Alkmaar expanded quickly with development of new neighbourhoods. On 1 October 1972, the town of Oudorp and

3420-504: Was only 11 years old. After William's assassination in 1584, the title passed to his son Philip William (who had been held hostage in Spain until 1596), and after his death in 1618, to his second son Maurice , and finally to his youngest son, Frederick Henry . The title of Prince of Orange became associated with the stadtholder of the Netherlands. William III (Willem III) was also King of England , Scotland and Ireland , and his legacy

3480-540: Was the King in Prussia , who based his claim to the title on the will of Frederick Henry, William III's grandfather. Eventually, a compromise was reached by which both families were entitled to bear the title of Prince of Orange. By then, it was no more than a title because the principality had been annexed by Louis XIV of France . Friso's line held it as their principal title during the 18th century. The French army expelled them from

3540-417: Was the husband of Alix. They had a daughter Marguerite, who married in 1449 Rudolf of Baden-Hochberg , lord of Neuchâtel and Rothelin (1427–87). Their son was Philip (d. 1503). His only child who reached maturity was Johanna (d. 1543). She married in 1504 Louis I of Orléans , duc de Longueville (1450–1516). Through this marriage, the Orléans-Longueville, an illegitimate branch of the house of Valois, were

3600-418: Was the younger daughter of Gerberga , the heiress of the counts of Provence. For a genealogical table, see the reference cited: Bertrand I used as Prince of Orange the coat of arms of the House of Baux : a 16-pointed white star placed on a field of gules . Later on, the Princes of Orange quartered the legendary bugle-horn as a heraldic figure into their coat of arms. The lords of Chalons and Arlay were

#258741