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22-556: [REDACTED] Look up AE , Ae , ae , Æ , or æ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. AE , Ae , ae , aE , Æ or æ may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] A.E. (video game) , 1982 Ae (film) , a 2022 Sri Lankan film Autechre , an electronic music group L'Année épigraphique , a French publication on epigraphy Encyclopedia Dramatica , often abbreviated æ Artix Entertainment ,

44-511: A custom or usage, to use customarily ' , in turn from νόμος ( nomos ) ' usage, custom ' , ultimately from νέμειν ( nemein ) ' to dispense, divide, assign, keep, hold ' . Throughout its history, money itself has been made to be a scarce good. Many materials have been used to form money, from naturally scarce precious metals and cowry shells through cigarettes to entirely artificial money, called fiat money , such as banknotes . Many complementary currencies use time as

66-578: A fashion company abbreviated as AE Air Efficiency Award , a British medal 1942–1999 A US Navy hull classification symbol: Ammunition ship (AE) Applied Engineering , a computer hardware retailer Mandarin Airlines , a Taiwanese airline, IATA designator AE Toyota Corolla , the fifth generation of which is referred to as "AE" Adult education See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with AE A&E (disambiguation) AES (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

88-403: A patient or clinical investigation Aeon in astronomy, 10 years Almost everywhere , in mathematical analysis ASCII Express , computer software Authenticated encryption , a form of encryption Automatic exposure , a mode available on some cameras Canon AE-1 , a camera Other uses [ edit ] Æ or AE, a numismatic abbreviation for "bronze" American Eagle ,

110-516: A river Algeria , LOC MARC code United Arab Emirates , ISO 3166-1 and FIPS 10-4 country code AE .ae , the top level domain for United Arab Emirates United States postal abbreviation for US armed forces in Europe Science and technology [ edit ] Acoustic emission , the phenomenon of radiation of acoustic waves in solids Adobe After Effects , graphics software Adverse event , any untoward medical occurrence in

132-588: A unit of measure, using mutual credit accounting that keeps the balance of money intact. Modern money (along with most ancient money) is essentially a token – an abstraction. Paper currency is perhaps the most common type of contemporary physical money. However, goods such as gold or silver retain many of the essential properties of money, such as price fluctuation and limited supply, although these goods are not controlled by one single authority. Coin collecting may have possibly existed in ancient times. Augustus gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of

154-461: A video game developer and publisher Language [ edit ] Characters [ edit ] Æ or æ, a ligature or letter list of English words that may be spelled with a ligature , including "AE" being rendered as "Æ" Ä or ä, a letter sometimes represented as "ae" Ae (Cyrillic) , a Cyrillic-script letter Ae (digraph) , a Latin-script digraph Languages and dialects [ edit ] American English , varieties of

176-641: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages AE">AE The requested page title contains unsupported characters : ">". Return to Main Page . List of numismatic abbreviations Specialists, known as numismatists , are often characterized as students or collectors of coins , but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods . The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but

198-574: Is related to numismatics proper (concerned with coins which have been legal tender ), and many coin collectors are also exonumists. Notaphily is the study of paper money or banknotes. It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has been in use. However, people only started collecting paper money systematically in Germany in the 1920s, particularly the Serienscheine (Series notes) Notgeld . The turning point occurred in

220-480: The 1970s when notaphily was established as a separate area by collectors. At the same time, some developed countries such as the United States , Germany , and France began publishing their respective national catalogs of paper money, which represented major points of reference literature. Scripophily is the study and collection of companies' shares and bonds certificates. It is an area of collecting due to both

242-687: The 19th century. The Royal Numismatic Society was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the Numismatic Chronicle . The American Numismatic Society was founded in 1858 and began publishing the American Journal of Numismatics in 1866. In 1931 the British Academy launched the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum publishing collections of Ancient Greek coinage . The first volume of Sylloge of Coins of

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264-598: The British Isles was published in 1958. In the 20th century, coins gained recognition as archaeological objects, and scholars such as Guido Bruck of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna realized their value in providing a temporal context and the difficulty that curators faced when identifying worn coins using classical literature. After World War II in Germany, a project, Fundmünzen der Antike (Coin finds of

286-599: The Classical Period) was launched to register every coin found within Germany. This idea found successors in many countries. In the United States, the US Mint established a coin cabinet in 1838 when chief coiner Adam Eckfeldt donated his personal collection. William E. Du Bois' Pledges of History... (1846) describes the cabinet. C. Wyllys Betts ' American colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals (1894) set

308-698: The English language native to the USA; abbr. AE, usually used in contrast to BE (British English). Avestan , a language, ISO 639-1 language code ae People [ edit ] A. E. or Æ, a penname of George William Russell (1867–1935), Irish writer A. E. Holt White (1851-1933), English writer and illustrator Anne Ellis (1875 - 1938), American writer Koichi Ae (born 1976), Japanese football player Alexander Emelianenko (born 1981), Russian mixed martial artist, with AE Team Places [ edit ] Ae, Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland Water of Ae ,

330-543: The coins they study. Varieties, mint-made errors , the results of progressive die wear, mintage figures, and even the sociopolitical context of coin mintings are also matters of interest. Exonumia (UK English: Paranumismatica) is the study of coin -like objects such as token coins and medals , and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. This includes elongated coins , encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, badges, counter-stamped coins, wooden nickels , credit cards , and other similar items. It

352-554: The early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility. Collectors of coins were Pope Boniface VIII , Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and Henry IV of France to name a few. Numismatics is called the "Hobby of Kings", due to its most esteemed founders. Professional societies organised in

374-504: The groundwork for the study of American historical medals. Helen Wang 's "A short history of Chinese numismatics in European languages" (2012–2013) gives an outline history of Western countries' understanding of Chinese numismatics. Lyce Jankowski 's Les amis des monnaies is an in-depth study of Chinese numismatics in China in the 19th century. Modern numismatics is the study of the coins of

396-413: The kings and foreign money" as Saturnalia gifts. Petrarch , who wrote in a letter that he was often approached by vine diggers with old coins asking him to buy or to identify the ruler, is credited as the first Renaissance collector. Petrarch presented a collection of Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV in 1355. The first book on coins was De Asse et Partibus (1514) by Guillaume Budé . During

418-416: The mid-17th century onward, the period of machine-struck coins. Their study serves more the need of collectors than historians, and it is more often successfully pursued by amateur aficionados than by professional scholars. The focus of modern numismatics frequently lies in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of

440-401: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title AE . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AE&oldid=1247326896 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

462-563: The use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins ; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells , precious metals , cocoa beans , large stones , and gems . First attested in English in 1829,

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484-509: The word numismatics comes from the adjective numismatic , meaning ' of coins ' . It was borrowed in 1792 from French numismatique , itself a derivation from Late Latin numismatis , genitive of numisma , a variant of nomisma meaning ' coin ' . Nomisma is a latinisation of the Greek νόμισμα ( nomisma ) which means ' current coin/custom ' , which derives from νομίζειν ( nomizein ) ' to hold or own as

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