This is a complete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1945 .
27-681: The Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946 ( 9 & 10 Geo. 6 . c. 59) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which nationalised, or brought into state control, the coal industry in the United Kingdom . It established the National Coal Board as the managing authority for coal mining and coal processing activities. It also initially provided for the establishment of consumers' councils. The Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946
54-412: Is 'An Act to establish public ownership and control of the coal-mining industry and certain allied activities; and for purposes connected therewith.' The provisions of the act comprise 65 sections in nine parts, plus four schedules. The following acts amended elements of the 1946 act. The Coal Industry Act 1949 ( 12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6 . c. 53) amended and repealed parts of the 1946 act including
81-465: Is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that
108-609: The Parliament of Scotland . The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster , near the City of London . This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of
135-639: The list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain . See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland . For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament , the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru ; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland . The number shown after each act's title
162-494: The British government became repressive against dissent and progress towards reform was stalled. George II's successor, George III , sought to restore royal supremacy and absolute monarchy, but by the end of his reign the position of the king's ministers – who discovered that they needed the support of Parliament to enact any major changes – had become central to the role of British governance, and would remain so ever after. During
189-629: The House of Commons by his Parliamentary Secretary Hugh Gaitskell . Several commentators have noted that the bill was imperfect and had been 'hastily cobbled together', just four months after the King's Speech. However, this approach was expedient for the government as the coal mining industry was in a poor state following the war and the Labour government wished to show that their manifesto commitments were being implemented. The coal industry nationalisation
216-548: The National Coal Board. The Mines (Working Facilities and Support) Act 1966 (c. 4) consolidated part I of the Mines (Working Facilities and Support) Act 1923 ( 13 & 14 Geo. 5 . c. 20). The Coal Industry Act 1971 (c. 16) extended the powers of the National Coal Board. The Coal Industry Act 1977 (c. 39) amended the financial powers of the National Coal Board. The Coal Industry Act 1987 (c. 3) changed
243-510: The United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801. Following the Treaty of Union in 1706, Acts of Union ratifying the Treaty were passed in both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, which created a new Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts paved the way for the enactment of the treaty of Union which created a new parliament, referred to as the 'Parliament of Great Britain', based in
270-563: The United Kingdom , which met from 29 November 1944 until 15 June 1945. The first session of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom , which met from 1 August 1945 until 6 November 1946. Parliament of Great Britain List of parliaments of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and
297-520: The composition of the National Coal Board; extended the area of relevant activities; and terminated contracts. The Miners' Welfare Act 1952 ( 15 & 16 Geo. 6. & 1 Eliz. 2 . c. 23) dissolved the Miners' Welfare Commission. The Coal Industry Act 1956 ( 4 & 5 Eliz. 2 . c. 61). The Coal Industry Act 1965 (c. 82) made provision for borrowing by, and loans by the Minister of Power to,
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#1733085744707324-520: The dissolution of the corporation; abolished the Domestic Coal Consumers' Council. 9 %26 10 Geo. 6 Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland . For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland . For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see
351-403: The first half of George III's reign, the monarch still had considerable influence over Parliament, which itself was dominated by the patronage and influence of the English nobility. Most candidates for the House of Commons were identified as Whigs or Tories , but once elected they formed shifting coalitions of interests rather than dividing along clear party lines. At general elections the vote
378-516: The government took extensive repressive measures against feared domestic unrest aping the democratic and egalitarian ideals of the French Revolution and progress toward reform was stalled for decades. In 1801, the Parliament of the United Kingdom was created when the Kingdom of Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under
405-443: The government which was now in firm control by Parliament. By the end of the 18th century the monarch still had considerable influence over Parliament, which was dominated by the English aristocracy, by means of patronage , but had ceased to exert direct power: for instance, the last occasion on which royal assent was withheld was in 1708 by Queen Anne , even this being done only at the request of her ministers. At general elections
432-466: The home of the former English parliament. All of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, although there is no provision for this within the treaty; furthermore, the incumbent officers and members representing England comprised the overwhelming majority of the new body. It was not even considered necessary to hold a new general election. While Scots law and Scottish legislation remained separate, new legislation
459-647: The king did not like. Proposals Pitt made in April 1785 to redistribute seats from the "rotten boroughs" to London and the counties were defeated in the House of Commons by 248 votes to 174. In the wake of the French Revolution of 1789, Radical organisations such as the London Corresponding Society sprang up to press for parliamentary reform, but as the French Revolutionary Wars developed
486-644: The king was forced to appoint an administration led by his opponents which sought to curb royal patronage. In November of 1783, he took the opportunity to use his influence in the House of Lords to defeat a bill to reform the Honourable East India Company , dismissed the government of the day, and appointed William Pitt the Younger to form a new government. Pitt had previously called for Parliament to begin to reform itself, but he did not press for long for reforms
513-404: The modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number. Continuing the tenth session of the 37th Parliament of
540-606: The monarchy. George was a German ruler, spoke poor English, and remained interested in governing his dominions in continental Europe rather than in Britain. He thus entrusted power to a group of his ministers, the foremost of whom was Sir Robert Walpole , and by the end of his reign in 1727 the position of the ministers – who had to rely on Parliament for support – was cemented. George I's successor, his son George II , continued to follow through with his father's domestic policies and made little effort to re-establish monarchical control over
567-715: The name of the National Coal Board to the British Coal Corporation . The Coal Industry Act 1990 (c. 3) made new provision for grants by the Secretary of State to the British Coal Corporation. The Coal Industry Act 1994 (c. 21) established the functions of a new body the Coal Authority ; restructured the coal industry, transferred the property, rights and liabilities of the British Coal Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries; and made provision for
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#1733085744707594-615: The system. In 1780, a draft programme of reform was drawn up by Charles James Fox and Thomas Brand Hollis and put forward by a sub-committee of the electors of Westminster. This included calls for the six points later adopted by the Chartists . The American War of Independence ended in defeat for a foreign policy that sought to prevent the thirteen American colonies from breaking away and forming their own independent nation , something which George III had fervently advocated, and in March 1782
621-557: The vote was restricted to freeholders and landowners, in constituencies that had changed little since the Middle Ages , so that in many "rotten" and "pocket" boroughs seats could be bought, while major cities remained unrepresented, except by the Knights of the Shire representing whole counties. Reformers and Radicals sought parliamentary reform, but as the French Revolutionary Wars developed
648-520: Was different to later enactments. The owners of coal mines and facilities were compensated with government stock; this demonstrated to the miners, who were powerful political force, that the industry belonged to the nation. For later nationalisations compensation was by stock issued by the relevant board. This simplified the system as compensation was based in the market value of shares in the relevant undertaking. The Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946 received royal assent on 12 July 1946. Its long title
675-447: Was restricted in most places to property owners, in constituencies which were out of date and did not reflect the growing importance of manufacturing towns or shifts of population, so that in the rotten and pocket boroughs seats in parliament could be bought from the rich landowners who controlled them, while major cities remained unrepresented. Reformers like William Beckford and Radicals beginning with John Wilkes called for reform of
702-817: Was the first of a number of Acts promulgated by the post-war Labour government to nationalise elements of the UK's industrial infrastructure; other Acts include the Electricity Act 1947 ; the Transport Act 1947 (railways and long-distance road haulage); the Gas Act 1948 ; and the Iron and Steel Act 1949 . The Coal Industry Nationalisation Bill was published in December 1945 by the Minister of Fuel and Power , Emanuel Shinwell , and got passed through
729-540: Was thereafter to be enacted by the new parliament, with the exception of that pertaining to private right which could only legislated on for the "evident utility" of the people. England's de facto prominence in the new parliament was, and remains, a contentious issue. After the Hanoverian King George I ascended the British throne in 1714 through the Act of Settlement of 1701 , real power continued to shift away from
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