65-1122: Political party in Spain New Canaries Nueva Canarias [REDACTED] Leader Román Rodríguez Rodríguez Founded February 2005 Ideology Canarian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Social democracy Federalism Political position Centre-left to left-wing National affiliation Sumar (since 2024) Regional affiliation Agreement of Nationalist Unity (2011, 2019) International affiliation European Free Alliance Congress of Deputies 0 / 15 Canarian seats Spanish Senate 0 / 14 Canarian seats Canarian Parliament 5 / 60 Island councils 13 / 157 Mayors 6 / 88 Municipal councillors 118 / 1,402 Website www .nuevacanarias .org Politics of Spain Political parties Elections New Canaries ( Spanish : Nueva Canarias )
130-437: A coalition government , or (in some instances) is the largest party in a minority parliament , that party's leader often serves as the prime minister . Thus, in the politics of several countries utilizing the parliamentary system , a political party's leader is treated as a de facto candidate for prime minister by the media and the general public, even if said office is technically not directly elected. Party Head or leader of
195-558: A constitutional court , or both), and removal entails either a snap election or automatic succession to office by a vice president ; therefore, the party's de jure internal leader either takes a background role (such as the Chairs of the Democratic , and Republican parties in the United States, who serve more so as the chief administrative officers of their respective political parties), or
260-422: A single law and formed the basis of Spanish law through the medieval period. The Visigothic councils, however, gradually came to be completely dominated by the clergy under the leadership of the archbishop of Toledo ; with ecclesiastical prerogatives completely secure, they then tended to allow royal edicts to come into effect without further ratification. The royal councils ( Latin : curia regis ) of
325-602: A French invasion crushed the National Militia and restored absolutist rule in Spain. During the subsequent reaction, many liberals were forced into exile, many—ironically—ending up in France, but generally Ferdinand VII was less strident in his policies through the remainder of his reign. When the monarchy was overthrown in 1873, the king was forced into exile. The Senate was abolished because of its royally appointed nature. A republic
390-787: A Solidary Europe (1) Basque Nationalist Party (1) Cortes Generales Spanish regional legislatures Basque political parties Catalan political parties Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Canaries&oldid=1255006729 " Categories : Political parties established in 2005 Political parties in the Canary Islands Social democratic parties in Spain Left-wing nationalist parties in Spain Canarian nationalist parties Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
455-482: A former monarchist Minister wary of the authoritarianism of the right, dissolved Parliament. The next election was held in 1936. It was hotly contested, with all parties converging into three coalitions: the leftist Popular Front , the right-winged National Front [ es ] and a Centre coalition. In the end, the Popular Front won with a small edge in votes over the runner-up National Front, but achieved
520-426: A political party, subject to party's constitutional document need not be elected member of legislature and is therefore different from leader of parliamentary committee of a party. This is much harder to do in presidential and semi-presidential systems , where the chief executive is a president who can only be removed by a special impeachment (typically involving a legislative supermajority , an investigation by
585-596: A solid majority due to the new electoral system introduced by the CEDA government hoping that they would get the edge in votes. The new Parliament then dismissed Alcalá-Zamora and installed Manuel Azaña in his place. During the third term, the extreme polarisation of the Spanish society was more evident than ever in Parliament, with confrontation reaching the level of death threats. The already bad political and social climate created by
650-770: A stronger role for the Cortes but was crushed by the Constable 's royalist forces at the 1521 Battle of Villalar and then brutally suppressed. Reorganized, the corteses retained some power over the realm's finances—particularly in Aragon —but became limited to a consultative entity. By the reign of Philip II , the delegates of the Cortes of Castile were financially dependent on the Crown for their income. The Imperial Cortes and its deputation ( Spanish : Diputación General de Cortes ) primarily concerned themselves with overseeing previous agreements and
715-509: A task because 208 out of 265 members of the Senate are elected by popular vote in each province, and only 58 are representatives appointed by the regional legislatures of autonomous communities. Proposals to reform the Senate have been discussed for at least ten years as of November 2007. One of the main themes of reform is to move towards a higher level of federalization and make the Senate a thorough representation of autonomous communities instead of
SECTION 10
#1732884455066780-2100: Is a social democratic , Canarian nationalist political party representing the Canary Islands territory of Spain . The party is a member of the European Free Alliance . Electoral performance [ edit ] Parliament of the Canary Islands [ edit ] Election Island constituencies Regional constituency Seats +/– Government Votes % Votes % 2007 50,749 5.4 (#4) 0 / 60 [REDACTED] 0 Extra-parliamentary 2011 82,148 9.1 (#4) 3 / 60 [REDACTED] 3 Opposition 2015 93,634 10.2 (#5) 5 / 60 [REDACTED] 2 Opposition 2019 80,891 9.1 (#4) 82,478 9.3 (#4) 5 / 70 [REDACTED] 0 Coalition 2023 71,021 8.1 (#4) 63,251 7.2 (#5) 5 / 70 [REDACTED] 0 Opposition Cortes Generales [ edit ] Cortes Generales Election Congress Senate Status Vote % Score % Score Seats +/– Seats +/– 2008 38,024 0.1 18th 3.8 4th 0 / 15 [REDACTED] 0 0 / 11 [REDACTED] 0 No seats 2011 w. CC–NC–PNC 1 / 15 [REDACTED] 1 0 / 11 [REDACTED] 0 Opposition 2015 w. PSOE–NCa 1 / 15 [REDACTED] 0 0 / 11 [REDACTED] 0 Opposition 2016 w. PSOE–NCa 1 / 15 [REDACTED] 0 1 / 11 [REDACTED] 1 Opposition 2019 (Apr) 36,193 0.1 18th 3.4 7th 0 / 15 [REDACTED] 1 0 / 11 [REDACTED] 1 No seats 2019 (Nov) w. CC–NC–PNC 1 / 15 [REDACTED] 1 0 / 11 [REDACTED] 0 Opposition Notes [ edit ] ^ In
845-672: Is also elected through public opinion polls, not party members. For the PPP, however, they calculate the public opinion poll and the party member poll by 50:50. The major political parties in Taiwan are the Democratic Progressive Party and the Kuomintang . The Democratic Progress Party's constitution stipulates that the President may serve directly as Party Chairman without an election during
910-458: Is different from Wikidata Articles containing Spanish-language text Articles with Spanish-language sources (es) Party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party , either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political party may officially be party chair , secretary , or
975-513: Is partly directly elected in that four senators per province are elected as a general rule and partly appointed by the legislative assemblies of the autonomous communities , one for each community and another one for every million inhabitants in their territory. Although the Senate was conceived as a territorial upper house, it has been argued by nationalist parties and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party that it does not accomplish such
1040-458: Is thus typical in such states (notably in the Westminster system ) for the party leader to seek election to the legislature and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader . In several countries utilizing the parliamentary system , if the party leader's political party emerges with a majority of seats in parliament after a general election , is the leading party in
1105-722: The Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA) ( right ). Initially, only the Radical Party entered the Government, with the parliamentary support of the CEDA. However, in the middle of the term, several corruption scandals (among them the Straperlo and the Nombela affairs) sank the Radical Party and the CEDA entered the Government in 1934. This led to uprisings by some leftist parties that were quickly suffocated. In one of them,
1170-511: The Cortes Generales serve four-year terms, and they are representatives of the Spanish people. In both chambers, the seats are divided by constituencies that correspond with the fifty provinces of Spain, plus Ceuta and Melilla . However, each island or group of islands within the Canary and Balearic archipelagos forms a different constituency in the Senate. As a parliamentary system ,
1235-4039: The European Free Alliance Elected to the European Parliament New Flemish Alliance Latvian Russian Union Party of the Corsican Nation Republican Left of Catalonia Other members Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology Bavaria Party Catalan Unity Democratic Party of Artsakh Eusko Alkartasuna Frisian National Party Future of Åland Galician Nationalist Bloc Liga Veneta Repubblica Majorca Socialist Party Mebyon Kernow Occitan Party Plaid Cymru Our Land Savoy Region Movement Scottish National Party Silesian Autonomy Movement South Schleswig Voters' Association South Tyrolean Freedom United Macedonian Organization Ilinden–Pirin Unity List Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh Valencian Nationalist Bloc Yorkshire Party Observers Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania Latvian Russian Union New Canaries Party of Friendship, Equality and Peace Pro Lombardy Independence Former members Hungarian Christian Democratic Association Lista za Rijeku – Lista per Fiume Lusatian Alliance Rainbow Sardinian Action Party Slovene Union The Other South [REDACTED] EU portal v t e Political parties in Spain [REDACTED] Congress of Deputies (350) People's Party (137) Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (120) Vox (33) Sumar (27) Sumar (11) Comuns (6) United Left (5) Coalició Compromís (2) Más Madrid (1) Chunta Aragonesista (1) Més per Mallorca (1) Republican Left of Catalonia (7) Together for Catalonia (7) EH Bildu (6) Basque Nationalist Party (5) Podemos (4) Navarrese People's Union (1) Canarian Coalition (1) Galician Nationalist Bloc (1) Independent ( José Luis Ábalos , 1) Senate (266) People's Party (144) Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (91) Republican Left of Catalonia (6) EH Bildu (5) Basque Nationalist Party (5) Together for Catalonia (3) Vox (3) Galician Nationalist Bloc (1) Independent Herrenian Group (1) Gomera Socialist Group (1) Canarian Coalition (1) Coalició Compromís (1) Eivissa i Formentera al Senat (1) Geroa Bai (1) Más Madrid (1) Navarrese People's Union (1) Other parties in regional parliaments Andalusia Adelante Andalucía Aragón Teruel Existe Aragonese Party Asturias Asturias Forum Balearic Islands Més per Menorca Sa Unió de Formentera Canary Islands New Canaries Cantabria Regionalist Party of Cantabria Castile and León Soria ¡Ya! Leonese People's Union For Ávila Catalonia Popular Unity Candidacy Catalan Alliance Galicia Ourensan Democracy Ceuta Movement for Dignity and Citizenship Ceuta Ya! Melilla Coalición por Melilla Somos Melilla European Parliament (61 of 720) People's Party (22) Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (20) Vox (6) Ahora Repúblicas (3) Republican Left of Catalonia (1) EH Bildu (1) Galician Nationalist Bloc (1) Sumar (3) Sumar (1) Comuns (1) Coalició Compromís (1) Se Acabó La Fiesta (3) Podemos (2) Together and Free for Europe (1) Coalition for
1300-565: The House of Representatives , with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most of the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader , whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader . Party leaders in the United States Senate have been elected by their respective political parties' caucuses since 1913. They include President of
1365-566: The Iberian peninsula 's various kingdoms came to be known as cortes ( Castilian Spanish ) or corts ( Valencian Spanish ). They began as advisory councils made up of the most powerful nobles and the feudal lords closest to the king. General councils were convened in 873, 1020, 1050, and 1063. The 1188 Cortes of León convened by Alfonso IX is sometimes taken to mark the beginning of parliamentary bodies in Western Europe because it
SECTION 20
#17328844550661430-665: The Nationalist faction , resulting in a bombing in May 1937. Francisco Franco did not prioritize the creation of a consultative or legislative type of assembly during his rule . In 1942, following the first symptoms of change in the international panorama in favour of the Allied Powers , a law established the Cortes Españolas (Spanish Cortes), a non-democratic chamber made up of more than 400 procuradores (singular procurador ). Both
1495-601: The Reconquista , the growth of trade and an urbanized middle class ( Spanish : burguesía ) expanded their importance at the various corteses. The king retained the ability to call and dismiss the Cortes but tended to exchange fueros , further grants of privileges and autonomy, to the residents of certain cities in exchange for lump sum payments to meet military and other obligations. (Modern Navarre preserves certain rights and privileges in its current statute of autonomy directly derived from these fueros.) In some cases,
1560-625: The Senate (the upper house ). The Congress of Deputies meets in the Palacio de las Cortes . The Senate meets in the Palacio del Senado . Both are in Madrid . The Cortes are elected through universal, free, equal, direct and secret suffrage , with the exception of some senatorial seats, which are elected indirectly by the legislatures of the autonomous communities . The Cortes Generales are composed of 615 members: 350 Deputies and 265 Senators. The members of
1625-575: The Vice President likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer and the President of the Senate . However, major parties also generally have a National Committee as their governing body, which has separate leadership roles. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress , is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate , and the lower chamber,
1690-405: The de facto party leaders. The leaders of all major political parties are chosen during their respective political party's leadership conventions upon the completion of a leadership election . Exceptions to this process sometimes occur when Members of Parliament leave their former party to form a new party. It is possible to co-chair a party. The party leader is the most prominent politician of
1755-477: The parliamentary party , or particular party office-holders, may vote; in others, such as the British Labour Party , though the entire membership is eligible to vote, some electors may have a much larger share of the vote than others (see also Superdelegate for a similar concept). If only one candidate emerges, they are said to be "elected by acclamation " or "ratified" by the general membership (sometimes
1820-617: The 1490s but her grandson the Habsburg emperor Charles V (Charles I of Spain) was able to easily provide for Ferdinand Magellan 's 1519 expedition and then to pointedly sell away all of Spain's rights to the Spice Islands (now Indonesia 's Malukus ) without any consultation with the Toledo Cortes in 1529. The 1520 Revolt of the Comuneros had intended to reverse this trend and provide
1885-466: The 1978 Constitution of Spain , but the institution has a long history. The tribal councils organized under Germanic law in the Visigothic Kingdom had the power of appointing and confirming kings, as well as passing laws and judgment. The Visigothic Code compiled under kings Chindasuinth and Recceswinth in the mid-7th century placed the kings, Visigoths , and native Spanish under
1950-713: The Canary Islands. References [ edit ] ^ Nueva Canarias se asoma al federalismo . La Provincia. ^ Báez García, A. J. (2019). Nueva Canarias. Creación y evolución de la nueva izquierda nacionalista canaria (2005-2019) . XIV Congreso AECPA . ^ La lista de todos los alcaldes y alcaldesas de Canarias . Radio Marca Canarias. June 19, 2023. ^ "Member Parties" . e-f-a.org . European Free Alliance . Retrieved 16 July 2024 . External links [ edit ] (in Spanish) New Canaries official website v t e Members of
2015-455: The Congress holds the power to ultimately override any decision of the Senate by a sufficient majority (usually an absolute majority or three-fifths majority ). The Congress is composed of 350 deputies (but that figure may change in the future as the constitution establishes a maximum of 400 and a minimum of 300) directly elected by universal suffrage approximately every four years. The Senate
New Canaries - Misplaced Pages Continue
2080-528: The Conservatives and Liberals would have alternating periods as the majority in the Cortes, with other parties restricted to a smaller number of seats. Soon after the Soviet revolution (1917), the Spanish political parties started polarizing, and the left-wing Communist Party (PCE) and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) blamed the Government for supposed election fraud in small towns ( caciquismo ), which
2145-515: The Cortes confirm and dismiss the Prime Minister of Spain and their government ; specifically, the candidate for Prime Minister has to be invested by the Congress with a majority of affirmative votes. The Congress can also dismiss the Prime Minister through a vote of no confidence . The Cortes also hold the power to enact a constitutional reform. The modern Cortes Generales were created by
2210-492: The Cortes was able to independently select agents to act as permanent advisors to the king between its sessions. Beginning with the Catholic Monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand , monarchs' control over Spain's various kingdoms in personal union allowed them to curtail the power of the grandees and burghers. Queen Isabella initially had difficulty in securing funding for the voyages of Christopher Columbus in
2275-560: The Cortes was immediately set aside by Ferdinand upon his restoration in 1814. His conservative policies led to a series of military coups that culminated in Col. Rafael del Riego forcing him to accept a more liberal constitution from 1820–1823, the Trienio Liberal ("Three Liberal Years"). Ferdinand vetoed nearly every law passed during the period and repeatedly asked other nations to invade and restore him to his previous authority. Finally,
2340-456: The Cortes' founding law and the subsequent regulations were based on the principles of rejection of parliamentarism and political pluralism. Members of the Cortes were not elected and exercised only symbolic power. It had no power over government spending, and the cabinet, appointed and dismissed by Franco alone, retained real legislative authority. In 1967, with the enaction of the Organic Law of
2405-640: The House by secret ballot . The Republican Party is represented in the House by Speaker of the House of Representatives Mike Johnson , whereas the Democratic Party is represented by Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries . In the House of Representatives, the most powerful official is the House-elected Speaker . Jaime Harrison serves as the chair of the Democratic Party , while Michael Whatley serves as
2470-525: The Netherlands . The leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list . Outside election time the leaders most often serve as Parliamentary leader of their party in the House of Representatives , some party leaders opt to serve in
2535-476: The Republic had been backstabbed. Also, for the second time in Spanish history, some regions were granted autonomous governments within the unitary state. Many on the extreme right rose up with General José Sanjurjo in 1932 against the Government's social policies, but the coup was quickly defeated. The elections for the second term were held in 1933 and won by the coalition between the Radical Party ( center ) and
2600-644: The Senate Kamala Harris, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate Patty Murray , Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin on the Democratic side, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Minority Whip John Thune on the Republican side. The party leaders of the House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in
2665-535: The State , the accommodation of "two family representatives per province, elected by those on the electoral roll of family heads and married women" (the so-called tercio familiar ) ensued, opening a fraction of the Cortes' composition to some mechanisms of individual participation. The Cortes are a bicameral parliament composed of a lower house ( Congreso de los Diputados , congress of deputies ) and an upper house ( Senado , senate ). Although they share legislative power,
New Canaries - Misplaced Pages Continue
2730-506: The autonomy of the Crown of Aragon . Philip also acted to repeal or curtail most of the diverse grants of autonomy and privilege ( fueros ) throughout his kingdom. Navarre was finally merged during the 1833 territorial division of Spain . With both the Bourbon monarchs Charles IV and Ferdinand VII having abdicated their throne and Napoleon Bonaparte having appointed his brother Joseph as
2795-534: The cabinet as a minister . In the Republic of Korea , Representatives of most political parties are elected through elections of party members. The representative of the Democratic Party of Korea is Song Young-gil, who was elected in May 2021, and the representative of the conservative opposition PPP is Lee Jun-seok , a famous young politician who was elected in June 2021. In the Democratic party's presidential election, it
2860-546: The chair of the Republican Party . Cortes Generales Supported by (20) Opposition (153) Supported by (25) Opposition (178) The Cortes Generales ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾtes xeneˈɾales] ; English: Spanish Parliament , lit. 'General Courts') are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain , consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house ) and
2925-511: The chairperson, who is the party leader, and other board members) play a much more prominent role in German politics than they do in many other countries, where the parties are mainly represented by their members and leaders in government. Although the party leaders often also hold important public offices (such as government minister or parliamentary leader ), those roles are clearly separated, even by law. Consequently, it does occasionally happen that
2990-563: The collection of taxes in Castile and the larger empire; separate deputations oversaw similar work in Aragon and Navarre. The corteses were able to regain some of their previous powers and influence during the 17th century, as repeated sovereign defaults reduced the monarchy to financial dependency and a series of deputies including the Count-Duke of Olivares oversaw most day-to-day government. Under
3055-645: The completion of a leadership election . Exceptions to this process sometimes occur when Members of Parliament leave their former party to form a new party; examples of this include when Jean-François Fortin quit the Bloc Québécois to form Strength in Democracy in 2014 and when Maxime Bernier quit the Conservative Party to form the People's Party of Canada in 2018. The leaders of communist parties often hold
3120-441: The highest political office. The party leader is often responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public and leading the competition against political rivals, similar to the role of a party spokesperson . As such, they will take a leading role in developing and communicating party platforms to the electorate. In many representative democracies , party leaders compete directly for high political office. It
3185-470: The leaders of a German party are not even members of parliament, such as Saskia Esken and Lars Klingbeil , who are incumbent the chairpersons of the (governing) Social Democrats . This sometimes leads to open conflicts between the party leadership, its parliamentary group and its members of government. In the Netherlands , the party leaders are the most senior politicians within the political parties in
3250-552: The leadership may be automatically bestowed on an incumbent president who belongs to the party (such as the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan). In countries using the Westminster system, the leader of the largest political party not within the government serves as the leader of the opposition . In Canada , the leaders of all major political parties are chosen during their respective political party's leadership conventions upon
3315-437: The left wing government of Catalonia, which had been granted home rule, formally rebelled against the central government, denying its power. This provoked the dissolution of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the imprisonment of their leaders. The leftist minority in the Cortes then pressed Alcalá Zamora for a dissolution, arguing that the uprising were the consequence of social rejection of the right-wing government. The President,
SECTION 50
#17328844550663380-432: The long-term left-right confrontation worsened, and many right-wing rebellions were started. Then, in 1936, the Army's failed coup degenerated into the Spanish Civil War , putting an end to the Second Republic. From November 1936 to October 1937, the Cortes were held at Valencia City Hall , which was still being used for its local purposes at the same time. The building was a target for the Italian Air Force in service of
3445-406: The monarchist cause nationally, but most provincial capitals and other sizable cities sided heavily with the republicans. This was interpreted as a victory, as the rural results were under the always-present suspicion of caciquismo and other irregularities while the urban results were harder to influence. The King left Spain, and a Republic was declared on 14 April 1931. The Second Spanish Republic
3510-436: The new Constitution , with the ex-monarchist leader Niceto Alcalá Zamora as President of the Republic and the left-wing leader Manuel Azaña as Prime Minister. The election gave a majority in the Cortes and thus, the Government, to a coalition between Azaña's party and the PSOE. A remarkable deed is universal suffrage , allowing women to vote, a provision highly criticized by Socialist leader Indalecio Prieto , who said
3575-432: The new king, a " Cortes of Cádiz " was convened that claimed sovereignty over Spain and operated as a government-in-exile . The Cortes was the first to act as a single representative body for the entire country and empire, although substitutes had to be chosen from among the people of Cádiz for many regions occupied by the French and unable to send their own delegates. Extremely liberal, the Constitution of 1812 enacted by
3640-449: The party and is usually considered to become the head of government . However, a party leader may also put forward a different candidate for the elections. The party leader (chairperson) can not be the same as the party's General Secretary . The method of selection of the party leader varies from party to party, though often it will involve an election involving all or part of the party membership. In some parties, only incumbent members of
3705-420: The ruling period, and that the Party Chairman is elected by party members during the opposition period. The Party constitution of the Kuomintang provides that the party chairman is directly elected by party members. The current chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party is President Lai Ching-te . The current chairman of the Kuomintang is former Vice Premier Eric Chu . In Turkey , the party chairpersons are
3770-473: The term "anointed" occurs informally or in media discourse). Sir Keir Starmer is leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister , while Kemi Badenoch was elected the leader of the Conservative Party , and thus Leader of the Opposition , in November 2024. If elected, political parties have party leaders in the executive branch of the United States government. The President becomes the de facto leader of their respective political party once elected, and
3835-455: The title of general secretary (e.g. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party ) and the officeholder is usually considered the paramount leader of China. On 15 November 2012, Xi Jinping was elected General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party at the 18th Communist Party national congress . The party organizations themselves and also their representatives (such as
3900-405: The young and chronically ill Charles II , the Cortes of Castile was responsible for naming his mother Mariana regent. During the War of the Spanish Succession , the Bourbon king Philip V suppressed the Cortes of Aragon and Valencia in 1707 and those of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands in 1714. Following the Peace of Utrecht , the 1716 Nueva Planta Decrees fully abolished
3965-419: Was established as a presidential republic , with a unicameral Parliament and a President of the Republic as the Head of State . Among his powers were the appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister , either on the advice of Parliament or just having consulted it before, and a limited power to dissolve the Parliament and call for new elections. The first term was the constituent term charged with creating
SECTION 60
#17328844550664030-504: Was incorrectly supposed to have been wiped out in the 1900s by the failed regenerationist movement. In the meantime, spiralling violence started with the murders of many leaders by both sides. Deprived of those leaders, the regime entered a general crisis, with extreme police measures which led to a dictatorship (1921–1930) during which the Senate was again abolished. The dictatorship, now ruled by Admiral Aznar-Cabañas , called for local elections. The results were overwhelmingly favorable to
4095-401: Was proclaimed and the Congress of Deputies members started writing a Constitution, supposedly that of a federal republic , with the power of Parliament being nearly supreme (see parliamentary supremacy , although Spain did not use the Westminster system ). However, due to numerous issues, Spain was not ready to become a republic; after several crises the government collapsed, and the monarchy
4160-505: Was restored in 1874. The regime just after the First Republic is called the Bourbon Restoration . It was formally a constitutional monarchy , with the monarch as a rubberstamp to the Cortes' acts but with some reserve powers, such as appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister and appointing senators for the new Senate , remade as an elected House. In practice there was an artificial two-party system called El Turno Pacífico (peaceful rotation) in which elections were informally fixed so
4225-675: Was the first to provide formal national representation of the free urban citizens alongside the clergy and hereditary nobility. Subsequently, larger and more inclusive Cortes occurred in the Principality of Catalonia in 1192, the Kingdom of Portugal in 1211, the Kingdom of Castile in 1250, the Kingdom of Aragon in 1274, the Kingdom of Valencia in 1283, and Kingdom of Navarre in 1300. The Leonese and Castilian Corteses were merged in 1258, after which it provided representation to Burgos, Toledo, León, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, Zamora, Segovia, Ávila, Salamanca, Cuenca, Toro, Valladolid, Soria, Madrid, Guadalajara, and (after 1492) Granada. During
#65934