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29-407: Tom Mann Winston Churchill The 1911 Liverpool general transport strike , also known as the great transport workers' strike , involved dockers , railway workers, sailors and other tradesmen. The strike paralysed Liverpool commerce for most of the summer of 1911. It also transformed trade unionism on Merseyside . For the first time, general trade unions were able to establish themselves on

58-525: A tract concerning a contemporary issue was a product of the heated arguments leading to the English Civil War ; this sense appeared in 1642. In some European languages, this secondary connotation, of a disputatious tract, has come to the fore: compare libelle , from the Latin libellus , denoting a "little book". Pamphlets functioned in place of magazine articles in the pre-magazine era, which ended in

87-603: A communist. He now believed the main purpose of the labour movement should be to overthrow capitalism, rather than just to ameliorate the condition of workers under it. He moved to Newcastle in 1887 and organised the SDF in the north of England. He managed Keir Hardie 's electoral campaign in Lanark before returning to London in 1888 , where he worked in support of the Bryant and May match factory strike . With Burns and Champion, he began producing

116-516: A crowd on Vauxhall Road, injuring fifteen, two fatally: John Sutcliffe, a 19-year-old carter, was shot twice in the head, and Michael Prendergast, a 30-year-old docker, was shot twice in the chest. An inquest into their deaths later brought in a verdict of "justifiable homicide". Home Secretary Winston Churchill sent in troops and positioned the cruiser HMS  Antrim in the Mersey . Tom Mann Thomas Mann (15 April 1856 – 13 March 1941),

145-604: A journal, the Labour Elector , in 1888. Along with Burns and Ben Tillett , Mann was one of the leading figures in the London dock strike of 1889 . He was responsible for organising relief for the strikers and their families. With the support of other unions and various organisations, the strike was successful. Following the strike, Mann was elected President of the newly formed Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union , with Tillett as General Secretary. Tillett and Mann wrote

174-675: A pamphlet called New Unionism , which advanced the utopian ideal of a co-operative commonwealth . Mann was also elected to the London Trades and Labour Council and as secretary of the National Reform Union , and was a member of the Royal Commission on Labour from 1891 to 1893. In 1894, he was a founding member of the Independent Labour Party and became the party Secretary in 1894. He was an unsuccessful candidate for

203-580: A permanent footing and become genuine mass organisations of the working class. Strike action began on 14 June when the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union announced a nationwide merchant seamen's strike. Solidarity action in support of the seamen led to other sections of workers striking. A strike committee, chaired by the syndicalist Tom Mann , was formed to represent all of the workers in dispute. Many meetings were held on St. George's Plateau, next to St. George’s Hall , on Lime Street , including

232-670: A twelfth-century amatory comic poem with a satiric flavor, Pamphilus, seu de Amore ('Pamphilus: or, Concerning Love'), written in Latin . Pamphilus's name is derived from the Greek name Πάμφιλος , meaning "beloved of all". The poem was popular and widely copied and circulated on its own, forming a slim codex . The earliest appearance of the word is in The Philobiblon (1344; ch. viii) of Richard de Bury , who speaks of " panfletos exiguos " {'little pamphlets'}. Its modern connotations of

261-410: Is a historical term for someone who produces or distributes pamphlets, especially for a political cause. Due to their ephemeral nature and to the wide array of political and religious perspectives given voice by the format's ease of production, pamphlets are prized by many book collectors . Substantial accumulations have been amassed and transferred to ownership of academic research libraries around

290-787: The Great Black Country Trades Dispute , which lasted for two months and threatened government preparations for World War I . Mann returned to the area again on 3 July. In 1917, he joined the successor to the Social Democratic Federation , the British Socialist Party , which had affiliated to the Labour Party the previous year. In 1919, he again ran for election as Secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, this time successfully. He held

319-594: The National Minority Movement , from their formation in 1921 until 1929. Tom Mann continued to actively champion socialism, communism, and co-operation, until his death in 1941. He published further pamphlets and regularly addressed public meetings, in Britain and abroad. He was arrested for sedition, on several occasions. He continued to be a popular figure in the labour movement, attracting large audiences to rallies and benefits. Mann advocated animal rights and

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348-646: The Salvation Army during a number of strikes. In 1893 there were rumours that he intended to become a church minister. He advocated the co-operative model of economic organisation, but resisted alliance between the ILP and other socialist organisations in Britain, like the Fabians . In 1895, the Fabian Beatrice Webb criticised Mann's absolutism and described his goal derogatorily as, "a body of men all professing exactly

377-606: The Social Democratic Federation (SDF) in Battersea . Here he met John Burns and Henry Hyde Champion , who encouraged him to publish a pamphlet calling for the working day to be limited to eight hours. Mann formed an organisation, the Eight Hour League , which successfully pressured the Trades Union Congress to adopt the eight-hour day as a key goal. After reading The Communist Manifesto in 1886, Mann became

406-633: The ALP and founded the Victorian Socialist Party . Returning to Britain in 1910, Mann wrote The Way to Win , a pamphlet that argued that socialism could be achieved only through trade unionism and co-operation, and that parliamentary democracy was inherently corrupt. He founded the Industrial Syndicalist Education League , and worked as an organiser for Ben Tillett. He led the 1911 Liverpool General Transport Strike . In 1912 he

435-722: The Tom Mann Centuria , was named in his honour. Tom Mann died at age 84, on 13 March 1941 in Grassington , Northern Yorkshire. He was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium . A memorial stands in front of the cottage where he died. There is also a memorial on his birthplace in Coventry . As mentioned, in 1936 a unit of the International Brigade was named the Tom Mann Centuria in his honour. The Tom Mann Theatre in Sydney, Australia,

464-510: The cover pages, published in a particular country and made available to the public" and a book as "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of the cover pages". The UNESCO definitions are, however, only meant to be used for the particular purpose of drawing up their book production statistics. The word pamphlet for a small work ( opuscule ) issued by itself without covers came into Middle English c.  1387 as pamphilet or panflet , generalized from

493-778: The mid-nineteenth century. There were hundreds of them in the United States alone. They were a primary means of communication for people interested in political and religious issues, such as slavery . Pamphlets never looked at both sides of a question; most were avowedly partisan , trying not just to inform but to convince the reader. Pamphlets can contain anything from information on kitchen appliances to medical information and religious treatises. Pamphlets are very important in marketing because they are cheap to produce and can be distributed easily to customers. Pamphlets have also long been an important tool of political protest and political campaigning for similar reasons. A pamphleteer

522-520: The party in the 1895 general election . In 1896 he was beaten in the election for Secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers. He helped create the International Transport Workers' Federation , and was its first President. He was deported from a number of European countries for organising trade unions. Mann's religious belief was as strong as his politics. He was an Anglican and organised support from Christian organisations like

551-925: The post until 1921, when he retired at the age of sixty-five. He welcomed the Russian October Revolution in 1917 and the Communist government, and called for soviets to be formed in the United Kingdom. In 1920, he was one of many members of the British Socialist Party, inspired by the Revolution, who formed the Communist Party of Great Britain . Mann was chairman of the British Bureau of the Red International of Labor Unions and its successor,

580-413: The rally on 13 August in which police carried out a baton charge a crowd of 85,000 people, who had gathered to hear Tom Mann speak. The event became known as "Bloody Sunday". In the police charges and subsequent unrest that carried on through the following night, over 350 people were injured. 3,500 British troops had become stationed in the city. Two days later, soldiers of the 18th Hussars opened fire on

609-457: The same creed and all working in exact uniformity to exactly the same end". Philip Snowden , a member of the ILP, liked Mann but was critical of his inability to stay with any one party or organisation for more than a few years. In 1902, Mann emigrated to Australia, to see if that country's broader electoral franchise would allow more "drastic modification of capitalism". Settling in Melbourne , he

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638-685: The world. Particularly comprehensive collections of American political pamphlets are housed at New York Public Library , the Tamiment Library of New York University , and the Jo Labadie collection at the University of Michigan . The pamphlet has been widely adopted in commerce, particularly as a format for marketing communications. There are numerous purposes for pamphlets, such as product descriptions or instructions, corporate information, events promotions or tourism guides and they are often used in

667-551: Was active in Australian trade unions and became an organiser for the Australian Labor Party . However, he grew disillusioned with the party, believing it was being corrupted by the nature of government and concerned only with winning elections. He felt that the federal Labor MPs were unable and unwilling to change society, and their prominence within the movement was stifling and over-shadowing organised labour. He resigned from

696-529: Was an English trade unionist and is widely recognised as a leading, pioneering figure for the early labour movement in Britain. Largely self-educated , Mann became a successful organiser and a popular public speaker in the British labour movement . Mann was born on 15 April 1856, on Grange Road, Foleshill . His birth house was previously maintained by Coventry City Council, but is now privately owned after being sold in 2004. The property still stands today. Mann

725-654: Was convicted under the Incitement to Mutiny Act 1797 of publishing an article in The Syndicalist , as an "Open Letter to British Soldiers", urging them to refuse to shoot at strikers (later reprinted as a leaflet, Don't Shoot ); his prison sentence was quashed after public pressure. He was opposed to Britain's involvement in World War I on socialist and religious grounds and addressed pacifist rallies. On 10 June 1913 he spoke at Wednesbury Market Place in support of strikers in

754-409: Was named after him. His great-grandson was Nicholas Bennett , Conservative MP for Pembroke from 1987 to 1992 and a Welsh Office minister from 1990 to 1992. Pamphlet For the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non- periodical printed publication of at least 5 but not more than 48 pages, exclusive of

783-782: Was supportive of the Humanitarian League . On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Mann became a member of the Spanish Medical Aid Committee, an organization that had been set-up by the Socialist Medical Association and other progressive groups. During the Spanish Civil War , he wanted to fight on the Republican side , but was by that time far too old. A unit of the International Brigade ,

812-617: Was the son of a clerk who worked at a colliery . He attended school from the ages of six to nine, then began work doing odd jobs on the colliery farm. A year later he became a trapper, a labour-intensive job that involved clearing blockages from the narrow airways in the mining shafts . In 1870, the colliery was forced to close and the family moved to Birmingham . Mann soon found work as an engineering apprentice . He attended public meetings addressed by Annie Besant and John Bright , and this began his political awareness. He completed his apprenticeship in 1877 and moved to London, however he

841-489: Was unable to find work as an engineer and took a series of unskilled jobs. In 1879, Mann found work in an engineering shop. Here he was introduced to socialism by the foreman , and decided to improve his own education. His reading included the works of William Morris , Henry George , and John Ruskin . In 1881 he joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers , and took part in his first strike . In 1884, he joined

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