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34-563: The government policy, according to historian J. A. R. Marriott , was that: David Lloyd George gained a heroic reputation with his energetic work as Minister of Munitions, from 1915 to 1916, setting the stage for his political rise. When the Shell Crisis of 1915 dismayed public opinion, with the news that the Army was running short of artillery ammunition, demands arose for a strong leader to take charge of munitions production. A new coalition ministry

68-493: A ' Greek College ' for Greek Orthodox students to come to Oxford, part of a scheme to make ecumenical links with the Church of England . This was a going concern from 1699 to 1705, although only 15 Greeks are recorded as members. In 1714, thanks to a fortunate benefaction from a Worcestershire baronet, Sir Thomas Cookes , Gloucester Hall was transformed into Worcester College. Even then, there were only sufficient funds to rebuild

102-505: A Conservative society. In 1883, Marriott became a lecturer in Modern History at New College, and soon after at Worcester College , of which he became a Fellow in 1914. In 1886, he was recruited by M. E. Sadler as an Oxford University extension lecturer, to give lectures in towns across the country. He was a "natural platform orator... notable for characteristic gestures and the full sweep of his gown". In 1895, he became secretary of

136-503: A big rise in output of munitions, which greatly contributed to his political ascent to Prime Minister in late 1916 and leadership of the five man War Cabinet. Many historians agree that he boosted national morale and focused attention on the urgent need for greater output but many also say the increase in munitions output from 1915 to 1916 was due largely to reforms already decided, though not yet effective, before he arrived. American historian R. J. Q. Adams provided details that showed that

170-802: A field related to Literae Humaniores . The text is the same as that recited at Christ Church but, in comparison, always given in the long form, in Latin : " Nōs miserī hominēs et egēnī, prō cibīs quōs nōbis ad corporis subsidium benignē es largītus, tibi, Deus omnipotēns, Pater cælestis, grātiās reverenter agimus; simul obsecrantēs, ut iīs sobriē, modestē atque grātē ūtāmur. Īnsuper petimus, ut cibum angelōrum, vērum panem cælestem, verbum Deī æternum, Dominum nostrum Iēsum Christum, nōbis impertiāris; utque illō mēns nostra pascātur et per carnem et sanguinem eius fovēāmur, alāmur, et corrōborēmur. Amen. " Translated into English: " We unhappy and unworthy men do give thee most reverent thanks, Almighty God , our heavenly Father, for

204-717: A series of generous benefactions. The latest of these include the Earl Building, Sainsbury Building (which won the Civic Trust Award in 1984), Linbury Building, Canal Building, Ruskin Lane Building (for undergraduates), the Franks Building (for graduates), and the Sultan Nazrin Shah Centre , which won numerous architectural awards and was shortlisted for the 2018 Stirling Prize . The Canal Building sits next to

238-490: A team of seven gardeners. A production of Twelfth Night was directed by Patrick Garland in the gardens with Oz Clarke as Sir Toby Belch and Francis Matthews . Other garden plays have included The Tempest on the lake, directed by Nevill Coghill in 1949, and Twelfth Night in the Provost's garden, directed by provost Jonathan Bate and undergraduate Georgia Figgis in 2016. From February 2009 until December 2018

272-416: A week: weekly on Thursday and on alternating Sunday and Monday evenings. The Boys' Choir consists of trebles from Christ Church Cathedral School and alto, tenor and bass choral scholars. This choir also sings twice weekly; on Sunday and Tuesday evenings. These choirs are run on a day-to-day basis by Worcester's two Organ Scholars alongside the director of music. William Burges was commissioned to redecorate

306-558: Is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes, 2nd Baronet (1648–1701) of Norgrove , Worcestershire, whose coat of arms was adopted by the college. Its predecessor, Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of

340-546: The Commonwealth and Protectorate ) and a large proportion of the surviving drawings of Inigo Jones . Owing to lack of funds, Worcester's eighteenth-century building programme proceeded by fits and starts. The west end of the Terrace and the Provost's Lodgings were added in 1773–1776 (architect: Henry Keene ). The medieval cottages were to have been replaced by a further classical range, but survived because money for this purpose

374-502: The Chapel, Hall and Library and the north side of the Front Quad, known as the Terrace. The designs were by George Clarke , who had consulted Nicholas Hawksmoor . In 1736, Clarke generously left to the college his great collection of books and manuscripts. These included the papers of his father William Clarke (which are of crucial importance for the history of England during the period of

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408-622: The Extension delegacy, which he remained until 1920. Marriott wrote prolifically, on modern English and European history, the British Empire, and on political institutions. His books, aimed at a non-specialist audience, benefitted from his experience as an extension lecturer. Marriott had been politically active as an undergraduate, and in 1885 was adopted as the Conservative candidate for East St Pancras , although he later withdrew. In 1886, he

442-679: The Hall, but was forced to curtail his elaborate designs by a lack of funds. A reduced scheme was completed in 1877 but was substantially altered in the early-twentieth century, and in 1966 Wyatt's designs were restored using his original drawings (preserved in the College Library), under the direction of architect Emil Godfrey. The Hall was refurbished and redecorated in 2018. "Exit Burges. [The college fellows] will be sorry in fifty years." In more recent years, several new residential blocks for undergraduates and graduates have been added, thanks in part to

476-602: The Ministry broke through the cumbersome bureaucracy of the War Office , resolved labour problems, rationalized the supply system and dramatically increased production. Within a year it became the largest buyer, seller and employer in Britain. To improve efficiency and public relations the Ministry opened a department focused on workers' welfare. It improved first aid conditions; promoted factory safety; handled medical conditions induced by

510-496: The Ministry would control their distribution in order to prevent speculative price rises and to enable normal marketing to continue. The whole of the Indian jute crop, for example, was bought and distributed in this way. Steel, wool, leather and flax came under similar controls. By 1918 the Ministry had a staff of 65,000 people, employing some 3 million workers in over 20,000 factories with large numbers of women new to engineering work for

544-631: The Monasteries in 1539. Founded as a men's college, Worcester has been coeducational since 1979. The provost is David Isaac, CBE who took office on 1 July 2021. As of 2022, Worcester College had a financial endowment of £59.6 million. Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , Fields Medallist Simon Donaldson , novelist Richard Adams (author of ‘ Watership Down ’), professional basketball player and US Senator Bill Bradley , and

578-571: The Saturday of 4th Week, second-year members of the College celebrate 'Midway' to mark the point at which they are exactly halfway through their degree (given that students on 3-year courses attend for nine terms, each lasting eight weeks). The occasion is marked with the taking of professional photographs: one in formal dress (but not gowns), and the other in costumes made by the students, usually reflecting themes decided by individual groups of friends. Later in

612-568: The Sultan of Perak , Nazrin Shah . The buildings are diverse, especially in the main quadrangle : looking down into the main quadrangle from the entrance through the main building, to the right is an imposing eighteenth century building in the neo-classical style ; and to the left a row of medieval buildings known as "the cottages", which are among the oldest residential buildings in Oxford . These cottages are

646-638: The college to retain very extensive gardens and contiguous playing fields (a total of 26 acres (110,000 m ), including a lake). The gardens have won numerous awards, including the Oxford in Bloom college award every time they have been entered for the competition. Extensive work on the gardens was carried out between 1817 and 1820, and they may have been laid out in the Picturesque style by Richard Greswell in 1827. They are now managed by head gardener Simon Bagnall and

680-462: The college's gardeners kept a blog to provide an insight into the work involved in looking after the 26 acres (110,000 m ). Every three years in June, the college hosts a commemoration ball . The College holds a Formal Hall on several days of the week; dress is formal with gowns compulsory for matriculated students. Before each meal, the college grace is recited by a scholar, or student studying

714-453: The day, a meal is served in Formal Hall to distinguish the event. Worcester College is known for its sporting prowess, especially in football, cricket, and hockey, and is one of the few colleges to have its sporting grounds onsite (football, rugby, tennis, basketball, netball, croquet, and cricket). In the 2011/2012 season, Worcester won Men's and Women's Football Cuppers. During recent years

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748-484: The duration of the war. The post was abolished in 1921, as part of a cutback of government and as a delayed result of the Armistice in 1918. John Marriott (British politician) Sir John Arthur Ransome Marriott (17 August 1859 – 6 June 1945) was a British educationist, historian, and Conservative member of parliament (MP). Marriott taught modern history at the University of Oxford from 1884 to 1920. He

782-491: The handling of dangerous chemicals and TNT; provided day care for children; limited overtime; and sometimes provided transportation and lodging for workers. The Ministry was staffed at the top levels by senior army men and businessmen loaned by their companies for the duration of the war. These men were able to coordinate the needs of big business with those of the state and reach a compromise on price and profits. Government agents bought essential supplies from abroad. Once bought,

816-525: The most substantial surviving part of Gloucester College , Worcester's predecessor on the same site: this was a college for Benedictine monks , founded in 1283 and dissolved with the Dissolution of the Monasteries in about 1539. After a lapse of 20 years, the buildings of the old Gloucester College were used in the foundation of an academic hall , Gloucester Hall , in around 1560. The penultimate principal, Benjamin Woodroffe , attempted to establish there

850-455: The north entrance to the college and, as the name suggests, beside the Oxford Canal . It houses 50 students in large en-suite single rooms. The accommodation is usually reserved for third and fourth-year undergraduates. Although Worcester is near the centre of Oxford today, it was on the edge of the city in the eighteenth century. This has proved a benefit in the long run, since it has allowed

884-770: The so-called Coupon Election ), he lost his seat in the general election of 1922 to Frank Gray , the Liberal. Marriott returned to parliament in 1923 for York , defending his seat successfully in the 1924 general election , but lost in 1929 to a Labour candidate, Frederick George Burgess . In 1891, Marriott married Henrietta Robinson, daughter of William Percy Robinson, warden of Trinity College, Glenalmond , and they had one daughter, Cicely, in 1892. He died in Llandrindod Wells on 6 June 1945. Worcester College, Oxford James Wyatt Worcester College ( / ˈ w ʊ s t ər / WUUST -ər )

918-481: The victuals which thou hast bestowed on us for the sustenance of the body, at the same time beseeching thee that we may use them soberly, modestly and gratefully. And above all we beseech thee to impart to us the food of angels, the true bread of heaven, the eternal Word of God , Jesus Christ our Lord, so that the mind of each of us may feed on him and that through his flesh and blood we may be sustained, nourished and strengthened. Amen . " Every Hilary (spring) term on

952-425: The work to Henry Holiday . Oscar Wilde said of the Chapel, "As a piece of simple decorative and beautiful art it is perfect, and the windows very artistic." Worcester is unique among the Oxford colleges in that it has not one, but two chapel choirs of equal status, which share out the weekly services between them. There is a mixed-voice choir constituted of auditioned choral scholars and volunteers, which sings twice

986-503: Was knighted in 1924. He was born in Bowdon, Cheshire , the son of Francis Marriott, a solicitor from a family of small landowners, and his wife Elizabeth Ransome, daughter of the surgeon Joseph Atkinson Ransome. He was educated at Repton School and New College, Oxford , graduating in 1882 with a Second in Modern History. As an undergraduate, he was an active member of the Canning Club,

1020-467: Was an Honorary fellow, formerly fellow, lecturer and tutor in modern History, of Worcester College, Oxford . He was the Conservative MP for Oxford from 1917 to 1922, and for York from 1923 to 1929. After defeat in 1929, he retired from active politics. During the course of his lifetime, Marriott wrote more than forty books on British and European history, as well as current political subjects. He

1054-600: Was formed in May 1915 and Lloyd George was made Minister of Munitions, in a new department created to solve the munitions shortage. In this position David Lloyd George addressed labour disputes on the Clyde , concerning lowering of wages by 'dilution' of skilled labour, and he called for an enquiry into the conditions of munitions workers that led to labour intelligence services being transferred to his Ministry, under Colonel Arthur Lee , Parliamentary Military Secretary. He received acclaim for

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1088-499: Was insufficiently emphatic for the tastes of militant Victorian churchmen, and between 1864 and 1866 the chapel was redecorated by William Burges . It is highly unusual and decorative; being predominantly pink, the pews are decorated with carved animals, including kangaroos and whales, and the walls are riotously colourful, and include frescoes of dodos and peacocks. Its stained glass windows were to have been designed by John Everett Millais , but Burges rejected his designs and entrusted

1122-428: Was never available; the Hall and Chapel, by James Wyatt , were not completed until the 1770s. The College Chapel was built in the 18th century. George Clarke, Henry Keene, and James Wyatt were responsible for different stages of its lengthy construction (1720–1791), owing to a shortage of funds. The interior columns and pilasters, the dome, and the delicate foliage plastering are all Wyatt's work. His classical interior

1156-501: Was selected for Rochdale but lost in the general election to the defending Liberal, Thomas Bayley Potter . He applied for selection as Conservative candidate for the Oxford University by-election in 1914 , but was not successful. In 1917, he was elected unopposed under the war-time electoral pact to represent Oxford City in the by-election following the elevation to a UK peerage of Lord Valentia . Re-elected in 1918 (in

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