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109-516: The General Confederation of Labour ( Spanish : Confederación General del Trabajo ; CGT) is a Spanish trade union federation . Formed as a faction of the National Confederation of Labour (CNT) during the Spanish transition to democracy , its support for participation in union elections [ es ] led it to split from the organisation, which prohibited participation. After losing
218-697: A Spanish-based creole language called Chavacano developed in the southern Philippines. However, it is not mutually intelligible with Spanish. The number of Chavacano-speakers was estimated at 1.2 million in 1996. The local languages of the Philippines also retain significant Spanish influence, with many words derived from Mexican Spanish , owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through New Spain until 1821, until direct governance from Madrid afterwards to 1898. International Workers%27 Day International Workers' Day , also known as Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day ,
327-588: A considerable number of words from Arabic , as well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. In addition, many more words were borrowed from Latin through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. The loanwords were taken from both Classical Latin and Renaissance Latin , the form of Latin in use at that time. According to
436-517: A dramatic change in the pronunciation of its sibilant consonants , known in Spanish as the reajuste de las sibilantes , which resulted in the distinctive velar [x] pronunciation of the letter ⟨j⟩ and—in a large part of Spain—the characteristic interdental [θ] ("th-sound") for the letter ⟨z⟩ (and for ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ ). See History of Spanish (Modern development of
545-476: A first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos ( Ilustrados ). Despite a public education system set up by the colonial government, by the end of Spanish rule in 1898, only about 10% of the population had knowledge of Spanish, mostly those of Spanish descent or elite standing. Spanish continued to be official and used in Philippine literature and press during the early years of American administration after
654-654: A lengthy legal battle for the name, the pro-electoral faction renamed itself to the CGT and reorganised itself as an independent trade union center. By the 21st century, the CGT had become one of the largest trade unions in Spain, gaining more than 100,000 members and electing more than 7,000 representatives to works councils . It has gained a particularly strong influence in the automotive , telecommunication and transportation industries , which it has called to be brought under social ownership . Its support for self-determination put it in
763-471: A long history in the territory of the current-day United States dating back to the 16th century. In the wake of the 1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty , hundreds of thousands of Spanish speakers became a minoritized community in the United States. The 20th century saw further massive growth of Spanish speakers in areas where they had been hitherto scarce. According to the 2020 census, over 60 million people of
872-663: A number of organizations regarded as conservative, such as the African Teachers' Association of South Africa , the National African Federated Chamber of Commerce , and the Steel and Engineering Industries Federation of South Africa, an organization that represented employers in the metal industries. More than 1,500,000 workers observed the call and stayed home, as did thousands of students, taxi drivers, vendors, shopkeepers, domestic workers, and self-employed people. In
981-498: A primarily Hassaniya Arabic -speaking territory, Spanish was officially spoken as the language of the colonial administration during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Today, Spanish is present in the partially-recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its secondary official language, and in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf ( Algeria ), where the Spanish language is still taught as
1090-574: A public holiday and celebrated as Labour Day. In South Africa , Workers' Day has been celebrated as a national public holiday on 1 May each year since 1995. Workers' Day started to get more attention by African workers in 1928, which saw thousands of workers in a mass march. In 1950, the South African Communist Party called for a strike on 1 May in response to the Suppression of Communism Act declaring it illegal. Police violence caused
1199-519: A resolution for a "great international demonstration" in support of working-class demands for the eight-hour day . The 1 May date was chosen by the American Federation of Labor to commemorate a general strike in the United States, which had begun on 1 May 1886 and culminated in the Haymarket affair four days later. The demonstration subsequently became a yearly event. The 1904 Sixth Conference of
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#17328845545641308-621: A rival anarcho-syndicalist international, has criticised the CGT's participation in works councils as " reformism ", although the CGT insists it has merely adapted to new material conditions and considers itself to practice a pragmatic form of syndicalism. The CGT counted 50,000 members during the 1990s; since then its membership has doubled. Following the Great Recession , the major Spanish trade unions called general strikes in 2010 and 2012 , although they maintained an ambivalent position towards political and economic reform. In reaction to
1417-550: A second language features characteristics involving the variability of the vowel system. While far from its heyday during the Spanish protectorate in Morocco , the Spanish language has some presence in northern Morocco , stemming for example from the availability of certain Spanish-language media. According to a 2012 survey by Morocco's Royal Institute for Strategic Studies (IRES), penetration of Spanish in Morocco reaches 4.6% of
1526-518: A second language, largely by Cuban educators. The number of Spanish speakers is unknown. Spanish is also an official language of the African Union . Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish administration in 1565 to a constitutional change in 1973. During Spanish colonization , it was the language of government, trade, and education, and was spoken as
1635-579: A similar name. Some countries celebrate a Labour Day on other dates significant to them, such as the United States and Canada , which celebrate Labor Day on the first Monday of September. In 1955, the Catholic Church dedicated 1 May to " Saint Joseph the Worker". Saint Joseph is the patron saint of workers and craftsmen, among others. Labor Celebration days existed in some European countries since
1744-590: A trial that was seen as a miscarriage of justice . The following day on 5 May, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , the state militia fired on a crowd of strikers killing seven, including a schoolboy and a man feeding chickens in his yard. In 1889, the first meeting of the Second International was held in Paris , following a proposal by Raymond Lavigne [ fr ] that called for international demonstrations on
1853-416: Is cognate to the root word of satisfacer ("to satisfy"), and hecho ("made") is similarly cognate to the root word of satisfecho ("satisfied"). Compare the examples in the following table: Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table: In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish underwent
1962-555: Is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, or the first Monday in May. Traditionally, 1 May is the date of the European spring festival of May Day . The International Workers Congress held in Paris in 1889 established the Second International for labor, socialist, and Marxist parties. It adopted
2071-503: Is a public holiday celebrated as Labour Day. It was celebrated for the first time in Mauritius on 1 May 1938, and for the first time as an official public holiday on 1 May 1950. This was thanks largely to the efforts of Guy Rozemont, Dr. Maurice Curé, Pandit Sahadeo and Emmanuel Anquetil, as a day of special significance for Mauritian workers who for many years had struggled for their social, political and economic rights. In Morocco , 1 May
2180-605: Is a public holiday celebrated on 1 May. 1 May is known as Labour Day and is a holiday. By custom, it is usually the day on which wage increases (e.g., the national minimum wage) and other labour improvements are announced by the Government. In recent years it was also the day chosen by the Bolivian government to announce the (re)nationalization of strategic sectors of the economy (e.g. hydrocarbons in 2006, telecommunications in 2008, electricity in 2010, etc.). In Brazil , "Workers' Day"
2289-443: Is a public holiday on the first Monday in May. 1 May is a national holiday known as Labour Day and celebrated by workers' parades and demonstration. In Ecuador, 1 May is an official public holiday known as Labour Day. People do not go to work and spend time with their relatives or gather for demonstrations. 1 May is an official public holiday known as Labour Day. 1 May is an official public holiday known as Labour Day. 1 May
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#17328845545642398-460: Is a public holiday on the first Monday in May. In Argentina , Workers' Day is an official holiday on 1 May, and is frequently associated with labour unions. Celebrations related to labour are held including demonstrations in major cities. The first Workers' Day celebration was in 1890, when Argentinian unions organized several celebrations in Buenos Aires and other cities, at the same time that
2507-582: Is an important day of trade union and community group protest in the province of Quebec (though not a provincial statutory holiday ). Celebration of the International Labour Day (or "International Workers' Day"; French : Journée internationale des travailleurs ) in Montreal goes back to 1906, organized by the Mutual Aid circle. The tradition had a renaissance at the time of a mass strike in 1972. On
2616-483: Is an official holiday celebrated on 1 May, and unions commemorate it with day-long public events. In Canada, Labour Day is celebrated in September. In 1894, the government of Prime Minister John Sparrow David Thompson declared the first Monday in September as Canada's official Labour Day. Labor Day in the United States is on the same day. International Workers' Day is however marked by unions and leftists on 1 May. It
2725-449: Is estimated that about 486 million people speak Spanish as a native language , making it the second most spoken language by number of native speakers . An additional 75 million speak Spanish as a second or foreign language , making it the fourth most spoken language in the world overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi with a total number of 538 million speakers. Spanish is also
2834-740: Is heavily influenced by Venezuelan Spanish. In addition to sharing most of its borders with Spanish-speaking countries, the creation of Mercosur in the early 1990s induced a favorable situation for the promotion of Spanish language teaching in Brazil . In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President , making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign language course in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil. In September 2016 this law
2943-454: Is known as Labour Day and is considered a paid holiday . The President of Egypt traditionally presides over the celebrations. In Ethiopia , 1 May is a public holiday and celebrated as Worker's Day. 1 May is a holiday in Ghana . It is a day to celebrate all workers across the country. It is celebrated with a parade by trade unions and labour associations. The parades are normally addressed by
3052-562: Is recognized as a public holiday. Mozambique celebrates International Workers' Day on 1 May. 1 May is recognized as public holiday in Namibia and celebrated as Workers' Day. Since 1981, 1 May is a public holiday in Nigeria . On the day, people gather while, traditionally, the president of the Nigeria Labour Congress and other politicians address workers. In Somalia , 1 May is
3161-721: Is related to Castile ( Castilla or archaically Castiella ), the kingdom where the language was originally spoken. The name Castile , in turn, is usually assumed to be derived from castillo ('castle'). In the Middle Ages , the language spoken in Castile was generically referred to as Romance and later also as Lengua vulgar . Later in the period, it gained geographical specification as Romance castellano ( romanz castellano , romanz de Castiella ), lenguaje de Castiella , and ultimately simply as castellano (noun). Different etymologies have been suggested for
3270-806: Is spoken by very small communities in Angola due to Cuban influence from the Cold War and in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned for their country's independence. Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in Africa, namely the cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands , located in the Atlantic Ocean some 100 km (62 mi) off
3379-804: Is the de facto national language of the country, Spanish is often used in public services and notices at the federal and state levels. Spanish is also used in administration in the state of New Mexico . The language has a strong influence in major metropolitan areas such as those of Los Angeles , Miami , San Antonio , New York , San Francisco , Dallas , Tucson and Phoenix of the Arizona Sun Corridor , as well as more recently, Chicago , Las Vegas , Boston , Denver , Houston , Indianapolis , Philadelphia , Cleveland , Salt Lake City , Atlanta , Nashville , Orlando , Tampa , Raleigh and Baltimore-Washington, D.C. due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration. Although Spanish has no official recognition in
General Confederation of Labour (Spain) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3488-600: The President of Costa Rica gives a speech to the citizens and the legislature of Costa Rica about the duties that were undertaken through the previous year. The president of the legislature is also chosen by its members. This day is known as Labour Day in Cuba. People march in the streets, showing their support to the Cuban Communist government and the Cuban Revolution during the whole morning. In Dominica , Labour Day
3597-784: The Soviet Union and attended by the top leaders of the Kremlin , especially the Politburo , atop Lenin's Mausoleum . It became an enduring symbol of that period. In Poland , since 1982, party leaders led the official parades. In Hungary, May Day was officially celebrated under the communist rule, and remains a public holiday. Traditionally, the day was marked by dancing around designated "May trees". Some factories in socialist countries were named in honour of International Workers' Day, such as 1 Maja Coal Mine in Wodzisław Śląski , Poland. In East Germany ,
3706-557: The Spanish as a First Foreign Language (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. Spanish has historically had a significant presence on the Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba , Bonaire and Curaçao ( ABC Islands ) throughout the centuries and in present times. The majority of the populations of each island (especially Aruba) speaking Spanish at varying although often high degrees of fluency. The local language Papiamentu (Papiamento on Aruba)
3815-508: The Spanish–American War but was eventually replaced by English as the primary language of administration and education by the 1920s. Nevertheless, despite a significant decrease in influence and speakers, Spanish remained an official language of the Philippines upon independence in 1946, alongside English and Filipino , a standardized version of Tagalog . Spanish was briefly removed from official status in 1973 but reimplemented under
3924-670: The Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe . Today, it is a global language with about 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain , and about 600 million when including second language speakers. Spanish is the official language of 20 countries , as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations . Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese ;
4033-428: The automotive , telecommunication and transportation industries ; it also has a significant presence in the banking , cleaning , education , healthcare and public administration sectors. In April 2023, after three decades of internecine conflict, the CGT, CNT and SO came together to form a "united action pact", with the intention of defending public welfare, fighting for equality and opposing repression against
4142-590: The collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo , a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century. Spanish colonialism in the early modern period spurred the introduction of the language to overseas locations, most notably to
4251-546: The moderate position of the mainstream unions, many within the rising anti-austerity movement moved towards anarcho-syndicalism, which led to a growth in the CGT's membership. In 2012, the CGT counted 4,805 representatives in works councils (1.6% of all union representatives). In the 2015 union elections, its vote-share increased, leading to the election of 5,435 CGT representatives (2% of all union representatives). By 2020, it counted 100,000 members, which together accounted for 3.5% of all Spanish trade union members. This made
4360-515: The 1880s. In 1882, Matthew Maguire , a machinist , first proposed a Labor Day holiday on the first Monday of September while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union (CLU) of New York. Others argue that it was first proposed by Peter J. McGuire of the American Federation of Labor in May 1882, after witnessing the annual labour festival held in Toronto , Canada . In 1887, Oregon
4469-802: The 1890 anniversary of the Chicago protests. On 1 May 1890, the call encouraged May Day demonstrations took place in the United States and most countries in Europe. Demonstrations were also held in Chile and Peru. May Day was formally recognized as an annual event at the International's second congress in 1891. Subsequently, the May Day riots of 1894 occurred. The International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904 called on "all Social Democratic Party organisations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on
General Confederation of Labour (Spain) - Misplaced Pages Continue
4578-408: The 1973 Labour Day, the first contemporary demonstration was organized by the major trade union confederations; over 30,000 trade unionists took part in this demonstration. Further, it is the customary date on which the minimum wage rises. President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo decreed 1 May a national holiday in 1931, in honour of the dignity of workers. All stores and public services must close for
4687-656: The 2000s, the CGT has established a series of syndicalist internationals, together with the Central Organisation of Swedish Workers (SAC). These included: the International Libertarian Solidarity (2001–2003); the European Federation of Alternative Syndicalism [ it ] (2003–2009); and finally the Red and Black Coordination (2010–present). The International Workers' Association (IWA),
4796-404: The 2021–2022 school year alone. The local business process outsourcing industry has also helped boost the language's economic prospects. Today, while the actual number of proficient Spanish speakers is around 400,000, or under 0.5% of the population, a new generation of Spanish speakers in the Philippines has likewise emerged, though speaker estimates vary widely. Aside from standard Spanish,
4905-574: The 20th century, Spanish was introduced to Equatorial Guinea and the Western Sahara , and to areas of the United States that had not been part of the Spanish Empire, such as Spanish Harlem in New York City . For details on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language . Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries worldwide. As of 2023, it
5014-460: The Americas. As a Romance language, Spanish is a descendant of Latin. Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is Latin in origin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Alongside English and French , it is also one of the most taught foreign languages throughout the world. Spanish is well represented in the humanities and social sciences . Spanish is also the third most used language on
5123-523: The Andalusian branch of the CGT joined the strike, but overall, trade union participation in the strike was lacking. The following year, the call for a feminist general strike was backed by the CGT, as well as the CNT and CO.BAS, which declared that its workers would cease work for 24 hours. The women's strikes of 2018 and 2019 successfully mobilised hundreds of thousands of people, but further actions were limited by
5232-488: The CGT the fourth-largest trade union in Spain, behind the General Union of Workers (UGT), Workers' Commissions (CCOO) and Unión Sindical Obrera (USO). It is also the largest anarcho-syndicalist union in the country. The CGT has also increased its elected union delegates to more than 7,000 representatives; together representing millions of workers in various different industries. The CGT's unions are most powerful within
5341-523: The CNT responded by expelling the dissident unions, which it denounced as "enemies of trade unionism". Members of the CTI were physically attacked and sent death threats , prompting the dissident CNT faction to establish self-defense units. To distinguish itself from the "official" CNT, the CTI renamed itself to the CNT-Valencia Congress ( Spanish : CNT-Congreso de Valencia ; CNT-CV). By February 1981,
5450-526: The Catalan self-determination process, which it called an "attack on the rights and liberties of everybody". Emphasising their support for self-management and direct democracy , the CGT called on workers to mobilise in the streets and carry out civil disobedience "in defence of the liberties that the capitalist system denies us". After the referendum, the CGT denounced the state prosecution of hundreds of officials, civil servants and school teachers who had supported
5559-639: The Equatoguinean education system and is the primary language used in government and business. Whereas it is not the mother tongue of virtually any of its speakers, the vast majority of the population is proficient in Spanish. The Instituto Cervantes estimates that 87.7% of the population is fluent in Spanish. The proportion of proficient Spanish speakers in Equatorial Guinea exceeds the proportion of proficient speakers in other West and Central African nations of their respective colonial languages. Spanish
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#17328845545645668-406: The First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace." The congress made it "mandatory upon the proletarian organisations of all countries to stop work on 1 May, wherever it is possible without injury to the workers." In the United States and Canada, a September holiday, called Labor or Labour Day , was first proposed in
5777-428: The General Confederation of Labour (Spanish: Confederación General del Trabajo ; CGT). Its first act as the CGT was to join that year's International Workers' Day celebrations, organised by other trade unions. Workers' Solidarity (Spanish: Solidaridad Obrera ; SO) later split from the Madrid section of the CGT, opting to allow its members the choice of whether or not to participate in union elections. Throughout
5886-414: The Haymarket affair, the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) called for the government to establish an official holiday on 1 May. It also called for workers to stay home from work that day. COSATU was joined by a number of prominent anti- apartheid organizations, including the National Education Crisis Committee and the United Democratic Front (South Africa) . The call was also supported by
5995-577: The Iberian Peninsula. These languages included Proto-Basque , Iberian , Lusitanian , Celtiberian and Gallaecian . The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era , the most important influences on the Spanish lexicon came from neighboring Romance languages — Mozarabic ( Andalusi Romance ), Navarro-Aragonese , Leonese , Catalan/Valencian , Portuguese , Galician , Occitan , and later, French and Italian . Spanish also borrowed
6104-424: The Old Spanish sibilants) for details. The Gramática de la lengua castellana , written in Salamanca in 1492 by Elio Antonio de Nebrija , was the first grammar written for a modern European language. According to a popular anecdote, when Nebrija presented it to Queen Isabella I , she asked him what was the use of such a work, and he answered that language is the instrument of empire. In his introduction to
6213-507: The President) address the workers. Each year, the government approves (and increases) the minimum wage on Labour Day. In Libya , International Workers' Day was declared a national public holiday by the National Transitional Council in 2012 the first year of the post-Qaddafi era. On 1 May 1978, then Libyan leader Colonel Mu'ammar Al-Qaddafi addressed the nation in the capital city of Tripoli calling for administrative and also economic reforms across Libya . In Mauritius , 1 May
6322-433: The Second International , called on "all Social Democratic Party organisations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the eight-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat , and for universal peace ". The 1st of May, or first Monday in May, is a national public holiday in many countries, in most cases known as "International Workers' Day" or
6431-403: The Second International. May Day is one of the most important holidays in communist countries such as China , Vietnam , Cuba , Laos , North Korea , and the former Soviet Union countries. May Day celebrations in these countries typically feature elaborate workforce parades, including displays of military hardware and soldiers. In 1955, the Catholic Church dedicated 1 May to " Saint Joseph
6540-479: The Secretary General of the trade union congress and by regional secretaries in the regions. Workers from different workplaces through banners and T-shirts identify their companies. In Kenya , 1 May is a public holiday and celebrated as Labour Day. It is a big day addressed by the leaders of the workers' umbrella union body – the Central Organisation of Trade Unions (COTU). The Cabinet Secretary in charge of Ministry of Labour and Social Protection (and occasionally
6649-424: The Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only español but also castellano (Castilian), the language from the Kingdom of Castile , contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician , Basque , Asturian , Catalan/Valencian , Aragonese , Occitan and other minor languages. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the official language of
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#17328845545646758-502: The U.S. population were of Hispanic or Hispanic American by origin. In turn, 41.8 million people in the United States aged five or older speak Spanish at home, or about 13% of the population. Spanish predominates in the unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico , where it is also an official language along with English. Spanish is by far the most common second language in the country, with over 50 million total speakers if non-native or second-language speakers are included. While English
6867-408: The UGT and CCOO's refusal to participate, the strike received up to 80% support from Catalan workers; according to José Antonio Gutiérrez and Jordi Martí Font, this made it "the most successful strike in recent history in Spain". The CGT, CNT and SO, together with other Catalan anarchist groups, signed a manifesto expressing support for self-determination, denouncing political repression, and calling for
6976-430: The Worker". Saint Joseph is the patron saint of workers and craftsmen, among others. Today, the majority of countries around the world celebrate a workers' day on 1 May. Eastern Bloc countries such as the Soviet Union and most countries of central and eastern Europe that were under the rule of Marxist–Leninist governments held official May Day celebrations in every town and city, during which party leaders greeted
7085-425: The abolition of capitalism in Catalonia. The Catalan CGT is closely linked with the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP), a left-wing nationalist party, and the two share members throughout the region. By 2017, the CGT counted 19,300 members in the region Catalonia , which made it the third-largest union in the region. Ahead of the 2017 Catalan independence referendum , the CGT criticised the political repression of
7194-399: The administration of Ferdinand Marcos two months later. It remained an official language until the ratification of the present constitution in 1987, in which it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language. Additionally, the constitution, in its Article XIV, stipulates that the Government shall provide the people of the Philippines with a Spanish-language translation of
7303-566: The classic hispanus or hispanicus took the suffix -one from Vulgar Latin , as happened with other words such as bretón (Breton) or sajón (Saxon). Like the other Romance languages , the Spanish language evolved from Vulgar Latin , which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans during the Second Punic War , beginning in 210 BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages )—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages , and some that are not related at all—were previously spoken in
7412-401: The conflict had escalated into open violence, forcing the "official" CNT prohibited further violence, except in cases of self-defense. In 1983, the "official" CNT itself succombed to internal disputes over participation in union elections; the "renovators" (advocates of participation) were prevented from voting at its extraordinary congress, provoking general secretary José Bondía to resign from
7521-446: The consonant written b (a bilabial with plosive and fricative allophones). In modern Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic b and v . Typical of Spanish (as also of neighboring Gascon extending as far north as the Gironde estuary , and found in a small area of Calabria ), attributed by some scholars to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it
7630-404: The country's constitution. In recent years changing attitudes among non-Spanish speaking Filipinos have helped spur a revival of the language, and starting in 2009 Spanish was reintroduced as part of the basic education curriculum in a number of public high schools, becoming the largest foreign language program offered by the public school system, with over 7,000 students studying the language in
7739-419: The crowds. Workers carried banners with political slogans and many companies decorated their company cars. The biggest celebration of 1 May usually occurred in the capital of a particular socialist country and usually included a military display and the presence of the president and the secretary general of the party. During the Cold War , May Day became the occasion for large military parades in Red Square by
7848-423: The death of 18 people across Soweto. It has its origins within the historical struggles of workers and their trade unions internationally for solidarity between working people in their struggles to win fair employment standards and more importantly, to establish a culture of human and worker rights and to ensure that these are enshrined in international law and the national law. In 1986, the hundredth anniversary of
7957-574: The end of 18th century - sometimes on January 20 (France, 1793), sometimes on June 5 (France, 1867). On 21 April 1856, Australian stonemasons in Victoria undertook a mass stoppage as part of the eight-hour workday movement. It became a yearly commemoration, inspiring American workers to have their first stoppage. 1 May was chosen to be International Workers' Day to commemorate the 1886 Haymarket affair in Chicago . In that year beginning on 1 May, there
8066-506: The end of the 1970s, deep generational, ideological and tactical divides had caused the CNT to fragment. At the CNT's 5th Congress, held in Madrid in December 1979, the debate over participation in union elections [ es ] provoked a split. When the congress resolved to prohibit electoral participation, supporters of participation accused the organisers of blocking them from speaking on
8175-406: The entire day, and the major trade unions of Chile, represented in the national organization Workers' United Center of Chile (Central Unitaria de Trabajadores), organize rallies during the morning hours, with festivities and cookouts in the later part of the day, in all the major cities of Chile. During these rallies, representatives of the major left-wing political parties speak to the assemblies on
8284-560: The establishment of workers' self-management and direct democracy in Catalonia. They were supported by the Madrid sections of the CGT, CNT and SO, which held a solidarity demonstration in support of self-determination. In the mid-2010s, issues such as violence against women , the gender pay gap and unpaid domestic labour provoked a number of Spanish feminist organisations to call a general strike for International Women's Day . On 8 March 2017,
8393-611: The following table: Spanish is marked by palatalization of the Latin double consonants ( geminates ) nn and ll (thus Latin annum > Spanish año , and Latin anellum > Spanish anillo ). The consonant written u or v in Latin and pronounced [w] in Classical Latin had probably " fortified " to a bilabial fricative /β/ in Vulgar Latin. In early Spanish (but not in Catalan or Portuguese) it merged with
8502-399: The following years, 1 May became a popular, if not official, holiday. As a result of the killings on 1 May 1950 and the success of COSATU's call in 1986, 1 May became associated with resistance to the apartheid government. After its first universal election in 1994 , 1 May was adopted as a public holiday, celebrated for the first time in 1995. On its website, the city of Durban states that
8611-466: The former British colony of Belize (known until 1973 as British Honduras ) where English is the sole official language, according to the 2022 census, 54% of the total population are able to speak the language. Due to its proximity to Spanish-speaking countries and small existing native Spanish speaking minority, Trinidad and Tobago has implemented Spanish language teaching into its education system. The Trinidadian and Tobagonian government launched
8720-584: The grammar, dated 18 August 1492, Nebrija wrote that "... language was always the companion of empire." From the 16th century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America . Miguel de Cervantes , author of Don Quixote , is such a well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes"). In
8829-579: The holiday "celebrate[s] the role played by trade unions and other labour movements in the fight against South Africa's apartheid regime". In Tanzania , it is a public holiday on 1 May and celebrated as Worker's Day. 1 May is recognized as Labour Day in Tunisia , and is a paid public holiday In Uganda , Labour Day is a public holiday on 1 May. 1 May is recognized as a public holiday in Zimbabwe and called Workers' Day. In Antigua and Barbuda , Labour Day
8938-541: The holiday was officially known as Internationaler Kampf- und Feiertag der Werktätigen für Frieden und Sozialismus ("International Day of the Struggle and Celebration of the Workers for Peace and Socialism"); similar names were used in other Eastern Bloc countries. In Algeria , 1 May is a public holiday celebrated as Labour Day. 1 May is recognized as public holiday in Angola and called Workers' Day. In Egypt , 1 May
9047-520: The independence process. In response to the political repression that followed the referendum, on 3 October 2017, the CGT called a general strike in Catalonia and invited all trade unions to join it. The CGT was quickly joined by the Intersindical Alternativa de Catalunya [ ca ] (IAC) and Coordinadora Obrera Sindical [ ca ] (COS), and soon after by the CNT, SO and Confederació Sindical Catalana (CSC). Despite
9156-470: The international labour movement celebrated it for the first time. In 1930, it was established as an official holiday by the Radical Civic Union president Hipólito Yrigoyen . The day became particularly significant during the worker-oriented government of Juan Domingo Perón (1946–55). He permitted and endorsed national recognition of the holiday during his tenure in office. In Barbados , May Day
9265-501: The internet by number of users after English and Chinese and the second most used language by number of websites after English. Spanish is used as an official language by many international organizations , including the United Nations , European Union , Organization of American States , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , African Union , among others. In Spain and some other parts of
9374-425: The issues of the day concerning workers' rights. 1 May has long been recognized as Labour Day and almost all workers respect it as a national holiday. As in many other countries, it is common to see rallies by the trade unions in all over the main regional capitals of the country. First celebrated in 1913, labor day is a public holiday, and at the same time an important day for government activities. On this day,
9483-455: The labour movement. In 1985, the CGT passed a motion that supported self-determination for the nationalities and regions of Spain . On every National Day of Catalonia (11 September) since 2004, the Catalan branch of the CGT has publicly reaffirmed their support for self-determination. In 2013, they issued a manifesto Dret a decidir , which linked Catalan self-determination with the anarchist policy of workers' self-management and called for
9592-535: The language's hegemony in an intensely centralising Spanish state were established from the 18th century onward. Other European territories in which it is also widely spoken include Gibraltar and Andorra . Spanish is also spoken by immigrant communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and Germany . Spanish is an official language of the European Union . Today,
9701-440: The leading role of organising the 2017 Catalan general strike and its support for feminism drove its participation in women's strikes on each International Women's Day . During the Spanish transition to democracy , the National Confederation of Labour (Spanish: Confederación Nacional del Trabajo ; CNT), a revolutionary anarcho-syndicalist trade union , was restructured and returned to workplace organising in Spain. By
9810-686: The majority of the Spanish speakers live in Hispanic America . Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either de facto or de jure —of Argentina , Bolivia (co-official with 36 indigenous languages), Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní ), Peru (co-official with Quechua , Aymara , and "the other indigenous languages"), Puerto Rico (co-official with English), Uruguay , and Venezuela . Spanish language has
9919-635: The matter and 53 unions abandoned the meeting. The unions that supported electoral participation represented 8,000 members, roughly one-third of the CNT's remaining membership. Together they established a Technical Commission ( Spanish : Comisión Técnica Impugnadora ; CTI), which launched a legal challenge to the outcome of the Madrid Congress. From 25 to 27 July 1980, the CTI held an extraordinary congress in Valencia , where delegates resolved to authorise participation in union elections. The orthodox faction of
10028-711: The northwest of the African mainland. The Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands traces its origins back to the Castilian conquest in the 15th century , and, in addition to a resemblance to Western Andalusian speech patterns, it also features strong influence from the Spanish varieties spoken in the Americas, which in turn have also been influenced historically by Canarian Spanish. The Spanish spoken in North Africa by native bilingual speakers of Arabic or Berber who also speak Spanish as
10137-529: The organisation. The renovators were subsequently invited to join the CNT-CV, which took place at a Unification Congress at Madrid's Palacio de Congresos in 1984. The legal battle between the two factions continued throughout the 1980s, finally ending in 1989, when the Supreme Court of Spain banned the dissident faction from using the name of the CNT. The pro-election faction of the CNT then reorganised itself into
10246-636: The other hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. However, from 1713 to 1923, it called the language castellano . The Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (a language guide published by the Royal Spanish Academy) states that, although the Royal Spanish Academy prefers to use the term español in its publications when referring to the Spanish language, both terms— español and castellano —are regarded as synonymous and equally valid. The term castellano
10355-468: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain . Although subsequent strikes lost the support of the larger unions, the CGT and other smaller unions supported the 2020 women's strike; according to the CGT, 50% of Barcelona Metro workers went on strike on 8 March 2020. One of the CGT's strongest sections is its railway union. In the 2015 union elections [ es ] , the CGT secured representation in
10464-529: The population. Many northern Moroccans have rudimentary knowledge of Spanish, with Spanish being particularly significant in areas adjacent to Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish also has a presence in the education system of the country (through either selected education centers implementing Spain's education system, primarily located in the North, or the availability of Spanish as foreign language subject in secondary education). In Western Sahara , formerly Spanish Sahara ,
10573-544: The railways throughout history as a force for capital accumulation . The CGT therefore advocates for a railway model where public service is valued above profitability ; it has criticised the AVE as a profit seeking enterprise, built and maintained for an elite few . Spanish language Spanish ( español ) or Castilian ( castellano ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from
10682-528: The term español (Spanish). According to the Royal Spanish Academy, español derives from the Occitan word espaignol and that, in turn, derives from the Vulgar Latin * hispaniolus ('of Hispania'). Hispania was the Roman name for the entire Iberian Peninsula . There are other hypotheses apart from the one suggested by the Royal Spanish Academy. Spanish philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal suggested that
10791-444: The theories of Ramón Menéndez Pidal , local sociolects of Vulgar Latin evolved into Spanish, in the north of Iberia, in an area centered in the city of Burgos , and this dialect was later brought to the city of Toledo , where the written standard of Spanish was first developed, in the 13th century. In this formative stage, Spanish developed a strongly differing variant from its close cousin, Leonese , and, according to some authors,
10900-737: The third most used language on the Internet , after English and Chinese. Spanish is the official language of Spain . Upon the emergence of the Castilian Crown as the dominant power in the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the Middle Ages, the Romance vernacular associated with this polity became increasingly used in instances of prestige and influence, and the distinction between "Castilian" and "Spanish" started to become blurred. Hard policies imposing
11009-581: The whole of Spain, in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas (lit. "the other Spanish languages "). Article III reads as follows: El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas... Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. ... The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities... The Royal Spanish Academy ( Real Academia Española ), on
11118-464: The works councils of both Renfe and ADIF . Since 2001, the CGT has advocated for the railways to be brought under social ownership and to be maintained as a public service , with guarantees of consumer protection and workplace safety standards . Unlike the UGT and CCOO, which call for state ownership of the railways, the CGT has criticised the continued oscillation between state and private ownership of
11227-499: The world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English , Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani ( Hindi - Urdu ); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language. The country with the largest population of native speakers is Mexico . Spanish is part of the Ibero-Romance language group , in which the language is also known as Castilian ( castellano ). The group evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after
11336-489: Was a general strike for the eight-hour workday. On 4 May, the police acted to disperse a public assembly in support of the strike when an unidentified person threw a bomb. The police responded by firing on the workers. The event led to the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians; sixty police officers were injured, as were one hundred and fifteen civilians. Hundreds of labour leaders and sympathizers were later rounded-up and four were executed by hanging, after
11445-630: Was developed in the cities of Toledo , in the 13th to 16th centuries, and Madrid , from the 1570s. The development of the Spanish sound system from that of Vulgar Latin exhibits most of the changes that are typical of Western Romance languages , including lenition of intervocalic consonants (thus Latin vīta > Spanish vida ). The diphthongization of Latin stressed short e and o —which occurred in open syllables in French and Italian, but not at all in Catalan or Portuguese—is found in both open and closed syllables in Spanish, as shown in
11554-604: Was distinguished by a heavy Basque influence (see Iberian Romance languages ). This distinctive dialect spread to southern Spain with the advance of the Reconquista , and meanwhile gathered a sizable lexical influence from the Arabic of Al-Andalus , much of it indirectly, through the Romance Mozarabic dialects (some 4,000 Arabic -derived words, make up around 8% of the language today). The written standard for this new language
11663-713: Was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize. The h- , still preserved in spelling, is now silent in most varieties of the language, although in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects, it is still aspirated in some words. Because of borrowings from Latin and neighboring Romance languages, there are many f -/ h - doublets in modern Spanish: Fernando and Hernando (both Spanish for "Ferdinand"), ferrero and herrero (both Spanish for "smith"), fierro and hierro (both Spanish for "iron"), and fondo and hondo (both words pertaining to depth in Spanish, though fondo means "bottom", while hondo means "deep"); additionally, hacer ("to make")
11772-462: Was revoked by Michel Temer after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff . In many border towns and villages along Paraguay and Uruguay, a mixed language known as Portuñol is spoken. Equatorial Guinea is the only Spanish-speaking country located entirely in Africa, with the language introduced during the Spanish colonial period . Enshrined in the constitution as an official language (alongside French and Portuguese), Spanish features prominently in
11881-481: Was the first state of the United States to make it an official public holiday . By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty US states officially celebrated Labor Day. Thus by 1887 in North America, Labour Day was an established, official holiday but in September, not on 1 May. May Day has also been a focal point for demonstrations by various socialist, communist and anarchist groups since
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