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27-403: Black Friday caused the 1921 United Kingdom census , which had been planned for 24 April, to be pushed back to June. In the 1890s and the first two decades of the 20th century, increasing efforts were made to bring about amalgamations of small, local trade unions and to forge links between different organisations, with a view to securing united action. The National Transport Workers' Federation

54-556: A ballot which resulted in the proposal for strike action being defeated by 59 votes. Despite the decision against fully-fledged strike action, transport and railworkers were ordered not to handle imported coal. Some workers were unhappy with this limited action. In Glasgow , for example, the Scottish Union of Dock Labourers broke with the policy of the Transport Workers' Federation and called its members out on strike on 7 May. On

81-408: A defence against the threat of wage reductions occasioned by the onset of economic depression. A complicating factor was that both the coal industry and railways had been controlled by the state during the war and were not immediately returned to private hands. The Coalition- Liberal Government of David Lloyd George was unwilling to impose wage reductions, as this would provoke strike action against

108-528: A more long-term demographic trend, the number of people listed as being able to speak Scottish Gaelic only or being bilingual had fallen significantly since 1911. Unlike in England and Wales, the original census forms filled in by responders were destroyed when the census was tabulated, so the kind of additional comments added by members of the public which were seen in the English and Welsh release are not available in

135-413: A particularly sharp gender imbalance among 20 to 45 year olds, over 730,000 children were described as lacking fathers in comparison to 261,000 without mothers and that the number of people in hospital had increased by 35% since 1911 which was believed to be primarily due to veterans suffering from long-term injuries sustained during the conflict. Some responders had made political comments whilst filling out

162-493: A period which had a lot of unemployment, alleged that there was little support for sympathy action amongst rank-and-file dockers and railwaymen and argued that the involvement of other workers would only lead to needless sacrifices on their part. Williams was expelled from the Communist Party following this. In 1925, when the government agreed to grant a temporary subsidy to the mining industry so as to avoid wage reductions,

189-467: A view to securing united action. The National Transport Workers' Federation was created in 1910 to co-ordinate the actions of trade unions representing dockers, seamen, tramwaymen and others and in 1912 the National Union of Railwaymen was created as an amalgamation of a large number of local and sectional organisations representing rail workers. In 1914, the rail and transport unions came together with

216-619: The Miners' Federation of Great Britain to form the Triple Alliance . Although the agreements did not constitute a binding agreement, the formation of the alliance was recognised as a vehicle for united action by the largest and most powerful industrial groups. In the aftermath of the First World War , the Triple Alliance and united action in general were regarded by many trade unionists as

243-468: The Scottish Union of Dock Labourers broke with the policy of the Transport Workers' Federation and called its members out on strike on 7 May. On the same day, wage reductions were imposed on merchant seamen, leading to a well-supported general strike at the docks which lasted for over a month. Transport and rail leaders were widely criticised for their actions, with J. H. Thomas of the NUR and Robert Williams of

270-696: The UK National Archives (in association with the Office for National Statistics ) to digitise the 1921 census for England and Wales and publish it online. It was released on the FindMyPast website on 6 January 2022. Fees are charged for individual household entries, with an additional fee for an image of the relevant entry. FindMyPast's terms of use say: You cannot use the Records to create your own work such as databases, articles, blogs, or books, or copy or reproduce

297-450: The NTWF being singled out for particular criticism. For their part, union leaders pointed to the difficulties of resisting the wage reductions in a period which had a lot of unemployment, alleged that there was little support for sympathy action amongst rank-and-file dockers and railwaymen and argued that the involvement of other workers would only lead to needless sacrifices on their part. Williams

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324-516: The Records (either in whole or in part), or publish them, for a purpose other than personal use, without our prior written permission (and/ or that of the Licensor of the Records). Media reporting on the England and Wales release described the census as giving an insight into British society in the years after the First World War . It was noted for example that 1.7 million more women were listed than men with

351-534: The Scottish one. In addition to the questions asked for the 1911 census , the following information was recorded: Black Friday (1921) Black Friday , in British labour history, refers to 15 April 1921, when the leaders of transport and rail unions announced a decision not to call for strike action in support of the miners. The epithet 'black' derives from a widespread feeling amongst labour radicals that

378-435: The agreements did not constitute a binding agreement, the formation of the alliance was recognised as a vehicle for united action by the largest and most powerful industrial groups. In the aftermath of the First World War , the Triple Alliance and united action in general were regarded by many trade unionists as a defence against the threat of wage reductions occasioned by the onset of economic depression. A complicating factor

405-458: The census (e.g “ David Lloyd George , build houses” and “Out of Work in the Land Fit for Heroes ”). Whilst others had used it for humour, such as one mother who had described her three young children's occupations as “Getting into mischief”, “Getting into more mischief” and (for the 11-month-old) “occupying feeding bottles” along with many households that included their pets. The Scottish release of

432-537: The census which took place on 30 November 2022 to the database ScotlandsPeople was similarly linked to the aftermath of the First World War and Spanish Flu pandemic. For instance, the population had seen its smallest decade-on-decade increase since the first census in 1801 with the male population seeing a much smaller increase than the female one. In the context of industrial unrest, it was noted that significant numbers of soldiers were stationed near collieries . In

459-408: The decision amounted to a breach of solidarity and a betrayal of the miners. Black Friday caused the 1921 United Kingdom census , which had been planned for 24 April, to be pushed back to June. In the 1890s and the first two decades of the 20th century, increasing efforts were made to bring about amalgamations of small, local trade unions and to forge links between different organisations, with

486-486: The government, with political implications. Reductions for miners were postponed until the industry was de-controlled on 31 March 1921. Miners who refused to accept the reductions were locked out of employment. Following the imposition of the reductions, it was widely expected that the transport and rail unions would strike in support of the miners. However, on 15 April, the executives of the NTWF and NUR announced that they would not recommend strike action. One reason cited by

513-463: The reductions were locked out of employment. Following the imposition of the reductions, it was widely expected that the transport and rail unions would strike in support of the miners. However, on 15 April, the executives of the NTWF and NUR announced that they would not recommend strike action. One reason cited by the union leaders was that the miners' representatives had made comments suggesting that they, themselves, were not prepared to strike against

540-666: The reductions. More broadly, transport and rail union leaders accused the MFGB of expecting support from other unions but refusing to involve those unions in negotiations over the dispute. The principal seamen's union, the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union held a ballot which resulted in the proposal for strike action being defeated by 59 votes. Despite the decision against fully-fledged strike action, transport and railworkers were ordered not to handle imported coal. Some workers were unhappy with this limited action. In Glasgow , for example,

567-421: The same day, wage reductions were imposed on merchant seamen, leading to a well-supported general strike at the docks which lasted for over a month. Transport and rail leaders were widely criticised for their actions, with J. H. Thomas of the NUR and Robert Williams of the NTWF being singled out for particular criticism. For their part, union leaders pointed to the difficulties of resisting the wage reductions in

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594-411: The union leaders was that the miners' representatives had made comments suggesting that they, themselves, were not prepared to strike against the reductions. More broadly, transport and rail union leaders accused the MFGB of expecting support from other unions but refusing to involve those unions in negotiations over the dispute. The principal seamen's union, the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union held

621-511: Was The census of Ireland was not taken until 1926, and the results were In the 1911 census, the population of what was to become the Irish Free State had been counted as 3,139,688. The census was conducted under the Census Act 1920 , which prohibits disclosure for 100 years after the census was taken. On 27 February 2019 Findmypast announced that it had been awarded the contract by

648-563: Was carried out on 19 June 1921. It was postponed for two months from April due to industrial unrest and no census was taken in Ireland due to the Irish War of Independence . It was the first census in the UK to ask about place of work and industry, and whether a marriage had been dissolved by divorce. According to the preliminary general results of the census, the population of Great Britain on 19 June 1921

675-414: Was created in 1910 to co-ordinate the actions of trade unions representing dockers, seamen, tramwaymen and others and in 1912 the National Union of Railwaymen was created as an amalgamation of a large number of local and sectional organisations representing rail workers. In 1914, the rail and transport unions came together with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain to form the Triple Alliance . Although

702-485: Was expelled from the Communist Party following this. In 1925, when the government agreed to grant a temporary subsidy to the mining industry so as to avoid wage reductions, the day on which the decision was announced became known as Red Friday , in imitation of Black Friday. 1921 United Kingdom census The United Kingdom Census 1921 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that

729-456: Was that both the coal industry and railways had been controlled by the state during the war and were not immediately returned to private hands. The Coalition- Liberal Government of David Lloyd George was unwilling to impose wage reductions, as this would provoke strike action against the government, with political implications. Reductions for miners were postponed until the industry was de-controlled on 31 March 1921. Miners who refused to accept

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